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D aisy H ill A nimal H ospital 2215 Center St. Ashland, OH 44805 419.289.VETS Toxic Ornamental and Garden Plants A poisonous plant is one that contains, in its entirety or in any of its parts, substances that even in relatively small quantities can cause varying degrees of disease or death. Various parts of a plant may be toxic: leaves, stems, fruits, seeds, roots, or even the whole plant. There is no uniform or universal test to recognize the degree of toxicity of a plant. With the advent of greenhouses and indoor cultivation, plants that were previously encountered only in the tropics or in Europe are now in or around our homes and exposed to our pets. No list of poisonous plants can ever be complete. Below are some of the more popular plants, arranged by common names. (Common names may refer to a variety of plants depending upon one's regional location.) Common Name Scientific Name Toxic Parts System Affected Alpenrose American ivy (see Virginia creeper) American mistletoe Apricot Azalea Bitter almond Black locust Rhododendron ferruginem Parthenocissus quinquifolia Flowers, leaves Gastroenteric Phoradendron flavescens Prunus armeniaca Azalea spp. Prunus dulcis var. amara Robinia pseudoacacia Gastroenteric Cyanide producers Gastroenteric Cyanide producers Gastroenteric, cardiac, neurologic Black nightshade Bluebonnets Bog bilberry Solanum nigrum Lupinus spp. Vaccinium uliginosum Boxwood or box Bulbous corydalis Buttercup (meadow) Buttercup (celery-leafed) Caladium (sometimes called Elephant's ear) Castor bean Cherry laurel Chinaberry Chinese evergreen Chinese primrose Chinese wisteria Christmas cherry Christmas rose Climbing lily Common bean Common privet Crocus Buxus semervirens Corydalis cava Ranunculus acris Ranunculus sceleratus Caladium spp. Berries Pits All parts Bark, leaves, especially seeds Bark, green growth, seeds probably, thorns = mechanical hazard All parts especially seeds Seeds Berries (very susceptible to a fine mold, which may be responsible for any toxicities) All parts, especially berries Bulb, usually All top growth All top growth Leaf, stem, stalk Ricinus communis Prunus laurocerasus Melia azedarach Aglaonema spp. Primula obconica Wisteria sinensis Solanum pseudocapsicum Helleborus niger Gloriosa superba Phaseolus vulgaris Ligustrum vulgare Crocus sativus / Colchicum autumnale Codiaeum variegatum Croton tiglium Zamia spp., Zamia floridana, Cycas revoluta Cyclamen purpurascens Narcissus pseudonarcissus Solanum nigrum or Atropa belladonna Dieffenbachia spp. All parts, especially seeds Pits or seeds Fruit Leaves Sap Seeds Berries Leaves, stems All parts Green, uncooked pods and tendrils All parts, especially berries Primarily bulbs Gastroenteric, neurologic Cyanide producer Neurologic Stomotis-glossitis Mainly dermatitis, slightly gastroenteric Hepatogenous Gastroenteric Cardiac, gastroenteric, neurologic Gastroenteric Gastroenteric, neurologic Gastroenteric, mild Gastroenteric, renal, cardiac Sap and stems Especially the seeds Seed especially, occasionally meal Dermatitis, mild (sap), stomatitis (stems) Gastroenteric, neurologic Hepatic Tuberous rhizomes and sap Primarily bulbs, but all of plant All parts Gastroenteric, neurologic, dermatitis Gastroenteric Gastroenteric Leaf, stem, stalk Stomatitis-glossitis Dracaena spp. Sambucus nigra Leaves All parts, especially berries, roots and sap All parts Gastroenteric Gastroenteric, mild cyanide producer Leaves, berries, stem, sap Cardiac Berries All parts, seeds especially Gastroenteric, mild; mild cyanide producer Cardiac Croton (variegated) Croton Cycad Cyclamen Daffodil Deadly nightshade Dieffenbachia or Motherin-law plant Dragon tree Elder Elephant's ear Euonymus False acacia (see Black locust) Firethorn Foxglove Alocasia spp., Colocasia antiquorum, Philodendron spp. Euonymus spp. Robina pseudoacacia Pyracantha coccinea Digitalis purpurea Gastroenteric Neurologic Neurologic, gastroenteric Mainly cardiac, gastroenteritis, neurologic Neurologic Gastroenteric, neurologic, renal Mainly gastroenteric, neurologic Stomatitis-glossitis Stomatitis-glossitis Common Name Scientific Name Toxic Parts System Affected Glory lily Golden chain Gloriosa superba Laburnum anagyroides Gastroenteric Gastroenteric, neurologic Golden pothos (potted ivy) Heavenly blues or Morning Glory Henbane Holly Hydrangea Epiprenum (Scindapsus) spp. Ipomoea purpurea Whole plany All parts, especially seeds, sap, and flowers All parts, leaves less so than other parts Seeds especially Hyoscyamus niger Ilex aquifolium Hydrangea macrophylla, H. quercifolia, H. arborescens Hedera helix Wisteria floribunda Solanum pseudocapsicum Whole plant Seeds especially All parts Neurologic (resembles atropine overdose) Gastroenteric, neurologic Gastroenteric (mild cyanide producer, no clinical signs associated with this), cardiac Gastroenteric, neurologic Gastroenteric Cestrum diurnum or Cestrum nocturnum Datura stramonium Berries (ripe and unripe) All parts, especially seeds Gastroenteric, Neurologic: (C. diurnum contains vitamin D) Neurologic (resembles atropine overdose) Clivia miniata Kalanchoe spp. Lantana camara Delphinium elatum Convallaria majalis Lycium barbarum, L. halimifolium, L. carolinianum Phoradendron flavescens Bulbs mostly Leaves Fruit Flowers and seeds Whole plant, especially bulbs Leaf, stem, stalk Gastroenteric Neurologic Gastroenteric, mildly cardiac Gastroenteric, cardiac, neurologic, death Cardiac, renal Neurologic, gastroenteric Aconitum napellus Datura stramonium All parts, especially seeds Gastroenteric, neurologic, cardiac, death Nandina domestica Nerium oleander Prunus persica Prunus domestica Euphorbia pulcherrima Foliage and berries All parts Seeds Seeds All parts, especially seeds Cyanide producers Cardiac Cyanide producers Cyanide producers Gastroenteric Papaver spp. Berries, stem, sap Potato Solanum tuberosum Purple flag iris Pyracantha (see Firethorn) Rhododendron Rhubarb Sansevieria, Snake plant Schefflera, Umbrella tree Sowbread (see Cyclamen) Spider plant, St. Bernard's lily Split-leaf philodendron Iris versicolor Pyracantha coccinea Rhododendron ferrugineum Rheum rhaponticum Sansevieria spp. Schefflera spp. Cyclamen purpurascens Chlorophytum spp. Edible tubers, bur green growth and sprouts are toxic; most top parts Bulbs Neurologic, secondary effects on respiratory Gastroenteric, cardiac Ivy (English) Japanese wisteria Jerusalem cherry (see Christmas cherry) Jessamines (day or night blooming) Jimson weed, moon trumpet, thornapple Kafir lily Kalanchoe, Air-plant Lantana Larkspur Lily of the valley Matrimony vine Mistletoe (see American mistletoe) Monkshood Moon trumpet (see Jimson weed) Morning Glory (see Heavenly blues) Mother-in-law plant (see Dieffenbachia) Nandina Oleander Peach Plum Poinsettia, Christmas flower Poppy Spurge laurel Star-of-Bethlehem Stinking iris Sweet pea Sweetheart vine Thornapple (see Jimson weed) Tobacco Tulip Umbrella tree (see Schefflera) Virginia creeper, American ivy Wild Rosemary Wolf's bane Wood laurel Woolly foxglove Yellow iris Yellow jessamine Yew Youpon holly Seeds or fruits Seeds Stomatitis-glossitis Neurologic Ipomoea purpurea Dieffenbachia spp. Gastroenteric All parts, especially seeds Leaves Leaves, flowers Leaves Gastroenteric Stomatitis-glossitis Gastroenteric, hemolytic Stomatitis-glossitis Leaves, plantlets Gastroenteric Philodendron spp., Monstera spp. Daphne laureola Ornithogalum umbellatum Iris foetidissima Lathyrus odoratus Philodendron spp. Datura stramonium All parts Stomatitis-glossitis All parts, especially fruits Bulbs Whole plant, all parts Folliage and seeds Leaves, stems, stalk Cardiac, gastroenteric, neurologic Gastroenteric, neurologic Gastroenteric, severe Neurologic Stomatitis-glossitis Nicotiana tabacum Tulipa spp. Schefflera spp. Leaves Bulbs Neurologic Gastroenteric, neurologic Parthenocissus quinquefolia Leaves, stems Stomatitis-glossitis Ledum palustre Aconitum vulparis Daphne laureola Digitalis lanata Iris pseudacorus Gelsemium sempervirens Taxus spp. Ilex vomitoria Essential oil contained in leaves All parts, especially seeds All parts, especially seeds Leaves (extremely bitter) Bulbs Berries and roots Foliage, bark, seeds Berries Gastroenteric, mild Gastroenteric, neurologic, cardiac, death Cardiac, gastroenteric, neurologic Cardiac Gastroenteric, neurologic Neurologic Cardiac, neurologic Gastroenteric
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