Download Hawaiian Islands Phenomenon

Hawaiian Islands Phenomenon
• What patterns do you
notice among the islands?
• What events could have
caused the formation of
these landforms?
Guiding Question: How did the Hawaiian islands form?
NOTES: Plate
Tectonics
How do rock layers form?
Geology
• The study of the Earth’s
physical structure, the
rocks of which it is
composed, and the
processes by which they
change
Why Evolutionists Study Geology
• The history and evolution of life and our climate, comes from the study of
the geologic record
• It includes the study of fossil life and physical changes to the Earth
• Changes include: movements of continents; formation and reconfiguration of
ocean basins; growth of mountain ranges; erosion and redistribution of
sediments; changes in surface environments; and changes in climate over time
Layers of Earth
• Three major concentric zones of the
earth
• Core: solid iron inner core and liquid
iron outer core
• Mantle: rocky shell some is solid other
is plastic (flowing)
• Including the asthenosphere (uppermost
layer containing only mantle)
• Crust
• Continental crust
• Oceanic crust: 71% of crust
Major Features of Earth’s Crust and Upper Mantle
The Earth Beneath Your Feet Is Moving!!
• Convection cells, or currents:
movement of mantle
• Tectonic Plates: large, moving
pieces of lithosphere
• Lithosphere: outermost rigid
shell of the Earth
The Earth’s Major Tectonic Plates
The Earth Beneath Your Feet Is Moving!!
• Three types of boundaries between plates
• Transform Plates: Lateral sliding
• Effect: lithosphere neither created nor
destroyed
• Ex: Continental Margins
• Divergent plates: Spreading
• Effect: oceanic lithosphere created
• Ex: Oceanic ridge
• Convergent plates: Subduction
• Effect: oceanic lithosphere destroyed
• Ex: Trench
Where do we find the different boundaries?
The Earth Beneath Your Feet Is Moving!!
Ex: Transform fault; e.g.,
California San Andreas fault