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SKELETAL SYSTEM DEM BONES DEM BONES…DEM DRY BONES WHAT IS THE SKELETAL SYSTEM? Made of Bones and Cartilage Functions: 1. Support 2. Movement 3. Protection 4. Produce blood cells 5. Stores minerals and fat BONE & CARTILAGE– PG 61 Bone – the most rigid connective tissue • Made of minerals, primarily calcium deposited around protein fibers • This gives strength and elasticity Cartilage – flexible connective tissue (3 types) • Hyaline – most common • • Ex. nose, trachea, at ends of long bones Elastic – most flexible • • Ex. outer ear Fibrocartilage – strongest to absorb shock • Ex. in the knee and between vertebrae CHECK OUT MICROSCOPE SLIDES! • Draw a picture of what you see under the microscope for a slide of bone. • Draw a picture of what you see under the microscope for a slide of cartilage. ANATOMY OF A LONG BONE Periosteum – tough, fibrous, connective tissue that surrounds the bone and anchors tendons and ligaments Epiphysis – the enlarged end of a bone Diaphysis – the long narrow part of the bone between the epiphyses ANATOMY OF A LONG BONE Medullary cavity – inside the diaphysis, contains yellow bone marrow Compact bone – dense bone surrounds medullary cavity Spongy bone – contains numerous bony bars and plates - red bone marrow is found between the holes of spongy bone THE SKELETON Axial skeleton – makes up the trunk/torso ex. skull, vertebrae, ribs Appendicular skeleton – makes up the limbs ex. arms, hands, legs, feet HOW MANY BONES ARE THERE???? 270 at birth… ….Fusing occurs… ~206 in adulthood AXIAL – SKULL (28 BONES) Head Bones: • Frontal • Parietal • Occipital • Temporal • Sphenoid • Ethmoid AXIAL - SKULL Facial bones: • Maxilla • Palatine • Zygomatic • Lacrimal • Nasal • Vomer • Nasal conchae • Mandible AXIAL - SKULL Inferior view AXIAL - SKULL Sagittal view AXIAL - SKULL Superior Open view AXIAL – INNER EAR Malleus – Hammer Incus – Anvil Stapes – Stirrup AXIAL – VERTEBRAE Posterior view (26) Anterior View Cervical vertebrae (7) Thoracic vertebrae (12) Lumbar vertebrae (5) Sacrum Coccyx AXIAL – VERTEBRAE AXIAL - VERTEBRAE Special vertebrae: C1 = Atlas C2 = Axis AXIAL - VERTEBRAE • Curvatures • • • • Cervical curvature Thoracic curvature Lumbar curvature Sacral curvature VERTEBRAL CONDITIONS • Slipped/Ruptured disc • Scoliosis • Lordiosis • Kyphosis AXIAL – RIB CAGE (24) Sternum True ribs – attach directly to sternum (7 pairs) False ribs – attach to cartilage of rib above (3 pairs) Floating ribs – do not attach (2 pairs) THE ODD BALL Hyoid bone –doesn’t articulate with another bone - Supports the tongue - Located in the neck above the larynx AXIAL SKELETON TOTAL (80) APPENDICULAR – ARM • Clavicle • Scapula • Humerus • Ulna • Radius (10) APPENDICULAR - ARM • Clavicle • Scapula • Humerus • Ulna • Radius APPENDICULAR - ARM • Clavicle • Scapula • Humerus • Ulna • Radius APPENDICULAR - ARM • Clavicle • Scapula • Humerus • Ulna • Radius APPENDICULAR - ARM • Clavicle • Scapula • Humerus • Ulna • Radius APPENDICULAR – HAND • Phalanges (fingers) • Metacarpals (hand) • Carpals (wrist) (54) APPENDICULAR - HAND • Carpals • • • • • • • • Hamate Capitate Trapezoid Trapezium Scaphoid Lunate Triquetral Pisiform APPENDICULAR – HAND (54) APPENDICULAR – LEG (10) • Pelvis • Femur • Patella • Tibia • Fibula APPENDICULAR – LEG • Pelvis • Femur • Patella • Tibia • Fibula APPENDICULAR – LEG • Pelvis • Femur • Patella • Tibia • Fibula APPENDICULAR – LEG • Pelvis • Femur • Patella • Tibia • Fibula APPENDICULAR – FOOT (52) • Phalanges (toes) • Metatarsals (foot) • Tarsals (heel/ankle) APPENDICULAR – FOOT • Tarsals • • • • • • • Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Cuboid Navicular Talus Calcaneus APPENDICULAR SKELETON TOTAL Axial skeleton = 80 Grand Total = 206 NOW YOU’RE AN EXPERT!!!
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