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Platyhelminthes Extant Animalia ~1,300,000 species Platyhelminthes – An acoelomate triploblast Parazoa (1.2%) Radiata (0.9%) Protostomia (3.9%) Platyzoa (2.2%) Platyhelminthes (1.9%) Others (0.3%) Lophotrochozoa (9.8%) Mollusca (8.5%) Annelida (0.9%) Others (0.5%) Ecdysozoa (82.0%) Crustecea (3.1%) Chelicerata (7.6%) Atelocerata(70.3%) Others (1.1%) http://www.aucklandmuseum.com/site_resources/Leslie_s_flatworm.jpg BIO2135 Animal Form and Function Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa ! ! Animal innovations (Symplesiomorphies) • Triploblastic • Mesodermal musculature ! ! Bilateria (Autapomorphy) • Bilateral symmetry Deuterostomia (4.0%) Chordata (3.5%) Others (0.4%) 1 10:29 AM Porifera Placozoa Cnidaria Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida Cycliophora Rotifera Annelida Mollusca Sipuncula Nemertea Brachiopoda Phoronida Bryozoa Arthropoda Tardigrada Onychophora Nematomorpha Nematoda Priapulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Echinodermata Hemichordata Chordata Porifera Placozoa Cnidaria Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida Cycliophora Rotifera Annelida Mollusca Sipuncula Nemertea Brachiopoda Phoronida Bryozoa Arthropoda Onychophora Tardigrada Nematomorpha Nematoda Priapulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Echinodermata Hemichordata Chordata BIO2135 Animal Form and Function 2 10:29 AM Body plans Diploblastic, 9100 Acoelomates, 20900 Eucoelomates, 1135058 Pseudocoelomates, 15420 BIO2135 Animal Form and Function 4 Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 10:29 AM Symmetry types Radial Biradial Bilateral 6 10:29 AM Page 1 Platyhelminthes Porifera Placozoa Cnidaria Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida Cycliophora Syndermata Annelida Mollusca Sipuncula Nemertea Brachiopoda Phoronida Bryozoa Arthropoda Tardigrada Onychophora Nematomorpha Nematoda Priapulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Echinodermata Hemichordata Chordata Basic animal body symmetries ● Asymmetric ● Radial ● Bilateral Assymetric ! Radial Bilateral ! Protostomia (autapomorphy) • Blastopore is mouth, • Paired ventral nerve cord • Apical brain. BIO2135 Animal Form and Function 7 Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 10:29 AM Protostomes vs deuterostomes ● Protostomes Blastopore (Gastrulation) ● Deuterostomes – Blastopore mouth – Spiral cleavage – Schizocoely Ectoderm – Blastopore anus – Radial cleavage – Enterocoley Blastocoel Endoderm Blastopore BIO2135 Animal Form and Function 9 Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 10:29 AM Types of cleavage Spiral cleavage BIO2135 Animal Form and Function Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Enterocoelous coelom Radial cleavage Ectoderm BIO2135 Animal Form and Function Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 10 10:29 AM 11 10:29 AM BIO2135 Animal Form and Function Endoderm BIO2135 Animal Form and Function Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Mesoderm 12 10:29 AM Page 2 Platyhelminthes Some advantages of a body cavity Schizocoelous coelom ● ● ● ● Ectoderm Endoderm BIO2135 Animal Form and Function 10:29 AM 1 2 Protostome taxa 1• 2• 3• 3 Platyzoa Lophotrochozoa Ecdysozoa ! ! Platyzoa Autapomorphy) • Loss of coelom, • Acoelomate or pseudocoelom • Loss of metanephridia, and circulatory system Mesoderm 13 Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Space for organ system to enlarge Fluid that can be used for transport Acts as a hydrostatic skeleton Gut can move independent of body wall Porifera Placozoa Cnidaria Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida Cycliophora Rotifera Annelida Mollusca Sipuncula Nemertea Brachiopoda Phoronida Bryozoa Arthropoda Tardigrada Onychophora Nematomorpha Nematoda Priapulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Echinodermata Hemichordata Chordata Porifera Placozoa Cnidaria Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida Cycliophora Syndermata Annelida Mollusca Sipuncula Nemertea Brachiopoda Phoronida Bryozoa Arthropoda Tardigrada Onychophora Nematomorpha Nematoda Priapulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Echinodermata Hemichordata Chordata BIO2135 Animal Form and Function BIO2135 Animal Form and Function Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa ! ! Spiralia (Autapomorphy) • Spiral cleavage 14 10:29 AM Porifera Placozoa Cnidaria Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida Cycliophora Syndermata Annelida Mollusca Sipuncula Nemertea Brachiopoda Phoronida Bryozoa Arthropoda Tardigrada Onychophora Nematomorpha Nematoda Priapulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Echinodermata Hemichordata Chordata Body plans Diploblastic, 9100 Acoelomates, 20900 Eucoelomates, 1135058 Pseudocoelomates, 15420 BIO2135 Animal Form and Function Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 18 10:29 AM Page 3 Platyhelminthes ! ! Platyhelminthes (Autapomorphy) • Incomplete gut • Complex reproductive system associated with hermaphrodism Porifera Cnidaria Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida Cycliophora Rotifera Annelida Mollusca Sipuncula Nemertea Brachiopoda Phoronida Bryozoa Arthropoda Onychophora Tardigrada Nematomorpha Nematoda Priapulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Echinodermata Hemichordata Chordata Planaria - free living BIO2135 Animal Form and Function 20 Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 10:29 AM Reproductive system Digestive system Monoecious - hermaphrodite Ovary Oviduct Yolk gland Seminal receptacle Testis Sperm duct Genital openings Pharynx Seminal vesicle Penis Diverticulum BIO2135 Animal Form and Function Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 21 10:29 AM Planarian body wall BIO2135 Animal Form and Function 22 Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 10:29 AM Body wall Epidermis Circular muscle Parenchyma Rhabdite Cilia Longitudinal muscle Gland cell BIO2135 Animal Form and Function Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Cilia Dorsoventral muscle 23 10:29 AM BIO2135 Animal Form and Function BIO2135 Animal Form and Function Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 24 10:29 AM Page 4 Platyhelminthes Dual gland adhesive system Nervous system Lateral nerve cord Anchor cell Rhabdite Cerebral ganglion Connectives Releaser gland Adhesive gland Eye cup Cilium BIO2135 Animal Form and Function 25 Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 10:29 AM Brain Auricle BIO2135 Animal Form and Function 26 Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 10:29 AM Pigmented eye cups Auricle Retinular cell Light sensitive region Cerebral ganglion Pigment cup Paired nerve cords BIO2135 Animal Form and Function Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 27 10:29 AM BIO2135 Animal Form and Function 28 Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 10:29 AM Excretory system - protonephridia Excretory system (Flame cell) Protonephridia Flame cell Cilia Tube cell Tubule BIO2135 Animal Form and Function Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 29 10:29 AM BIO2135 Animal Form and Function BIO2135 Animal Form and Function Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 30 10:29 AM Page 5 Platyhelminthes Syncytial tegument Fasciola (endoparasites) Genital atrium Microtrix Uterus Ootype Ovary Syncytial zone Sperm ducts Basement membrane (Mehlis gland) Yolk gland Anterior testis Circular muscle Longitudinal muscle Vitelline ducts Posterior testis Cytoplasmic extensions Cell body 31 10:29 AM Miracidium (Free living) Rostellum Sporocysts Adult Snail Sheep 32 10:29 AM Tapeworm Scolex and proglottids Fasciola life cycle Egg BIO2135 Animal Form and Function Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Rostellar hooks Sucker Redia (2 Generations) Neck Cercaria Metacercaria Newest proglottid (Free living) BIO2135 Animal Form and Function Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 33 10:29 AM BIO 3334 Invertebrate Zoology 34 10:29 AM Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Tapeworm life cycle Tapeworm proglottid Cysticercus Testes Uterus Invaginated cysticercus Sperm duct Seminal receptacle Mehlis gland (Ootype) Cysts Ovary Yolk gland BIO2135 Animal Form and Function Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 35 10:29 AM BIO2135 Animal Form and Function BIO2135 Animal Form and Function Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 36 10:29 AM Page 6
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