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Name: BIOLOGY - CHAPTER 7 REVIEW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 . The basic unit of living things is called a/an . . . . The only structure that ALL cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, have in common is the . . . . A protein fiber that forms the cell's supporting network is the . . . . The first scientist who used the term "cell" was . . . . The only reason that modern microscopic magnification is NOT limited to 1000X is because of the invention of the . . . . Ribosomes are manufactured in the . . . . If liver cells' smooth endoplasmic reticulum are damaged by excess alcohol consumption, the liver cells lose their ability to . . . . The process of the plasma membrane pumping excess sodium out of a cell into an environment where there is a lower concentration of sodium is called . . . . The scientist who revolutionized the way biologists think about the evolutionary history of eukaryotes was . . . . The advantage that compound-light microscopes have over electron microscopes is that they . . . . The organelle that produces protein for a cell is the . . . . The organelle that is large in plant cells but small or even absent in animal cells is the . . . . The organelles called the "powerhouse of the cell" are the . . . . The type of microscope that can magnify thin slices of cells is a/an . . . . Large, complex cells that contain a nucleus are called . . . . Substances that move wastes and other materials through the plasma membrane are called . . . . Organelles that sweep food toward a paramecium's mouthlike opening are called . . . . The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called . . . . Cells like bacteria that lack membrane-bound organelles are called . . . . The central structure that defines the cell (controls its actions and contains DNA) is called the . . . 21 . A virus could easily invect a cell if not for the presence of . . . 22 . The spread of a drop of food coloring through a liquid is called . . . 23 . A pump located in a cell's plasma membrane transports what two substances across the membrane? 24 . What are the three principles of cell theory? 25 . A solution with a GREATER concentration of solutes on the outside of a cell compared to the concentration inside the cell is called . . . 26 . A solution with a LOWER concentration of solutes on the outside of a cell compared to the concentration inside the cell is called . . . 27 . A solution with the SAME concentration of solutes on the outside of a cell compared with the concentration inside the cell is called . . . 28 . Explain how a selectively permeable membrane works. 29 . What is the function of a cell's nucleus? 30 . What are the main differences between plant cells and animal cells? 31 . Why are nonpolar, fatty-acid "tails" in a cell's plasma membrane essential for creating a barrier between the cell's internal environment and its internal environment? 32 . How do the cytoskeleton, microtubules and microfilaments help support a cell's interior? 33 . How did scientific knowledge about the microscopic world advance during the 1500s and 1600s? 34 . Why do phosphate groups in the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane face toward the outside and the fatty acids face inward? 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 . What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis? . Which organelle creates energy for the cell? . Which organelle produces proteins? . Which organelle keeps unwanted substances from building up in the cell? . Which organelle contains the cell's DNA? . Which organelle stores cell materials (and sometimes moves it about)? . Which organelle controls cell division? . Which organelle acts as a distribution center for cell proteins? . Which organelle breaks down excess microtubules?