Download The study of nails.

•Nail
Structure
•Nail
Growth
•Nail
Diseases,
Disorders,
and
Conditions
Nail Theory
Onychology
The study of nails.
Nail Structure
1. Free Edge – Extends past the
skin.
2. Nail Body – Visible nail area.
3. Nail Wall – Skin on both sides
of nail.
4. Lunula – Whitened half-moon
5. Eponychium – Lies at the
base of the nail, live skin.
6. Mantle – Holds root and
matrix.
Nail Structure
7. Nail Matrix – Generates cells that
make the nail.
8. Nail Root – Attached to matrix
9. Cuticle – Overlapping skin
around the nail
10. Nail Bed – Skin that nail sits on
11. Nail Grooves – Tracks that nail
slides on
12. Perionychium – Skin around nail
13. Hyponychium – Underneath the
free edge
Hyponychium
Nail Body
Nail Groove
Nail Bed
Lunula
Eponychium
Matrix
Nail Root
Free Edge
Nail Bed
Eponychium
Matrix
Nail Root
Nail Growth
• Keratin – Glue-like protein
that hardens to make the nail.
• Rate of Growth
– 4 to 6 month to grow new nail
– Approx. 1/8” per month
• Faster in summer
• Toenails grow faster
Injuries
• Result: shape distortions or discoloration
– Nail lost due to trauma.
– Nail lost through disease.
Types of Nail Implements
Nippers
Nail Clippers
Cuticle Pusher
Emery Board
or orangewood stick
Nail Diseases, Disorders and
Conditions
• Onychosis – Any nail disease
• Etiology – Cause of nail disease, disorder
or condition.
• Hand and Nail Examination – Check for
problems
• Six signs of infection – Pain, swelling,
redness, local fever, throbbing and pus
Symptoms
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Coldness – Lack of circulation
Heat – Infection
Dry Texture – Lack of moisture
Redness – Infection
Color of Nail Bed – Bruise
Condition of Free Edge – Nail biter
Tenderness/stiffness – Arthritis
Nail Plate Thickness - Filing
Nail Irregularities
•Refer to a
physician!!
–Do not diagnose!!
Onychomycosis
• Tinea Unguium /
Ringworm
• Cause – fungus
• Thick, turns colors,
deformed
• See physician
• No services may be
performed!!!
Tinea Manus
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Hand Ringworm
Fungus
Blisters & flakes
See physician
No services may be
performed!!
Tinea Pedis
• Athletes Foot / Foot
Ringworm
• Fungus
• Itching & red blisters
• See Physician
• No services may be
performed!!
Paronychia
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Inflammation
Bacterial Infection
Shows signs of infection
May grow out irregular
See physician
No service may be
performed!!
Onychoptosis
• Shedding of Nails
• Disease
• Sensitive, nail loss
– Will re-grow
• Needs to be protected
• No service may be
performed!!
Onychia
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Inflammation of Matrix
Bacterial Infection
Signs of infection
Nail may not grow back
– If it does grow, may be
deformed
• Needs to be protected
• No services may be
performed!!
Onychatrophia
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Wasting away of the nail
Injury
Shrinkage, separation
May improve in 3 – 6
months
• No services may be
performed!!
Onycholysis
• Loosening of Nail
• Systemic
• Partially loose nail,
becomes detached
• See physician
• No services may be
performed!!
• Blue nails
• Systemic
• Blue in color, poor
circulation
• Manicure with
caution!
Blue Nails
Corrugations
• Ridges across nail
• Injury/systemic
• Ridges
– Buff lightly
– Ridges may disappear
while growing out.
• Lightly buff, apply base
coat
Kolionychia
• Spoon Nails
• Systemic
• Concave, unusual
shape, unlikely to
disappear
• File carefully, polish to
protect
Furrows
• Vertical Lines
• Injury
• Buff lightly, may grow
out, may be permanent
• Lightly buff and apply
base coat
Onychogryposis
• Claw Nails
• Systemic
• Thick, curved, clawlike
• Physician may
remove
– Difficult to clean and
cut.
• Clean under free
edge.
Extreme Case of
Onychogryposis
Onychocryptosis
• Ingrown Nails
• Environmental
• Signs of infection: No
Service
• Refer to physician
• If not infected: Soften
skin, trim nail
• DO NOT CUT OUT
INGROWN NAIL!!
Onychauxis
• Hypotrophy
• Injury
• Thickness, easily
recognizable
• Lightly buff
Agnails
• Hang Nail
• Dry Cuticle
• Skin breaks at corner
of nail, trim
• May heal in 2 to 3
days
• Trim Hangnail and
Moisturize
Bruised Nails
• Purple Nails
• Trauma
• Discoloration under nail,
normal growth will
continue
• No pressure on nail
plate.
Leuconychia
• White spots
• Injury or liver disease
• Small separation from
nail bed, grows out
with nail.
• Perform nail service
as usual.
Pterygium
• Overgrown cuticles
• Sticky cuticle
• Excess cuticle that splits
and eventually tears.
• Soften, massage
cuticles and push back
– Unless skin is broken,
then no service.
Extreme Case of Pterygium
Onychophagy
• Bitten Nails
• Habit
• Easily recognizable,
will re-grow if biting
stops
• Perform nail service
weekly
Onychorrhexis
• Split Nails
• Injury (improper filing
or harsh chemical
contact)
• Easily recognizable,
file with emery board
carefully, may be
permanent
• Soften nails, use hot
oil manicure