Download Zinc Monomethionine

MACUMAX™
A powerful combination of
nutrients for eye health
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• MACUMAX™ is a combinatorially additive combination of
nutrients that are scientifically reported to play a
significant role in the management of Eye Health.
• It provides nutrition to improve the eye health.
• Reduces risk of vision loss from age-related Macular
Degeneration (AMD), cataracts and related eye disorders.
• It provides an antioxidant system with a strong focus on
ocular health management.
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AMD: Age related
Macular Degeneration
Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is
the disorder of the macular area, most
often clinically apparent after 50 years of
age, characterised by:
•discrete whitish-yellow spots identified as
drusen (an aggregation of hyaline material).
•increased pigment or hyperpigmentation
associated with drusen.
•sharply demarcated areas of
depigmentation or hypopigmentation
of the retinal pigment epithelium and
associated drusen.
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Copyright 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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Hard Drusen
http://medweb.bham.ac.uk/easdec/eyetextbook/AMD/armd.htm
Confluent drusen
http://medweb.bham.ac.uk/easdec/eyetextbook/AMD/armd.htm
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Calcified drusen
Millodot: Dictionary of Optometry and Visual Science, 7th edition. ©
2009 Butterworth-Heineman
Large drusen
http://www.cvr.org.au/armd.htm
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Cataract
• Cataracts are developmental or
degenerative opacities of the lens that
result in a gradual, painless loss of vision.
• Oxidative insult appears to be a
precipitating factor in cataracts, resulting
in the development of insoluble, oxidized
lens proteins.
• Higher levels of hydrogen peroxide have
been found in cataractous lenses
compared to normal lenses, indicating
oxidative stress.
Horton J. Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine. 14th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1998:168.
Spector A, Garner WH. Exp Eye Res 1981;33:673-681
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Retinitis Pigmentosa
• Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a
rare, inherited, degenerative
disease characterized by
atrophy of the light-sensing
rods in the retina.
Retinitis pigmentosa
• A progressive loss of peripheral
vision occurs over time,
resulting in tunnel vision in late
stages of the disease.
Berson EL. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2000;40:93-111.
Image: http://www.rpfightingblindness.org.uk
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Normal macula
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• Provides optimum nutrition to the eyes to maintain
proper functioning
• Antioxidant activity helps prevent damage from harmful
effects of free-radicals
• Enhances visual performance by reducing disability and
discomfort from glare
• Helps to enhance contrast and reduce photo-stress
recovery times
• Safe for use in different infective and inflammatory
ophthalmic conditions
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Ingredients
ZeaLutein®
Mirtoselect®
Zinc Monomethionine
Saffron extract
ZeaLutein® is a Trademark registered product of Sabinsa Corporation
Mirtoselect® is a Trademark registered product of Indena S.p.A, Italy
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®
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ZeaLutein®
• ZeaLutein® granules is a proprietary composition of
1% Zeaxanthin, 5% Lutein and 2% Piperine, blended in a
ratio optimized to provide benefits in eye health.
• The three ingredients are naturally sourced from
Tagetes erecta, Lycium barbarum and Piper nigrum
respectively.
Japan
US Patent
6,689,400
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Patent
4,227,409
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Zeaxanthin and Lutein
• Zeaxanthin is a stereoisomer of lutein, differing only in
the location of a double bond in one of the hydroxyl
groups.
• The hydroxyl groups appear to control the biological
function of these two xanthophylls.
Zeaxanthin
Lutein
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Uniqueness of the composition
Ratio of Zeaxanthin to Lutein 1:5 in
Zealutein
is the same as that observed in the
human plasma.
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Dual function in the Eye
Lutein and Zeaxanthin are the
only carotenoids found in both
the macula and lens of the
human eye, and have dual
functions in both tissues :
• To act as powerful antioxidants
• To filter high-energy blue light
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Reported Clinical studies for AMD
Place of
study
Dosage
No. of
individuals
Observations
Reference
Chicago
10mg Lutein
90 males with
atrophic AMD
36% increase in Macular
Pigment Density (MPD) in
the lutein group
Richer S et al.,
Optometry, 2004
Italy
15mg Lutein
50 patients
with AMD
Two-fold increase in
visual acuity
Massacesi AL et
al., Ass Res Vision
Ophthalmol 2001
Miami
2.4–30 mg/d
Lutein, 30 mg/d
of Zeaxanthin
8 subjects
Increases in the serum
concentration of lutein
and zeaxanthin
Richard A et al.,
The J of Nutrition
2002
United
States
6 mg/day lutein
/ zeaxanthin
356 subjects
Fifty seven percent
decreased risk for AMD
Seddon JM, JAMA
1994
Ireland
3.7 mg/d lutein,
0.8 mg/d of
zeaxanthin
10 subjects
Significant increases in
Macular Pigment Optical
Density
Eithne E C et al.,
Current Eye
Research. 2010
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Studies on Cataract
• The Nurses Health Study
examined the effect of 12 years
of carotenoid consumption
(dietary intake) on the risk of
cataract formation in 77,466
female nurses, ages 45 and over.
• Nurses in the highest quintile for
lutein and zeaxanthin
consumption had a 22-percent
decreased risk for cataract
extraction, compared with those
in the lowest quintile.
Chasen-Taber L, Willett WC, Seddon JM, et al. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:509-516.
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Studies on Cataract
• A double-blind trial on carotenoid supplementation and agerelated cataracts measured visual acuity, glare sensitivity, and
serum carotenoid levels in 17 clinically diagnosed patients.
• Patients received 15 mg lutein three times weekly for two
years and were compared to patients receiving 100 mg alphatocopherol or placebo for the same period.
• In patients receiving lutein, statistically significant
improvements in visual acuity and glare sensitivity and
increased serum concentrations of lutein were observed,
compared to the alpha-tocopherol and control patients.
Olmedilla B, Granado F, Blanco I, Vaquero M. Nutrition 2003;19:21-24.
Image: www.bausch.com
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Studies on
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Dagnelie et al found
40 mg lutein daily for
nine weeks
significantly improved
visual acuity among
16 Retinitis
Pigmentosa patients.
Dagnelie G, Zorge IS, McDonald TM. Optometry 2000;71:147-164.
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®
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Mirtoselect®
• MIRTOSELECT® is the authentic bilberry extract obtained from
Vaccinium myrtillus L. berries.
• It is characterized by a very specific HPLC profile and is
standardized to contain ≥36% anthocyanins (anthocyanosides)
by HPLC (equivalent to 25% anthocyanidins by UV).
• The major applications investigated so far for MIRTOSELECT®
are in the realms of vascular health and retinal health.
Indena Patents: US0046215A1, WO090085A1, EP2252285A1, CN101951899B, US0244961A1
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Bilberry extract
• Bilberry Extract has
– the ability to improve oxygen and blood delivery to
the eye
– to scavenge free radicals that can disrupt collagen
structures and contribute to conditions such as
cataracts and macular degeneration.
• It provides significant
development of glaucoma.
protection
against
the
• Bilberry anthocyanosides are recognized as highly
effective in preventing diabetic retinopathy.
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Mirtoselect® and eyesight fatigue
• Crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on
20 patients
• Improvement in subjective symptoms like the occurrence of
vision sparks (80% of subjects), eyesight dimming (73% of
subjects) and ocular fatigue (70% of subjects) in computer
operators.
• Flicker values improved significantly, and an overall
improvement of eye fatigue could be established.
Kajimoto O. Clinical Evaluation of the Oral Administration of Vaccinium Myrtillus Anthocyanosides (VMA) in Mental Fatigue and
Asthenopia. Scientific Report Collection 1998, 19, 143-150
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Effect of Mirtoselect® on the improvement
of symptoms associated with eyesight fatigue when
compared to a placebo group.
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Mirtoselect® and healthy eyesight
• An 8-weeks trial with a daily dosage of Mirtoselect® was
carried out on 63 school children.
• Supports ocular health related to increased eye
accommodation associated with prolonged reading and
computer work.
• Shows affinity for small blood vessels, improves the blood
flow in the eye bulb tissues and activates the nutrition supply.
• Maintains healthy synthesis of retinal rhodopsin and
attenuate free radicals.
Kajimoto S. Recovery effect of VMA intake on visual acuity of pseudomyopia in primary school students. J. New Rem. Clin. 2000, 49, 72-79.
Tirupula K.C. pH-dependent interaction of rhodopsin with cyanidin-3-glucoside.2. Functional aspects. Photochem. Photobiol. 2009, 8 (2), 463-70.
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Mirtoselect® in supporting healthy
visual function
In a multicentric study, daily use of Mirtoselect® over a period of one
year on 88 patients was associated with remarkable improvement of
contrast sensitivity and stabilization of visual acuity leading to
improved visual quality.
A
B
Comparison of image with different contrast sensitivity.
A: image with low contrast sensitivity; B: image with high contrast sensitivity.
Kim E.S. Clinical evaluation of patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy following medication of anthocyanoside: multicenter study.
J. Korean Ophthal. Soc. 2008 49 (10),1629-1633.
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Zinc Monomethionine
• Zinc is organically bound to sulfur containing essential
amino acid Methionine.
• It has been reported that Zinc monomethionine is
absorbed better, retained longer and is more effective
than other zinc supplements.
• Zinc, a trace element that influences cell metabolism
through a variety of mechanisms, appears to play an
integral role in maintaining normal ocular function.
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Zinc Monomethionine
• Zinc is present in high concentrations in ocular tissue,
particularly in retina and choroid (vascular layer of the eye).
• It is reported that Zinc interacts with taurine and vitamin A,
modify photoreceptor plasma membranes, regulate the
light-rhodopsin reaction, modulate synaptic transmission
and serve as an antioxidant
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The Age-Related Eye Disease Study
• An 11-center double-masked clinical trial, enrolled participants in
an AMD trial if they had extensive small drusen, intermediate
drusen, large drusen, noncentral geographic atrophy, or pigment
abnormalities in 1 or both eyes, or advanced AMD or vision loss
due to AMD in 1 eye.
• Participants were randomly assigned
to receive daily oral tablets containing:
(1)antioxidants (vitamin C, 500 mg;
vitamin E, 400 IU; and beta carotene,
15 mg);
(2) zinc, 80 mg, as zinc oxide and
copper, 2 mg, as cupric oxide;
(3) antioxidants plus zinc; or
(4) placebo.
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Results
• Participants drusen or pigment
abnormalities had only a 1.3%
5-year probability of
progression to advanced AMD
on using Zinc supplement.
• Both zinc and antioxidants
plus zinc significantly reduced
the odds of developing
advanced AMD in the higherrisk group.
AREDS Report No. 8. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 October ; 119(10): 1417–1436.
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Saffron
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Botanical name: Crocus sativus Linn
Family: Iridaceae
Part used: Stigmas
Distribution: Native to Iran and Greece
Cultivated largely in Southern Europe, Tibet and
other countries.
In India, it is mainly cultivated in
Kashmir and Uttranchal.
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Chemical constituents
Commercially used stigma of saffron contains:
• Crocetin
• Crocin
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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α and β carotene
Lycopene
Zeaxanthin
Mangicrocin
Picocrocin
Safranal
Anthocyanins
Flavanoids
Vitamins & essential oils
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Vijayabhargava K. 2011. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 3 (3): 22-26
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Antioxidant effect
• Crocin is a pharmacologically active component of
saffron.
• Treating the PC-12 cells with 10 microM crocin
inhibits the formation of peroxidized lipids, restores
the SOD activity, and maintains the neuron's
morphology.
Ochiai T et al. Neurosci Lett. 2004. 13;362(1):61-4.
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Prevention of rod and cone death
• Effect of crocin on blue
light– and white light–
induced rod and cone
death in primary retinal
cell cultures was
investigated.
• Cultures were treated by
the addition of different
concentrations of crocin
for 24 hours before light
exposure or for 8 hours
after light exposure.
Laabich et al., IOVS, 2006, 47 (7): 3156 - 3163
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Control
Blue light exposed
Pretreated with
80µM crocin
Crocin protected the photoreceptors against
blue light– or white light–mediated damage in
a concentration-dependent manner with an
EC50 of approximately 30 µM.
This is reported to be due to its antioxidant
and neuroprotective activity.
Laabich et al., IOVS, 2006, 47 (7): 3156 - 3163
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Maintain eye morphology
Experimental Sprague
Dawley rats were
prefed either saffron
or β-carotene before
they were exposed to
bright continuous light
(BCL) for 24 hours.
Maccarone et al., IOVS, 2008, Vol. 49 (3): 1254–1261
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BCL treated
Saffron treated
Β-carotene treated
Saffron protect photoreceptors from retinal stress, maintains both morphology
and function and probably acts as a regulator of programmed cell death
Maccarone et al., IOVS, 2008, Vol. 49 (3): 1254–1261
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Ocular blood flow
• The etiology of ischemic retinopathy and agerelated macular degeneration is due in part to the
reduction of blood flow in the retina and/or
choroid.
• Crocin analogs isolated from saffron significantly
increase the blood flow in the retina and choroid
and to facilitate retinal function recovery.
• Increased blood flow due to vasodilation improves
oxygenation and nutrient supply of retinal
structures.
Xuan B et al., J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 1999;15(2):143-52.
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Retinal flicker sensitivity
Clinical study
Twenty-five patients
with AMD were given
oral saffron or placebo
over a 3-month period
and then reverted to
placebo or saffron for a
further 3 months.
Falsini et al., IOVS, 2010, 51 (12): 6118-6124
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• Focal electroretinogram
(fERG) were increased in
amplitude, compared
with either baseline or
after placebo
supplementation.
• Short-term saffron
supplementation
improves retinal flicker
sensitivity in early AMD.
Falsini et al., IOVS, 2010, 51 (12): 6118-6124
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Thus the combinatorially additive
combination of nutrients of
MACUMAX™ is as follows
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ingredients
ZeaLutein®
Mirtoselect®
Zinc Monomethionine
Saffron extract
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Dosage: 1-2 Capsules per day
Age: 12 years and above
Contraindications: None
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www.sabinsa.com
participating members of:
THANK YOU
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