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Genetics! Tuesday, March 17 Please take out your INB and your pencil , to take notes on page 184 Use your Colored pencils to enhance your notes The way we look and the traits we have, like being left handed or having brown eyes, comes from our genes. Who Are We? Genetics Genes are found on the chromosomes contained in our DNA. Humans have 46 chromosomes, 23 come from our mother and 23 from our father. Genetics Because of this, we are a true mix of both our parents. Genetics Certain traits are found in our genes. The way the genes line up and mix from our parents determines what traits a child will have. Genes are a code on our chromosomes for a certain trait Various forms of the same gene are called alleles DNA Combinations There are endless combinations of DNA which is why you don’t look exactly like your brother or sister. Each sibling has a different combination of their parents DNA Let’s talk about dominant vs. recessive http://safeshare.tv/w/GkONOGUrkY Dominant Traits Certain traits are more likely to appear generation after generation. The reason for this is because some traits are dominant A dominant trait is one that will mask another trait also found on the same gene Dominant Traits For example: The gene for hair color: If a child inherits the gene for brown hair from one parent and blond hair from the other parent, the child will most likely have brown hair because brown hair is dominant over the gene for blond hair. Other Dominant Traits Hairy Knuckles Rolled tongue Widows Peak Dimples Recessive Traits Other traits are known as recessive traits. A recessive trait is one that will only show if a child receives a recessive gene from both parents for a particular trait. Recessive Traits For example, the trait for color blindness: A child would have to receive the recessive gene for color blindness from both parents to have that trait (be color blind) Mom gene colorblind Child colorblind Dad gene colorblind Recessive Traits Hitchhikers Thumb Attached earlobes No Freckles Blue Eyes Dominant and Recessive Traits Next is a list of different traits that are either dominant or recessive. How many of these traits do you have? DOMINANT TRAITS RECESSIVE TRAITS eye coloring brown eyes grey, green, hazel, blue eyes vision farsightedness normal vision normal vision normal vision dark hair non-red hair curly hair full head of hair widow's peak dimples unattached earlobes freckles broad lips normal vision nearsightedness night blindness color blindness* blonde, light, red hair red hair straight hair baldness* normal hairline no dimples attached earlobes no freckles thin lips extra digits fused digits short digits fingers lack 1 joint limb dwarfing clubbed thumb double-jointedness immunity to poison ivy normal pigmented skin normal blood clotting normal hearing normal hearing and speaking normal- no PKU normal number normal digits normal digits normal joints normal proportion normal thumb normal joints susceptibility to poison ivy albinism hemophilia* congenital deafness deaf mutism phenylketonuria (PKU) hair facial features appendages other Who We Are? Let’s Review … http://safeshare.tv/w/gKVdjRMcCe http://safeshare.tv/w/gPOPjVuaym Let’s Review 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What gives us our characteristics? Where are our genes found? Why are we a true mix of our parents? Why don’t we look exactly like our siblings? When do recessive traits show up?
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