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LEARNING
Text Unit 6
5 Steps Chapter 10
Barron’s Chapter 6

Learning—

Associative Learning—
I.
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
A. Classical Conditioning—
B. Behaviorism—
C. Ivan Pavlov–
D. Pavlov’s Experiment—
___________________ (UCS)
___________________(UCR)
_______________ (NS)+______________(UCS) _____________(UCR)
_________________ (CS)
_________________(CR)
1. Neutral Stimulus–
2. Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)–
3. Unconditioned response (UCR)–
4. Conditioned stimulus (CS)–
5. Conditioned response (CR)–
6. Acquisition—
7. Extinction—
8. Spontaneous Recovery—
9. Generalization—
10. Discrimination—
E.
Extending Pavlov’s Understanding—
1
1. Cognitive Processes—
b. Predictability—
c. Expectancy-2. Biological predispositions—
F. Pavlov’s Legacy
1. Applications of Classical Conditioning
G.
John B. Watson–
1. “Little Albert” Experiment
___________________ (UCS)
___________________(UCR)
_______________ (NS)+______________(UCS) _____________(UCR)
_________________ (CS)
_________________(CR)
H. Mary Cover Jones–
1. “Little Peter” Experiment –
___________________ (UCS)
___________________(UCR)
_______________ (NS)+______________(UCS) _____________(UCR)
_________________ (CS)
_________________(CR)
II.
OPERANT CONDITIONING

Operant Conditioning—

Operant Behavior—

Respondent Behavior–

Edward Thorndike— Law of Effect=
A.
B.F. Skinner–
1. Skinner Box (Operant Chamber)—
2. Shaping Behavior—
a. Shaping—
3. Types of Reinforcers—
a. Reinforcement—
b. Positive Reinforcement–
2
c. Negative Reinforcement—
Type
Description
Examples
Positive Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
d. Primary reinforcement—
e. Conditioned (Secondary) reinforcement—
f. Immediate and Delayed Reinforcers–
4. Reinforcement schedules
a. Continuous Reinforcement–
b. Partial (Intermittent) reinforcement—
c. Fixed-ratio schedules—
d. Variable-ratio schedules—
e. Fixed-interval schedules—
f. Variable-interval schedules—.
5. Punishment—
Type
Description
Positive Punishment
Negative Punishment
6. Problems with punishment B.
Extending Skinner’s Understanding—
1. Cognition and Operant Conditioning
a. Latent learning—
a. Cognitive map (E.C. Tolman)—
3
Examples
c. Intrinsic Motivation–
d. Extrinsic Motivation–
e. Biological Predispositions C. Skinner’s Legacy
1. Applications of Operant Conditioning
a. School—
b. Sports—
c. Work—
d. Home—
Parenting Tips:



Conditioning Yourself
1.
2.
3.
4.
III.
LEARNING BY OBSERVATION (ALBERT BANDURA)

Observational Learning—

Modeling—

Mirror Neurons—
A.
Bandura’s experiments—
B.
Applications of Observational Learning—
1. Positive Observational Learning
a. Prosocial Behavior—
2. Television and Observational Learning—
a. Desensitization—
4