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Page 227 #’s 1-7 1. In your notebook, match the description in column A with the correct term in column B. Description • the point where the optic nerve enters the retina • attitude of the image in a microscope • controls the size of the pupil • largest lens in a refracting telescope • path from the retina to the brain • corresponds to the film in a camera Item blind spot inverted iris Objective lens optic nerve retina 2. Describe how the distance between the object and the convex lens affects the characteristics of the image. (4) • With a convex lens, the size of the image becomes larger as the object moves closer to the lens. If the object is very close to the lens, then an upright, magnified and virtual image is formed. 3. Compare the structure and function of the eye of a mammal to the structure and function of the eyes of several different species. (4) • Answers will vary depending on what species you chose. 4. How are convex lenses and concave mirrors used in telescopes? (5) • There are two kinds of telescopes: refracting and reflecting. In a refracting telescope, light from a distant object is collected and focused by a convex lens called the objective lens. A second lens, called the eyepiece lens, works as a magnifying glass to enlarge the image. In a reflecting telescope, there is a concave mirror acting as the objective instead of a convex lens. This is called the objective mirror. The eyepiece lens stays the same. 5. Describe how convex lenses are used in microscopes. (5) • In a microscope, two convex lenses are used. One is called the objective lens and it produces an inverted, enlarged, and real image. The other convex lens, called the eyepiece, acts as a magnifying glass and produces a virtual, enlarged, and upright image of the real image. However, since the real image is inverted compared with the object, the virtual image is also inverted compared with the object. 6. Give some examples of how optical devices have furthered scientific knowledge. (5) • Microscopes have provided much knowledge about: cells and how they function bacteria and viruses how the strength and hardness of metals is affected by crystals. • Telescopes have provided much knowledge about: our sun and the objects in our solar system, such as planets, comets and asteroids different types of stars and their organization into galaxies 7. Look at the diagram on the right and explain how binoculars work. (5) • A pair of binoculars consists of two reflecting telescopes mounted side by side, one for each eye. Between each pair of lenses is a pair of prisms. The prisms allow the light rays to be reflected several times off their surfaces. Thus, the prisms greatly reduce the length of the binocular tubes, making them easier to carry.