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An MR-Compatible Device
for Imaging the Lower
Extremity During Movement
and Under Load
Team Leader: Eric Bader
Communicator: Arinne Lyman
BSAC: Christopher Westphal
BWIG: Sarajane Stevens
Client: Professor Darryl Thelen
Advisor: Professor William Murphy
Overview
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Problem Statement
Motivation
Background
– Muscle Anatomy/Injury
– Gait Cycle
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Design Constraints
Previous Prototype
Preliminary Testing
Redesign
– Manufacturing
– Improvements
– Materials and Costs
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Future Work
References
http://www.neuroradiologie.ch/
images/photos/machine.jpg
Problem Statement
Most current muscle imaging techniques are static. New
dynamic imaging techniques can provide direct
measurements of biomechanical function. However,
measuring dynamic motion requires the use of a nonmagnetic device for loading or guiding the limb through
a desired, repeatable movement. Our initial intended
application is to use Cine-PC (Phase Contrast) imaging to
measure in-vivo musculotendon motion of the
hamstrings muscles during a stretch-shortening cycle.
Cine-PC requires multiple cycles of motion, necessitating
that the device guide the limb through a repeatable
motion at relatively low loads.
Motivation
Measure velocity of
muscle fibers around
scar tissue
 Prevent re-injury
 Tailor rehabilitation
programs
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Client stock image
Muscle Anatomy/Injury
3 separate muscles
 Pulled hamstring
-Eccentric contraction
 Scar tissue formation
 Affects muscle
performance
 Re-injury is common

http://www.harkema.u
cla.edu/hamstring.jpg
Gait Cycle
Interested in swing phase
 Eccentric contraction of hamstring at
late swing phase
 Muscle must change leg direction
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Adapted from http://206.211.148.195/gettingfunctional/handouts/handout1.pdf
Design Constraints
Provide repeatable, harmonic motion
 Same start/end points – bore size
 Compatible with trigger device
 Generate physiological load on
hamstring
 Simulate swing phase of running
 Support thigh – limit movement
 Non-metallic, non-ferrous materials

Previous Prototype
Previous Prototype
Achieved desired
inertial loads
 Bulky
 Slack in chain
 Difficulty adjusting
inertia disks
 Poor material
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Preliminary Testing
Validated inertial loading system
 Muscle active at end of lengthening
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Re-design
Close Up
Manufacturing
Mill
 Lathe
 Band and Table Saws
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Improvements
More compact
 Flexion of hip
 Closed loop design
 Accommodates both
legs
 Changing disks is
simpler
 Reduces lateral motion
 Increase gear ratio
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Materials and Costs
Description
10 tooth #35 plastic roller chain sprocket
36 tooth #35 plastic roller chain sprocket
#35 plastic roller chain
1.000 I.D. ball bearing
0.625 I.D. ball bearing - Spring
0.625 I.D. ball bearing - Fall
0.375 I.D. ball bearing
5/16" - 18 x 1" nylon hex bolt
5/16" - 18 x 1.5" nylon hex bolt
#10-24 x 1" nylon FH machine screw
Delrin blocks
HDPE sheet
Solid surface material
Qty
Price
2
1
10
1
2
2
1
1
1
20
-
$1.64
$4.05
$18.59
$3.60
$9.85
$3.56
$0.40
$0.45
$0.35
-
Line
Total
$3.28
$4.05
$18.59
$7.20
$19.70
$3.56
$0.40
$0.45
$7.00
-
Grand Total $64.23
Future Work
Design cycle triggering device
 Validation in motion capture lab
 Test in MRI – dynamic imaging
 Submit technote to journal
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References
1. Asakawa DS, Nayak KS, Blemker SS, Delp SL, Pauly JM, Nishimura DG, Gold GE. Real-time imaging of skeletal muscle velocity. Journal of
Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2003; 18:734-739.
2. Asakawa DS, Pappas GP, Blemker SS, Dracce JE, Delp SL. Cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging as a tool for quantification of
skeletal muscle motion. Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology. 2003; 7(4):287-295.
3. Asakawa DS, Blemker SS, Gold BE, Delp SL. In vivo motion of the rectus femoris muscle after tendon transfer surery. Journal of
Biomechanics. 2002; 35(8):1029-1037.
4. Asakawa DS, Pappas GP, Blemker SS, Drace JE, Delp SL. Cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging as a tool for quantification of
skeletal muscle motion. Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology. 2003; 7(4): 287-295.
5. Barance PJ, Williams GN, Novotny JE, Buchanan TS. A method for measurement of joint kinematics of 3-D geometric models with cine phase
contrast magnetic resonance imaging data. Journal of Biomechanical engineering. 2005; 127:829-837.
6. Barrancce P, Williams G, Sheehan FT, Buchanan TS. Measurement of tibiofemoral joint motion using CINE-Phase Contrast MRI.
7. Barrancce P, Williams G, Sheehan FT, Buchanan TS. Measurement of tibiofemoral joint motion using CINE-Phase Contrast MRI.
8. Fellows RA, Hill NA, MacIntyre NJ, Harrison MM, Ellis RE, Wilson DR. Repeatability of a novel technique for in vivo measurement of threedimensional patellar tracking using magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2005; 22: 145-153.
9. Komi PV. Stretch-shortening cycle: a powerful model to study normal and fatigued muscle. Journal of Biomechanics. 2000; 33:1197-1206.
10. Neu CP, Hull ML. Toward an MRI-based method to measure non-uniform cartilate deformation: an MRI-cyclic loading apparatus system
and steady-state cyclic displacement of articular cartilage under compressive loading. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. 2003;
125(2):180-188.
11. Pappas GP, Asakawa DS, Delp SL, Zajac FE, Drace JE. Nonuniform shortening in the biceps brachii during elbow flexion. Journal of Applied
Physiology. 2002; 92:2381-2389.
12. Patel VV, Hall K, Ries M, Lotz J, Ozhinsky E, Lindsey C, Lu Y, Majumdar S. A three-dimensional MRI analysis of knee kinematics. Journal of
Orthopedic Research. 2004; 22:283-292.
13. Patel VV, Hall K, Ries M, Lindsey C, Ozhinsky E, Lu Y, Majumdar S. Magnetic resonance imaging of patellofemoral kinematics with weightbearing. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2003; 85:2419-2424.
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15. Rebmann AJ, Rausch T, Shibanuma N, Sheehan FT. The precision of CINE-PC and Fast-PC sequences in measuring skeletal kinematics.
Proc. Intl. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med. 2001; 9: 83.
16. Rebmann AJ, Sheehan FT. Precise 3D skeletal kinematics using fast phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Magnetic
Resonance Imaging. 2003; 17: 206-213.
17. Sheehan FT, Drace JE. Quantitative MR measures if three-dimensional patellar kinematics as a research and diagnostic tool. Medicine and
Science in Sports and Exercise. 1999; 31(10): 1339-??.
18. Sheehan F, Zejac FE, Drace J. Imaging musculoskeletal function using dynamic MRI. Rehabilitation R&D Center Progress Report. 1996.
19. Thelen DG, Chumanov ES, Sherry MA, Heiderscheit BC. Neuromusculoskeletal models provice insights intot he mechanisms and
rehabilitation of hamstring strains. Exercise and Sports Science Reviews. 2006; 34(3): 135-141.
20. Vedi V, Williams A, Tennant SJ, Spouse E, Hunt DM, Gedroyc WMW. Meniscal movement: an in vivo study using dynamic MRI. British
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Questions?