Download China`s Foreign Policy China`s Diplomacy Part I Formulation of

China’s Foreign Policy
• A Historic Review
From 1949 to 1950s
From the End of 1950s to 1970s
• China’s Diplomacy since Reform and Opening up
China-EU Relations
China’s Diplomacy
A Historic Review
Part I
Formulation of Foreign Policy of New China
From 1949 to 1950s
Chairman Mao’s Three Basic Lines
• The principle of “Starting anew”
“putting the house in order before inviting guests”
“leaning to one side”.
“Starting anew” and “putting the house in order
before inviting guests”
China renounced all the diplomatic relations the Kuomintang
Government had established with foreign countries;
• Reviewed all the treaties and agreements Old China had
concluded with foreign countries;
1
• Gradually cleared up the prerogatives and influence the
imperialist countries had in China;
• And established new diplomatic relations with other countries
on the basis of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial
integrity, and equality and mutual benefit.
“leaning to one side”
• China would lean to the side of socialism.
• During the War of Liberation in china, there emerged a sharp
confrontation between the socialist camp headed by the Soviet Union and
the imperialist camp headed by the United states on the international
scene.
• Thus the above-mentioned situation necessitated China’s allying with the
socialist countries.
The Basic Principles
• “The principle of the foreign policy of the People’s Republic of
China is protection of the independence, freedom, integrity of
territory and sovereignty of the country, upholding of lasting
international peace and friendly cooperation between the peoples
of all countries, and opposition to the imperialist policy of
aggression and war”.
Steps to Implement the Basic Principles
• In the early years after its birth, New China established
diplomatic relations with the USSR, other socialist countries and
some friendly countries.
2
the “Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual
During his visit to the Soviet Union in the winter of 1949, Chairmen Mao
Zedong suggested to Stalin that a new treaty be signed by the two
countries to replace the outdated Sino-Soviet Treaty.
• Premier Zhou Enlai led a Delegation to the Soviet Union for the
negotiations. On 14 February 1950, the two sides signed the “Sino-Soviet
Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and mutual Assistance” and other
agreements.
Remaining Independent While Being Allied with Soviet
Union
• Independence is the cornerstone of New China’s foreign policy.
Premier Zhou stressed that it was necessary to form an alliance with
USSR in order to resist the aggression and threat of USA but not at the
price of losing the independence of the Party and the country.
Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea
• After the outbreak of the Korean War, the United States
immediately dispatched its troops to invade Korea.
• Its Seventh Fleet into the Taiwan Strait and U.S. military aircraft
intruded into China’s airspace, bombed and strafed areas along
the Sino-Korean border.
• The Chinese Government and people resolutely opposed the U.S. armed
intervention in Korea and armed aggression against China’s Taiwan
Province.
• the Chinese People’s Volunteers crossed the Yalu River on 19 October
1950 and this marked the beginning of the Chinese people’s efforts to aid
Korea and resists U.S. aggression.
• The Korean Armistice talks formally got underway on 10 July 1951. The
Korean War became the first war in U.S. history it failed to win.
3
The Geneva Conference
• China played a positive role in solving the issues of Korea and
Indo-China.
The Asian-African Conference
• The Asian-African Conference, also known as the Bandung
Conference, was held in Bandung, Indonesia from 18 to 24
April, 1955.
• The conference was attended by 34 Asian and African countries.
• Premier Zhou’s speech won widespread acclaim among the
delegates of the participating countries.
• The Chinese Delegation advocated the principle of seeking
common ground while putting aside difference which not only
won the support of overwhelming number of delegates but also
laid the ground for the success of the Conference.
China’s Initiation of the Five Principles of Peaceful
Co-Existence
• Shortly after the birth of New China, Chairman Mao Zedong
stated on many occasions that China was ready to establish
diplomatic relations with all countries which are willing to
observe the principles of equality, mutual benefit and mutual
respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty.
• Premier Zhou Enlai met with members of the Indian
Government Delegation on 31 December 1953 where he put
forward for the first time the Five Principles of Peaceful CoExistence.
4
The Five Principles of Peaceful Existence
• Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and
sovereignty;
• Mutual non-aggression;
• Non-interference in each other’s internal affairs;
Equality and mutual benefit;
• Peaceful co-existence.
• The Asian-African Conference convened in Bandung, Indonesia in 1955
adopted Ten Principles for conducting international relations. This is a
continuation and development of the Five Principles of Peaceful CoExistence.
• The Five Principles of Peaceful Co-Existence have become the basic
norms in developing state to state relations transcending social systems
and ideologies.
Efforts to Secure Negotiations with USA
• In April, 1955, during the period of Bandung Conference, Premier Zhou
announced that Chinese people were friendly with the people in the
United States and Chinese government was willing to negotiate with the
US government.
• The sincerity of Chinese government opened the door to Sino-US
Ambassorial Talks later.
General Situation in 1950s
• By 1956, twenty-five countries had established diplomatic
relations with China.
• New China had made a good start in its international relations.
• And had laid sound foundations for further development of
China’s diplomacy.
5