Download Reading Guide Chapters 1-3

Zumdahl Ch 1-3 Reading Guide
Name:_________________________
Section 1.2
1. Explain the difference between theory and hypothesis.
Section 1.3
2. Fill in the following chart using Table 1.2:
nano
(n)
micro ()
milli (m)
centi
(c)
deci (d)
Base
deka
(da)
hecto
(h)
kilo (k)
1
100
3. What types of units can be base units?
Section 1.4
4. Look at the following set of data a student obtained after measuring the mass of an
object during 3 trials:
6.293 g, 6.294 g, 6.295 g
The true value of the object’s mass is 5.550 g. Describe the data using the terms
accuracy, precision, random error, and systematic error.
Section 1.5
5. Summarize the Rules for Counting Significant Figures.
Section 1.6
6. Look at Example 1.7 on pg 19. Write and perform their calculations in a more
efficient way. Read the blue text in the bottom left corner. Following these rules did
you get the same answer?
Zumdahl Ch 1-3 Reading Guide
Name:_________________________
Section 1.7
7. What is the equation used for calculating between Kelvin and Celsius? Between
Fahrenheit and Celsius?
Section 1.8
8. What is the equation for density?
Section 1.9
9. Fill in the chart below using the terms, examples, and definitions.
Terms: homogeneous, matter, element, pure substance, heterogeneous,
compound, mixture
Examples: air, water, iron, cheeseburgers
Term:
Definition:
Term:
Term:
Definition:
Definition:
Term:
Definition:
Term:
Definition:
Example:
Example:
Term:
Definition:
Term:
Definition:
Example:
Example:
10. Describe the difference between chemical and physical changes.
Zumdahl Ch 1-3 Reading Guide
Name:_________________________
11. Describe 3 different methods of separating mixtures.
Section 2.2
12. Explain the Law of Conservation of Mass.
13. Explain the difference between the Law of Definite Proportions and the Law of
Multiple Proportions.
Section 2.3
14. Summarize the 4 tenets of Dalton’s Atomic Theory.
15. What are the seven elements that occur as diatomic molecules?
Section 2.5
16. Look at Figure 2.15. Using the terms protons, neutrons, electrons, isotopes,
atomic number and mass number explain the two atoms depicted.
Zumdahl Ch 1-3 Reading Guide
Name:_________________________
Section 2.6
17. Explain the difference between covalent and ionic bonds.
Section 2.7
18. Describe some characteristics of metals and nonmetals. Include physical and
chemical properties.
19. Briefly describe 4 groups on the periodic t able.
Section 2.8
20. Using the rules found in your book, complete Examples 2.3-2.9. Check your answers.
You should be able to go between name and formula while groggy and half awake.
21. Take a look at Table 2.5. Expect to know these. Bookmark this page. Make flashcards.
Use them. Review them. Know them backwards and forwards. Get it done.
Section 3.2
22. What kind of data does a mass spectrometer collect?
23. Why are atomic masses averaged? Explain how to correctly average atomic masses.
Zumdahl Ch 1-3 Reading Guide
Name:_________________________
24. Look at Figure 3.2c. What do the different bars in the graph depict?
Section 3.3
25. What is Avogadro’s Number? When is this number used?
Section 3.4
26. Calculate the molar mass of the amino acid lysine, C6H14N2O2.
Section 3.6
27. Calculate the percent composition of lysine.
Section 3.7
28. A sample of Vitamin C was found to contain 40.91g of carbon, 4.59 g of hydrogen,
and 54.50g of oxygen. The molar mass is 176.14 g/mol. Determine the empirical and
molecular formulas of Vitamin C.
Zumdahl Ch 1-3 Reading Guide
Name:_________________________
Section 3.8
29. What are reactants and products? What do (s), (l), (g), and (aq) mean?
Section 3.10
30. Vitamin C (formula you found above) combusts in oxygen to form carbon dioxide
and water. Write this balanced chemical reaction.
Section 3.11
31. If 6.72 g of Vitamin C combusts in 15.98 g of oxygen (according to the reaction you
wrote above), determine the limiting reactant, reactant in excess, and theoretical
yield of carbon dioxide.