Download Physics Second Semester 2013 Review - Parkway C-2

Physics Second Semester 2013 Review
True/False -- Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
1. Tycho Brahe was a Danish astronomer who confirmed Copernicus’s theories by making many observations with
his telescope.
2. Torque is a measure of how effectively a force causes angular acceleration..
3. Like charges repel, whereas opposite charges attract.
4. Electric charges exist within atoms.
5. Charges added to a conductor quickly spread over the surface of the object.
6. The direction of the force on a positive test charge near another positive charge is away from the other charge.
7. Field lines do not actually exist, they are simply a means of providing a model of an electric field.
8. Electric potential difference is the change in kinetic energy per unit charge in an electric field.
9. A resistor is a device that controls current in electric circuits.
10. A series connection is a type of electric circuit in which there are multiple paths.
11. The speed of a wave depends on the medium through which it travels and the amount of energy it carries.
12. A moving source tends to compress the sound waves in the direction it is moving.
13. The additive primary colors are red, green, and blue, while subtractive primary colors are blue, red and yellow.
14. The angle at which a light ray reflects off a smooth surface depends on its wavelength.
15. Convex mirrors can produce both real and virtual images.
16. The angle of incidence of a light ray on a concave mirror is the same as the angle of reflection of that light ray.
Multiple Choice -- Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
17. Kepler’s first law states that
a. the orbits of the planets are elliptical.
b. the speed of a planet’s orbit varies depending on which part of the ellipse it is occupying.
c. the square of the ratio of the periods of any two planets revolving around the Sun is equal
to the cube of the ratio of their average distance from the Sun.
d. objects attract other objects with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their
masses, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
18. Kepler’s second law states that
a. the orbits of the planets are elliptical.
b. the speed of a planet’s orbit varies depending on which part of the ellipse it is occupying.
c. the square of the ratio of the periods of any two planets revolving around the Sun is equal
to the cube of the ratio of their average distance from the Sun.
d. objects attract other objects with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their
masses, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
19. Kepler’s third law states that
a. the orbits of the planets are elliptical.
b. the speed of a planet’s orbit varies depending on which part of the ellipse it is occupying.
c. the square of the ratio of the periods of any two planets revolving around the Sun is equal
to the cube of the ratio of their average distance from the Sun.
d. objects attract other objects with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their
masses, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
20. Newton’s law of universal gravitation states that
a. the orbits of the planets are elliptical.
b. the speed of a planet’s orbit varies depending on which part of the ellipse it is occupying.
c. the square of the ratio of the periods of any two planets revolving around the Sun is equal
to the cube of the ratio of their average distance from the Sun.
d. objects attract other objects with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their
masses, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
21. The relationship between linear velocity and angular velocity is given by:
a. v = d/t
c. v = r
b. a = r
d. d = r
22. The angular velocity of an object, , is given by:
a.  = /t
c. d = r
b.  = /t
d. v = r
23. Three rods of different materials P, Q, and R, are charged by various methods. When the rods are brought near
each other, the rods P and Q repel each other, while the rods P and R attract each other.
Which of the following could be the signs of the charges on the rods?
Rod P
Rod Q
Rod R
a.
–
+
–
+
–
–
–
–
–
b.
–
c.
+
d.
–
24. Metals contain _____ electrons; rubber has _____ electrons.
a. bound, free
c. excess, insufficient
b. free, bound
d. insufficient, excess
25. What change is observed in the strength of an electric field around a charged object if the magnitude of the test
charge is doubled?
a. Electric field is doubled.
b. Electric field is halved.
c. Electric field remains unchanged.
d. Electric field reduces to one-fourth of the original value.
26. _____ are not valid units for the measurement of electric potential difference.
a. V
c. N m/C
b. J/C
d. C/J
27. A/An _____ is a unit equal to one joule per coulomb.
a. volt
c. capacitance
b. capacitor
d. electric field line
28. How much energy does it require to move a constant positive charge of 2 C through a potential difference of 3 V?
a. 6 J
c. 1.5 J
b. 0 J
d. 3 J
29. A lamp draws a current of 0.50 A when it is connected to a 120 V source? What is the resistance of the lamp?
a. 4.17 10-2 ohms
c. 2.4 102 ohms
b. 60 ohms
d. 24 102 ohms
30. The flow of electric charge or current equal to one coulomb per second is a/an _____.
a. ampere
c. ohm
b. kilowatt hour
d. volt
31. If a resistor is added to a series circuit, the equivalent resistance:
a. increases
c. remains the same
b. decreases
d. becomes zero
32. Drawing a ray diagram for an object far from convex lens requires how many rays?
a. one
c. three
b. two
d. four
33. The constant “n” in Snell’s Law of Refraction depends upon
a. the angles of incidence
c. the angles of refraction
b. the materials involved
d. the wavelength of light
34. Which color of light is produced by mixing green light and blue light?
a. white light
c. magenta light
b. yellow light
d. cyan light
Problem -- Show your work for full credit.
35. Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, has a mean orbital radius of 1.22109 m. The orbital period of Titan is 15.95
days. Hyperion, another moon of Saturn, orbits at a mean radius of 1.48109 m. Use Kepler’s third law of
planetary motion to predict the orbital period of Hyperion in days.
36. Two metal spheres, each weighing 24.0 kg are placed 0.0500 m apart. Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational
force the two spheres exert on each other.
37. A computer disk drive optimizes the data transfer rate by rotating the disk at a constant angular speed of 34.1 rad/s
while it is being read. When the computer is searching for one of your files, the disk spins for 0.892 s.
a.
What is the angular displacement of the disk during this time?
b.
Through how many revolutions does the disk turn during this time?
38. In order for a bolt to be tightened, a torque of 45.0 N·m is needed. You use a 0.341-m long wrench, and you exert a
maximum force of 189 N at an angle as shown below. What is the smallest angle, with respect to the wrench, at
which you can exert this force and still tighten the bolt?
39. Chloe, whose mass is 56 kg, sits 1.2 m from the center of a seesaw. Josh, whose mass is 84 kg, wants to balance
Chloe. Where on the seesaw should Josh sit?
40. Two identical positive charges separated by 12.5 cm exert a repulsive force of 1.24 N on each other. What is the
magnitude of the charges?
41. Three charged particles are placed in a line, as shown in the figure below.
a.
b.
Find the magnitude and direction of the force on particle A.
Find the magnitude and direction of the force on particle B.
42. A test charge of –3.00 C is placed in an electric field of 121 N/C, as shown in the figure below. What are the
magnitude and direction of the force on the test charge?
43. A circuit is set up as shown in the diagram below.
a.
b.
c.
d.
What should the reading on the ammeter be?
What should the reading on the voltmeter be?
How much power is delivered to the resistor?
How much energy is delivered to the resistor per hour?
44. Three 15.0- resistors are connected in parallel to a 45.0-V power source.
a.
What is the equivalent resistance of the circuit?
b.
What is the current in the circuit?
c.
What is the current through each resistor?
45. A spring stretches by 25.0 cm when a 0.500-kg mass is suspended from its end.
a.
Determine the spring constant.
b.
How much elastic potential energy is stored in the spring when it is stretched this far?
46. Sonya hears water dripping from the eaves of the house onto a porch roof. She counts 30 drops in 1.0 min.
a.
What is the frequency of the drops?
b.
What is the period of the drops?
47. What magnitude force will compress a spring so that the spring elastic potential increases by 0.24 J? The spring
constant is 18 N/cm.
48. Antennas are designed to be as long as the wavelengths they are intended to receive. An amateur radio operator
sets up an antenna line in his backyard in order to receive a signal from across the country. What length should this
antenna line be to receive a signal of 3.0102 Hz?
49. The primary colors are red, yellow, and blue. Based on the wavelengths below, calculate the range of frequencies
for each color of light.
a.
blue: 455–492 nm
b.
yellow: 577–597 nm
c.
red: 622–780 nm
50. A light ray strikes a plane mirror at an angle of 23° to the normal. Find the angle of reflection for each of the
following scenarios.
a.
The light source moves so that the angle of incidence decreases by 11°.
b.
The light source moves so that the angle of incidence increases by 29°.
c.
The mirror rotates 20.0° around the point where the beam strikes the mirror so that
51. An object is 10.0 cm from a concave mirror with a focal length of 7.00 cm. The object is 5.00 cm tall.
a.
What is the image position?
b.
c.
What is the magnification of the image?
What is the image height?
52. An image in a concave mirror has a position of 18.0 cm, and its object has a position of 15.0 cm. What is the focal
length of the mirror?
53. In a convex mirror, a 15.0-cm-tall object forms a 7.5-cm-tall image. What is the object distance if the image is
located at –8.00 cm?
54. Light has a speed of 2.00108 m/s in clear acrylic.
a.
What is the index of refraction of clear acrylic?
b.
What is the wavelength of yellow light ( = 589 nm) in clear acrylic?
c.
A beam of light traveling through air strikes a block of clear acrylic at an angle of 29° to the normal. At
what angle does the light enter the block of clear acrylic?
55. A student views a friend through a concave lens. The friend is 1.83 m tall and stands 5.00 m from the student with
the lens. If the focal length of the lens is 1.00 m, how tall is the virtual image of the friend?
56. A certain laser emits light with a wavelength of 696 nm. The laser is directed at a double slit and a screen is placed
0.900 m from the slits. The first-order bright line appears 36.5 mm from the central bright line. What is the
distance between the slits?
57. A single-slit diffraction experiment is set up using a slit with a width of 10.0 cm. The screen is placed 0.900 cm
from the slit and the distance from the central bright band to the first dark line is 0.55 cm. What is the wavelength
of the light used?
Physics Second Semester 2013 Review
Answer Section
TRUE/FALSE
1. F
Tycho Brahe was a Danish astronomer who confirmed Copernicus’s theories by making many observations;
however, he did not use a telescope. He used an astrolabe and a sextant.
2. T
3. T
Charges repel each other if they have the same sign, and attract each other if they have different signs.
4. T
Electrons and protons are the electrically charged particles found inside of atoms.
5. T
Charges are free to move on a conductor.
6. T
Like charges repel.
7. T
Field lines represent electric fields just as vectors represent forces.
8. F
Electric potential difference is the change in potential energy per unit charge in an electric field.
9. T
A resistor reduces the electric current through a circuit.
10. F
A series connection is a type of electric circuit with only one path.
11. F
The speed of a wave depends only on the medium through which it travels.
12. T
Sound waves get compressed in front of a moving source.
13. F
The additive primary colors are red, green, and blue, while subtractive primary colors are cyan, magenta, and
yellow.
14. F
The angle at which a light ray reflects off a smooth surface depends only on its angle of incidence.
15. F
Convex mirrors can only produce virtual images.
16. T
The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
17. A
Kepler’s first law states that planets travel in elliptical orbits.
18. B
Kepler’s second law states that planets speed up as they come nearer to the Sun and slow down as they move
farther from the Sun.
19. C
Kepler’s third law gives the relationship between the average orbital radius and the period of a planet.
20. D
According to Newton’s law of universal gravitation, all masses in the universe attract all other masses in the
universe.
21. C
The linear velocity of an object equals the radius of revolution of that object multiplied by the velocity acceleration
of that object.
22. B
The angular velocity of an object is defined as the angular displacement of that object per unit time.
23. C
If objects are similarly charged, the force between them is repulsive. However, if the objects are oppositely
charged, the force between them is attractive.
24. B
Metals are conductors. Rubber is an insulator.
25. C
Changing the magnitude of a test charge does not affect the electric field strength at the same location.
26. D
Electric potential difference is measured in units of energy per charge.
27. A
A volt is a unit of electric potential.
28. A
29. C
30. A
1 A = 1 C/s
31. A
The equivalent resistance increases if a resistor is added to a series circuit.
32. B
33. B
34. D
Cyan light is produced by mixing green light and blue light.
PROBLEM
35.
36.
37.
38.
39. net = 0
To balance, torques must be equal and opposite in direction.
Josh should sit 0.80 m from the center of the seesaw, on the opposite side from Chloe.
40.
41.
42.
(Charge is negative and will thus experience a force in the opposite direction as the electric field lines.)
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50. a. i = r
(23° – 11°) = r
r = 12°
b. i = r
(23° + 29°) = r
r = 52°
51.
52.
53.
54.
a.
b.
c.
55.
56.
57.