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The Five Major Religions Restrictions on Religion by the Governments of World Countries Christianity Judaism Islam Buddhism Hinduism Compare and contrast the elements of the five major world religions More than 730 Religions which have broken out into more than 4,200 branches Social Hostilities Involving Religion Learning about religions will help us understand each other better. If we understand each other better, we may be able to avoid conflicts and come to peaceful resolutions. http://www.cbsn ews.com/news/t wo-of-threekansas-city-areashooting-victimsweregrandfathergrandson/ Beginnings of Religions Religion by the Numbers Religion Distribution Christianity The early Hebrews who eventually developed into the Jewish religion became the foundation of Christianity. Jesus, or the Messiah, was a Jewish boy who disagreed with some of the Jewish principles of his day began to profess a new way of thinking. This eventually led to the beginning of the Christian religion. Christianity Christianity started about 2000 years ago about the same time of Jesus. The central point of Christian belief is that God, the Father, entered into human history as the Son, Jesus of Nazareth, and arose as the Holy Spirit. Christian Philosophy Monotheistic – One God who is the Creator of the universe. This one God is also thought of as the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Jesus is both fully man and fully God. He was born of the Virgin Mary , crucified, resurrected from the dead, and ascended to the Father. Christian Philosophy Sin and Evil are realities. The Bible is the Holy Book that records God's revelation. All believers are promised life everlasting. The leader of Christianity was Jesus, and the followers were his 12 disciples. Christian Denominations Catholic Protestant (Lutheran, Methodist, Baptist, Pentecostal, etc.) Orthodox Others (Latter Day Saints/Mormon, NonTrinitarian/Unitarian, etc.) What is _______? History Christianity Largest Monotheistic Religion Jesus was born 2,000 years ago. Christians are the followers of Jesus Christ religion with them as they People brought moved around the world. Beliefs Monotheism is the belief in one God Christians believe in the Trinity: father, son holy spirit. God is all powerful Believe Jesus died Sin on the cross. is to turn your back on God. , and Sacred Writings Christianity The Bible is a collection of sacred books and writings. Old & New Testaments Places of Worship (Spiritual Places) Churches: Share one way in which churches are decorated: Practices & Traditions A Sacrament is something you do to receive a blessing Holidays Altar, Cross, Pews, Statues Name another tradition of Christianity: Baptism, confirmation, communion, Prayer, Making sign of the cross Christmas is the Easter birth of Jesus Christ. is the holiest day of the Christian year. Judaism People who practice in the religion JUDAISM are called Jews. JUDAISM was the first to teach belief in only one God (Monotheistic). Two other important religions developed from Judaism: Christianity and Islam. Judaism Jews think that God will send a Messiah (a savior) to unite them and lead them in His way. Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah. The Jewish people do not agree; they anticipate the Messiah’s arrival in the future. Judaism teaches that death is not the end and that there is a world to come. Judaism The "Torah," the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, is the most important Jewish scripture. It contains the basic laws of Judaism. Another important book is the "Talmud," serving primarily as a guide to the civil and religious laws of Judaism. The Jewish house of worship is called a synagogue. Rabbis (spiritual leaders) conduct services, act as interpreters of Jewish laws, and deliver sermons. Today there are over 18 million followers of Judaism scattered throughout the world. A large number of those people live in the Jewish nation of Israel. Over six million live in the United States. Judaism Jewish Philosophy God is one and unique God is the creator God is lawgiver God is judge We have the obligation to worship The Torah is God's law The Messiah will come. What is _______? History Judaism First Monotheistic Religion Abraham lived over 4,000 years ago and is the _ father of a great nation. First religion to worship one god. Moses led the people out of Egypt to freedom. The ten commandments are the laws Jewish people. Anti-Semitism is the Israel Beliefs prejudice of the against Jews. was founded as a homeland for Jews. Hebrew language. Important to learn the Belief that Jews should live and act like God’s people. 10 Commandments are the rules to live by. Sacred Writings Places of Worship (Spiritual Places) Practices & Traditions Judaism Torah is The Jewish Laws/ how you should behave The Talmud is another sacred book. A Temple and synagogue are places of prayer and study. A Cantor sings or chants the prayers A rabbi means teacher; he/she leads the services. A light is always kept burning. The prayer shawl is called the tallit The Yarmulke is head covering Kosher is a way to prepare food. Tell what each holiday is: Rosh Hashanah- New Year- repent sins Yom Kippur- Atonement – make up for sins “fix it” Holidays Hanukkah- Victory in Israel – menorah Passover- Freed from slavery Islam ISLAM is the name given to the religion preached by the prophet Muhammad in the 600s A. D. Muslim is the name given to the people who practice the Islam religion The Islamic religion started in the area known as Palestine in the year 600AD. It has millions of followers, most of them in the region north and east of the Mediterranean Sea. Islamic Philosophy Allah, is the one Islamic God; Monotheistic Muslims learn that life on earth is a period of testing and preparation for the life to come. Angels record good and bad deeds. People should behave themselves and help others, trusting in Allah's justice and mercy for their reward. The holy book of Islam is the "Koran" or Quran. Muslims believe its words to be those of Allah himself, spoken to Muhammad by an angel. Muslims pray five times daily in their mosques (churches). While praying, they face the holy city of Mecca (in SaudiArabia) and sometimes kneel with faces to the ground. Islam Islam All Muslims are required to make a pilgrimage (trip to a sacred place) to Mecca at least once in their lifetime. Dome of the Rock It was completed in 691-692, making it the oldest existing Islamic building in the world. The Foundation Stone, is in the center. According to Islamic tradition, this rock is the spot from where Muhammad ascended to Heaven . According to Jewish tradition, the stone is the site where Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac. An Islamic shrine and major landmark located on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, Israel. What is _______? History Islam Monotheistic; Muslims are the people who practice Islam Muhammad is the spiritual messenger. Mecca is a city of great importance to the Muslim people. Palestine Country/land that was given to the Jews Arabic is the language of the Muslim religion. Beliefs Allah is the name of the Islamic God Muslims dress the same to show we are all equal in the eyes of God. Actions determine your after-life. Islam Sacred Qur’an (“Koran”) is written in Arabic Writings Mosque: Friday – holy day Places of Share some facts: Wash when enter; no shoes, boys & Worship girls apart, no statues or pictures (Spiritual Five pillars are duties a Muslim must perform: 1. Testimony of faith Places) 2. Pray times a day facing Mecca 5 poor 3. Give $$ to the Practices 4. FAST & 5. Trip to Mecca Traditions leads prayer. Imam No alcohol or pork Holidays is a holiday in which daytime fasting is Ramadan done for 1 month. Eid-al-Fitr exchanged. is a holiday to end the fasting. Gifts are Venn Diagram: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam •Jesus is divine •Trinity •Sacraments •Ordained Ministry •No Sacred Language •Church is Holy Building •Weekly Holy Day is Sunday •Salvation and Damnation •Recitation of Creed •Story of Jesus’ Life •Liturgical practice of breaking bread and wine •Ongoing revelation •One God- God of Abraham •Special Relationship with God •History of Ancient Hebrews •Importance of Prophets •Religion is Divided into groups •Prayer occurs during religious service •Services held in Holy Building •Jerusalem is Holy City •Arabic Sacred Language •Mecca Holy City •Muhammad Final Prophet •Koran is Holy Book •5 Pillars- To Attain Salvation •God is Allah •Mosque is Holy Building •Friday prayer •Hajj to Mecca •Dietary Laws •Fasting- Ramadan and Yom Kippur •Almsgiving •Sacred Language •Hebrew is Sacred Language •Canaan is Promised Land •God is Adonai •Synagogue is Holy Building •Holy Day is the Sabbath (Friday Night to Saturday Night) Jerusalem: Whose Holy City? Both groups claim this territory as their Holy Land. The name Jerusalem itself is part Arabic part Hebrew that means city of peace. Wailing wall = believed by many people to be the remains of one wall of a great Jewish temple, which was torn down by the Romans. Buddhism Founding person of Buddhism is Guatama, the Buddha The Dalai Lama is a Buddhist monk who remains the leader of the Tibetans. Buddhism Buddhism is a major religion in China, Japan, and Tibet. Buddhism is the second fastest growing religion. 488 million Buddhists worldwide* The Major Philosophy of Buddhism Love: without conditions Compassion: or feeling at one with the person who is suffering Sympathetic Joy:Celebrate the happiness of others, and do not resent their good fortune. Impartiality: Treat everyone equally, and do not use others for personal gain or to win approval. The Major Philosophy of Buddhism Buddhism states that existence is a continuing cycle of death and rebirth called reincarnation. Each person's position in life is determined by his or her behavior in the previous life. This is known as their "karma" (also a Hindu belief). What is _______? History Buddhism Polytheistic – Many Gods Guatama was a prince who started the religion and became the Buddha A Buddha is a god like figure who has reached enlightenment – left cycle of rebirth A Buddha has realized that sadness and suffering is caused by wanting Beliefs Dharma is the law of Buddhism. Reincarnation is the belief that when you die you are reborn again. The life form you take on is determined by your actions on Earth or your karma Nirvana is the place you go when you become a Buddha. Sacred Writings Places of Worship (Spiritual Places) Practices & Traditions Sutras Tripitaka Shrines in your home Temple Pagoda Share some facts: 1. Dharma wheels are used while praying. 2. Burn incense or candles, Buddha statues 3. Prayer Flags. Bodhi trees, lotus flowers Four NOBLE Truths: desire or wanting creates Show Compassion No Gossip No bullying Put others First – think, speak, act Dalai Lama is a spiritual leader. Monks shave their heads. Meditation is to free your mind of thought. Holidays O-bon : hang lanterns to guide spirits Vesak :Buddha’s birth, death, enlightenment. Hinduism HINDUISM is one of the world's oldest polytheistic religions. Over 2/3's of the world's Hindus live in India; large numbers reside in Africa also. Hindu Beliefs Hindus believe in many gods, numbering into the thousands. They recognize one supreme god called Brahman (the Absolute). Hindus believe in a continuous process of rebirth called "reincarnation." Hindu Beliefs At death, the Hindu's deeds (karma) determine what the next life will be. Followers work to break this cycle--birth, death, re-birth-- (referred to by writers as the "Wheel of Life") and gain release. The Hindu's soul then merges with Brahman in a condition of spiritual perfection (moksha). This is the goal of Hindus. Hinduism Hinduism has many sacred books, the oldest being a series called the "Vedas.“ Traditional Hindu society was divided into groups of four classes (or varnas). This was known as the "caste system." What is _______? History India practiced. Hinduism OLDEST; Polytheistic is the country where Hinduism is primarily Caste System divides people into classes and doesn’t allow them to cross the lines. Gandhi was a great leader who preached tolerance and nonviolence. Beliefs Brahman is the divine God. Vishnu and Shiva are also Gods. Cows are believed to be sacred eaten. and beef is not Moksha is when you have left the cycle of reincarnation (samsara). Sacred Writings Hinduism are written in the language of Sanskrit. Vedas Upanishads Temple called a Mandir. Share some facts: Places of Worship (Spiritual Places) Practices & Traditions No shoes; wash feet, bells, statues washed, Flowers, incense, candles Shrines can be found in a person’s home The forehead is marked with a bindi –dot- or tilak to: 1. Good Luck; be humble 2. Before prayer 3. Marriage Sacred River: Ganges Raksha Bandhan: Honor your siblings A Rakhi is a bracelet given to a sibling to show commitment. Holidays Divali ;festival of lights to honor Lakshmi the God of wealth & good fortune. Holi ;return of spring Religious Symbols Christianity Hinduism Buddhism Islam Judaism How much have you learned? Hopefully you understand religions better and we can avoid conflicts and come to peaceful resolutions. Focus on similarities not differences.