Download The Qin dynasty

Game
Lesson #42
“List the policies and achievements of the emperor Shi Huangdi in unifying northern
China under the Qin dynasty.”
China Facts:
The Qin
dynasty
Break into pairs. Examine
each fact. Using the chart,
categorize each fact.
When you are finished,
play The Bell Game:
“Name that Theme!”
More advanced:
Categorize facts from your
textbook or the encyclopedia.
The Five Themes of Geography
1. Location
Exact location: What is the latitude and longitude?
Relative location: “It is north of such and such.”
2. Place
What’s it like in this place? Describe the characteristics!
Physical features: Natural (land, rivers, mountains, vegetation, climate).
Cultural features: Human (everything that is man-made!)
3. Interaction
How people interact with the environment = land, rivers, sea, climate.
How people adapt to, modify, and depend upon the environment.
Interactions: Grow crops, dig canals, mine for minerals, wear thin clothing
for hot climate.
4. Movement
People move in and out. Who? Why? By what means?
Goods move in and out. What? Why? By what means?
Ideas move in and out. What? Why? By what means?
As a result of all this movement, this place is connected to other places.
What places?
5. Region
A region is a territory or area that has common physical or human features.
North China is a region with a common river, soil, climate, farming,
culture and history.
The first EMPIRE
1. Shi Huangdi was the warrior leader of one the feudal states.
2. He overthrow the Chou dynasty in 221 B.C.
3. He established the Qin dynasty.
4. He became the strongest leader in the history of China.
5. He established China’s first Empire and became China’s first Emperor.
6. The Qin was shortest dynasty - it lasted only fifteen years.
7. When he died, the Qin dynasty died.
8. Though short, the Qin dynasty had a big impact on China!
The Impact
9. Shi Huangdi’s greatest gift to China was national unity.
10. Dynasties rose and fell, but from here on, China is a united empire.
11. Qin is pronounced “Cheen.” “China” comes from the name of his dynasty.
The first EMPEROR
12. Shi Huangdi, the first Emperor, was a tough guy.
13. He founded the Chinese Empire.
14. He established a powerful monarchy and said, “You had better not ignore ME.”
15. He crushed the warring states and said, “No more independence for you.”
16. This was the beginning of Imperial China.
17. People began to respect (and fear) imperial authority.
His
18.
19.
20.
21.
Goals
The first Emperor wanted to unite China. Not because it’s a good idea, but . . .
He wanted to create the greatest empire of all time.
The people must be united to defend their empire from outside attacks.
The people must be united to expand their empire into surrounding lands.
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Answers
If you can explain your answer,
you are correct.
1. Region
2. Movement
3. Place
4. Place
(cultural feature)
5. Region
6. Place
7. Place
8. Movement (of ideas over
time and space)
9. Region
10. Region
11. Region
12. Place
13. Region
14. Place
15. Movement, Regions
16. Region
17. Place
18. Region
19. Region
20. Movement
21. Movement
His methods were ruthless . . .
Centralized Government
22. Shi Huangdi reorganized China: He united warring kingdoms into one united
country.
23. He destroyed feudalism and established a centralized Empire.
24. He abolished the feudal states and turned them into provinces.
25. He turned them into military provinces, each governed by a governor.
26. The provincial governors reported only to the Emperor.
27. His provincial system lasted for 2,000 years.
28. He forced 120,000 noble families to move to his capital city of Xian.
29. He removed them from power (land and peasants) and spied on them. From
then on, they were under house arrest.
Legalism
30. Shi Huangdi was an absolute ruler.
31. He had 100% of the political power and he shared it with no one.
32. He adopted Legalism as the official philosophy of the Qin dynasty.
33. He was an authoritarian ruler who was guided by authoritarian Legalism.
34. He executed any feudal lord who opposed him.
Opposed Confucianism
35. Shi Huangdi actively fought against Confucianism.
36. He was trying to erase the past. Confucius loved the past.
37. He was making changes. Confucius hated change.
38. His philosophy was Legalism - “Man is basically bad.”
Confucius taught: “Man is basically good.”
39. His philosophy was Legalism - “The Emperor should be an absolute ruler.”
Confucius taught: The Emperor should be a model of good behavior.
40. He banned all books, so he burned Confucius’ books.
41. He had 460 Confucian scholars buried alive.
THE GREAT WALL
Causes: Why it was built
42. China was geographically isolated . . . except on its northern border.
43. Northern barbarians (from Mongolia + Manchuria) were always raiding China.
44. To defend his northern border, the first Emperor built the Great Wall.
45. The Great Wall was an ambitious construction project by an ambitious man.
46. Several little walls had already been built; he united them into one long wall.
22. Regions
23. Regions
24. Regions
25. Regions
26. Movement (The
governor and his information
moved from the province to the
Emperor in Xian.)
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
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57.
Regions
Movement
Movement
Place
Place
Place
Place
Place
Place
Place
Place
Place
Place
Place
Place
Region
Movement
Location
Interaction
Interaction
Location
Interaction
Regions
Interaction
Region
Location, Region
Interaction
Interaction
Interaction
Interaction
Interaction
What’s so great about the Great Wall?
47. It lies in North China and is more than 1,500 miles long.
48. It was built on top of mountain ridges. It is an engineering feat.
49. It runs from the seacoast, through the mountains and grasslands, to the desert.
50. It took one million people to build it -by hand! It is made of bricks and granite.
51. You can see it from outer space (but not from the moon).
52. It established the northern boundary of the Chinese Empire.
What was not so great?
53. It was built by forced labor: Prisoners of war, Confucian scholars, criminals.
54. Laborers worked day and night.
55. Laborers suffered through blistering summers and freezing winters.
56. People died by the thousands of starvation and exhaustion. They were buried
in the wall.
57. For this reason, people say: "Every stone cost a human life."
page 83
The Great Wall: Border, Fort, Highway
58. The wall was one continuous fort. It is the world’s longest fort. On average, the
wall is 25 feet high - too high for invaders to climb. Chinese soldiers were sta
tioned there - they lived in the wall! So did their horses. This was China’s first
standing army.
59. There is one watch tower every 100-200 yards. There are thousands of towers.
Each watch tower is 40 feet high. The watch tower was a lookout post. If the
barbarians attacked, the soldiers would send up a smoke signal. Soldiers from
distant parts of the wall would ride on horseback to help fight the barbarians.
60. It was a road - an elevated highway. It was 25 feet wide - wide enough to
move an army! It was meant for troop movements, so it was wide enough to
fit horses, carts, and marching soldiers.
Results: Impact of the Great Wall
61. The Great Wall allowed Chinese culture to develop in peace.
62. It protected China from invasion for centuries so Chinese culture developed
into a strong set of beliefs and practices. (When the Mongols did invade during
the Middle Ages, they adopted Chinese culture!)
63. Did any other ancient civilization build a wall to protect itself from barbarians?
(You betcha! The Romans built Hadrian's Wall in Britain to keep out the
Scottish barbarians! Hadrian's Wall is humble: It is only 75 miles long and is
made of dirt!)
EXPANSION TO THE SOUTH
After the Great Wall
64. After Shi Huangdi protected his northern border, he expanded to the south.
65. The Chinese Empire now stretched to the Xi (“pearl river).
66. The Pearl River was small, but valuable.
67. South China was a land of rainforest. In time, it would be “China’s Ricebowl.”
One Standard
68. The Chinese Empire covered a vast territory - from north to south.
69. To keep everyone on the same sheet of music, Shi Huangdi set one standard
for the whole Empire.
70. All of China used one set of laws, writing, currency, weights & measures.
Transportation & Communication
71. Shi Huangdi built a network of roads and canals to unite the Empire.
72. As a result, you can travel from north to south by water!
THE EMPEROR’S TOMB
73. Although he killed many people, Shi Huangdi feared death.
74. Shi Huangdi wanted to live forever. He searched for the “Fountain of Youth.”
75. He wanted his dynasty to live forever, but the Qin dynasty died when he did.
76. He built an underground tomb. He could live forever - in the afterlife.
77. The Emperor’s tomb lies near Xian, the capital of the Qin dynasty.
78. It is an underground palace that covers 20 square miles.
79. The actual tomb is a pyramid that is 12 stories high.
80. It took 700,000 laborers to build the tomb complex.
81. Six thousand terracotta warriors guard the Emperor’s tomb.
82. The warriors are life-sized and no two warriors have the same face!
page 84
58. Interaction
59. Movement
60. Movement
61. Region
62. Movement
63. Region, Interaction
64. Movement, Location,
Region
65. Region
66. Place
67. Region, Interaction
68. Region
69. Region
70. Movement (of ideas)
71. Movement
72. Movement
73. Place
74. Movement
75. Place
76. Interaction
77. Location
78. Interaction, Region
79. Place
80. Interaction
81. Place
82. Place