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Name:
Period:
Chemistry Vocabulary
Packet
Directions:
1) Always complete vocabulary definitions in your own words. Provide sufficient
details gleaned from classroom experiences and textbook reading.
2) Avoid circular definitions (i.e. bond energy is not sufficiently described by
saying that it is “the energy of a bond”.)
3) Obtain definitions by reading vocabulary words in context from within chapters
of the textbook. (Most of the words can be found within the textbook.)
4) Refrain from using glossary definitions until after you have tried to discern and
write the definition from contextual clues.
5) Check your definitions against the glossary definitions in order to add more
detail to your work.
6) Do not ever just “Google” definitions. “Googled” definitions may be too complex,
too vague, or written with a different context in mind. Stay specific to
chemistry.
Chapter 1 Vocabulary
1) ozone 2) chlorofluorocarbons 3) chemistry 4) matter 5) mass 6) weight 7) scientific method 8) observation 9) qualitative observation 10) quantitative observation 11) inference 12) DRHERC 13) formalized hypothesis 14) independent (manipulated) variable 15) dependent (responding) variable 16) constant 17) control 18) controlled experiment 19) graph 20) interpolation 21) extrapolation 22) model 23) scientific theory 24) scientific law 25) pure (basic) research 26) applied research
27) technology -
Chapter 2 Vocabulary: Measurement and Data Analysis
1. SI System of Units –
2. standard 3. base unit –
4. kilogram –
5. meter –
6. second –
7. Kelvin temperature scale 8. derived unit –
9. volume –
10. liter –
11. density 12. uncertainty –
13. accuracy –
14. precision –
15. percent error –
16. significant figures –
17. measuring volume by displacement 18. scientific notation –
19. conversion factor 20. dimensional analysis 21. graph -
Chapter 3 and 13.4 Vocabulary: Matter – Properties and Changes
1.
matter -
2.
physical property -
3.
chemical property -
4.
intensive property -
5.
extensive property -
6.
characteristic property -
7.
density -
8.
state of matter -
9.
solid -
10. liquid -
11.
gas -
12. vapor –
13. Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter -
14. physical change –
15. change of state (phase change) –
16. phase diagram -
17. phase field -
18. phase boundary -
19. triple point -
20. critical point –
21. chemical change / chemical reaction –
22. Law of conservation of mass -
23. mixture -
24. heterogeneous mixture -
25. homogeneous mixture -
26. solution –
27.
solute-
28.
solvent –
29.
concentration –
30.
percent by mass -
31. alloy -
32. pure substance -
33. element -
34. allotrope –
35. compound -
36. filtration -
37. distillation -
38. chromatography -
39. centrifuge –
40. fractional crystallization –
Atomic Structure Vocabulary (Ch. 4-3)
Content Learning Objectives:
1) Explain the role of atomic number in determining the identity of an atom.
2) Define an isotope and explain why average atomic masses are not whole numbers.
3) Calculate the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons in an atom given its mass
number and atomic number.
1) element 2) atom 3) proton 4) electron 5) neutron 6) nucleus 7) atomic number 8) isotope 9) mass number-
10) atomic mass unit-
11) average atomic mass-
12) mass spectrometer –
Atomic Structure and Atomic Theory Vocabulary (Ch. 4.1, 4.2, 4.4)
1) Democritus 2) Aristotle 3) Law of Conservation of Mass 4) Law of Definite Proportions (Constant Composition) (3.4) 5) Law of Multiple Proportions (3.4) 6) Dalton’s Atomic Theory –
7) atom 8) element 9) cathode ray 10) electron –
11) Thomson’s Plum Pudding model of the atom –
12) alpha particle 13) nucleus –
14) Rutherford’s nuclear model of the atom 15) proton 16) neutron –
17) nuclear reaction 18) radioactivity –
19) radioisotopes 20) radiation –
21) alpha radiation 22) alpha particle –
23) beta radiation 24) beta particle 25) gamma radiation (rays) –
26) gamma particles –
27) nuclear reaction –
28) nuclear equation –
29) radioactive decay 30) transmutation -
Chapter 5 Vocabulary
1) electromagnetic radiation –
2) electromagnetic spectrum -
3) wavelength -
4) frequency -
5) amplitude -
6) speed of light equation -
7) Planck’s equation -
8) quantum (quantized energy) -
9) photoelectric effect -
10) photon -
11) atomic (bright-line) emission spectrum –
12) spectroscope -
13) Bohr’s energy level model of the atom -
14) principal energy levels -
15) ground state -
16) excited state --
17) electron cloud or orbital (energy sublevel) -
18) Quantum mechanical model of the atom –
19) duality principle -
20) Heisenberg uncertainty principle –
21) Schrodinger wave equation –
22) Quantum numbers –
Principal Quantum number (n) Azimuthal Quantum number (l) Magnetic Quantum number (ml) Spin Quantum number (ms) 23) Pauli Exclusion Principle –
24) Orbital filling diagram –
25) Aufbau Principle –
26) Hund’s Rule –
27) Electron configuration –
28) Noble-gas core notation –
Chapter 6-7 Vocabulary List (The Periodic Table and Periodic Law)
1. Group/Family -
2. Period -
3. Representative elements (Main-Block elements) -
4. Alkali metals -
5. Alkaline earth metals -
6. Transition Metals -
7. Halogens –
8. Noble (Inert) Gases -
9. Inner transition metals -
10. Lanthanide series -
11. Actinide series -
12. Dimitri Mendeleev -
13. Periodic Law (Periodicity) -
14. Valence electrons -
15. Electron dot diagram (structure) –
16. Ion -
17. Cation -
18. Anion -
19. Octet Rule -
20. Duet Rule –
21. Effective nuclear charge (Zeff)
22. Shielding effect -
23. Atomic radius -
24. Ionic Radius -
25. Ionization energy –
26. Electron affinity -
27. Electronegativity -
28. Isoelectronic series -
Formation of the Elements Vocabulary List
1) Universe 2) Galaxy 3) Star 4) Solar System 5) Supernova 6) Big Bang Theory 7) Big Bang nucleosynthesis 8) Stellar nucleosynthesis 9) Supernova nucleosynthesis –
10) Nuclear reaction –
11)
Radioactive decay -
12) Transmutation 13) Nuclear equation 14) Nuclear fusion 15) Nuclear fission –
16) Alpha radiation (particle) –
17) Beta radiation (particle) –
18) Gamma radiation (particle/waves) 19) Nuclear bullet 20) Neutrino 21) Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram 22) Main Sequence Stars 23) Neutron Star 24) Black Hole 25) White Dwarf26) Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation -
Vocabulary List for the Mole Concept (Chapter 11)
1) Mole (11.1) –
2) Avogadro’s number (11.1) -
3) Relative (average) atomic mass (Ar) (4.3) -
4) Relative molecular mass (Mr) –
5) Molar mass (11.2) –
6) Mass-mole ratio -
7) Representative Particles (11.1) –
8) Atom (11.1) -
9) Ion (11.1) -
10) Molecule (11.1) -
11) Formula unit (11.1) –
12) Mole-mole ratio -
Vocabulary for Unit on Ionic and Metallic Bonding (Chapter 8)
1.
chemical bond -
2. chemical potential energy 3. bond energy 4. cation 5. anion 6. ionic bond 7. lattice energy 8. ionic compound 9. salt 10. electrolyte 11. crystalline (crystal lattice structure) 12. unit cell 13. formula unit 14. monatomic ion 15. polyatomic ion 16. binary ionic compound 17. polyatomic ionic compound 18. Stock System of Naming Ionic Compounds 19. percent composition by mass (11.4) 20. empirical formula (11.4) –
21. hydrate (11.5) 22. electron sea model 23. delocalized electrons 24. metallic bond 25. alloy -
Chapter 9 Vocabulary
Covalent Bonding and Covalent Substances (Chapter 9)
1) valence electrons 2) covalent bond –
3) molecule 4) covalent (molecular) compound –
5) binary covalent (molecular) compound –
6) System of Prefixes naming system 7) Lewis Structure (electron dot structure) 8) shared pair (bonded pair) –
9) unshared pair (unbonded or lone pair) –
10) single covalent bond 11) double covalent bond 12) triple covalent bond –
13) coordinate covalent (dative) bond 14) resonance hybrid structures –
15) Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR) –
16) negative charge centres (electron clouds) 17) electron cloud geometry 18) molecular geometry (molecular shape) 19) linear 20) trigonal (triangular) planar 21) trigonal (triangular) pyramidal 22) tetrahedral 23) bent or angular or V-shaped -
24) bond angle 25) bond length 26) bond dissociation energy (bond enthalpy) 27) electronegativity 28) non-polar covalent bond 29) polar covalent bond 30) non-polar molecule 31) polar molecule 32) dipole –
33) resultant dipole 34) intramolecular forces 35) intermolecular forces 36) Van der Waals’ or London dispersion forces 37) dipole-dipole forces 38) hydrogen bonds 39) empirical formula (11.4) 40) molecular formula (11.4) –
Chapter 10 Vocabulary
Chemical Reactions
1)
chemical reaction -
2)
reactants -
3)
products –
4)
yield sign -
5)
coefficients -
6)
subscripts –
7)
skeleton equation -
8)
endothermic reaction -
9)
exothermic reaction -
10) system 11) surroundings 12) entropy –
13) bond enthalpy (bond dissociation energy) 14) enthalpy of reaction 15) Law of Conservation of Mass 16) (s) 17) (l) 18) (g) 19) (aq) 20) combustion reaction 21) synthesis reaction 22) decomposition reaction 23) single replacement (displacement) reaction 24) double replacement (displacement) reaction 25) acid-base (water-forming) reaction –
26) activity series 27) precipitate 28) solubility rules -
Chapter 12 Vocabulary List
Stoichiometry
1. molar mass -
2. Avogadro’s number -
3. dimensional analysis -
4. stoichiometry –
5. mole-mole stoichiometry problem -
6. mole-mass (mass-mole) stoichiometry problem -
7. mass-mass stoichiometry problem -
8. theoretical yield vs. actual yield -
9. percent yield -
10. molar volume of a gas -
11. limiting reactant –
12. molarity -
13. titration –
14. gravimetric analysis -
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