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Mathematical Notation acS a"S TqS S_T A4B A3B A−B A%B ≤ iff ≥ ≥! ¤ s.t. 1−1 — u q.e.d. ± /// |S| n [n] ‘ Œ Z 1 tr S a is an element of S a is a not an element of S T contains S S is contained in T S is a subset of T A union B A intersection B acA|a"B (a, b) | a c A, b c B For each or for all If and only if There exists There exists a unique Such that Such that One to one Empty set or null implies Indicates that a proof is complete Indicates that a proof is complete Indicates that a proof is complete Cardinality of the set S; that is, the number of elements in S {1, 2, 3, ..., n} {1, 2, 3, ..., n} Real numbers Positive intergers 1,2,3,... Integers ...-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,... contradiction contradiction Suppose