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Cells, the units of life Cells, the fundamental units of life BIO1109 Principles of Biology Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 1 09:41 Cell theory (1838) All living things are made of cells Cells are the smallest functional units of living things l All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division l l BIO1109 Principles of Biology Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 09:41 Types of cells l Prokaryote – DNA floats free in cytoplasm – No organelles (membrane bound compartments) l Eukaryote – DNA enclosed in a membrane bound nucleus – Organelles BIO1109 Principles of Biology Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. BIO1109 Principles of Biology 3 09:41 1 Cells, the units of life Common to both l l Plasma membrane Cytoplasm – Ribosomes & nuclear material Proteins Polar (hydrophilic) head Nonpolar (hydrophobic) head Nonpolar (hydrophobic) head Polar (hydrophilic) head BIO1109 Principles of Biology Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 4 09:41 Membranes are fluid Proteins BIO1109 Principles of Biology Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 5 09:41 Types of cell walls l l Prokaryotes - peptidoglycans Eukaryotes – Plants - cellulose – Animals - none – Fungi - chitin BIO1109 Principles of Biology Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. BIO1109 Principles of Biology 6 09:41 2 Cells, the units of life Bacteria (nonphotosynthetic) (nonphotosynthetic (nonphotosynthetic)) Prokaryote BIO1109 Principles of Biology Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 7 09:41 Bacteria (Photosynthetic) Prokaryote BIO1109 Principles of Biology Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 8 09:41 Eukaryote organelles Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus and lysosomes l Mitochondria and chloroplasts l l BIO1109 Principles of Biology Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. BIO1109 Principles of Biology 9 09:41 3 Cells, the units of life Eukaryote animal cell Polyribosome Nuclear pore Chromatin Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Actin filament Smooth ER Peroxisomes Vacuole Cytosol Golgi complex Rough ER Centrioles Mitochondria Lysosome Vesicle Microtubule Plasma membrane BIO1109 Principles of Biology 10 Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 09:41 Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Eukaryote plant cell Microtubules Nuclear pore Chromatin Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Central vacuole Chloroplast Ribosome Actin filaments Rough ER Smooth ER Plasma membrane Cell wall Cytosol Golgi complex Mitochondria Intracellular space BIO1109 Principles of Biology Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 11 09:41 Structure of the eukaryote nucleus BIO1109 Principles of Biology Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. BIO1109 Principles of Biology 12 09:41 4 Cells, the units of life Ribosomes l Prokaryotes l Eukaryotes – In cytoplasm – On membranes and in cytoplasm BIO1109 Principles of Biology Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 13 09:41 Rough endoplasmic reticulum BIO1109 Principles of Biology Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 14 09:41 Golgi complex (and Lysosomes) Lysosomes) BIO1109 Principles of Biology Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. BIO1109 Principles of Biology 15 09:41 5 Cells, the units of life Mitochondria BIO1109 Principles of Biology Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 16 09:41 Chloroplast BIO1109 Principles of Biology Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 17 09:41 Cytoskeleton BIO1109 Principles of Biology Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. BIO1109 Principles of Biology 18 09:41 6
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