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SQUADS #4 CPW “9th Grade Science” Learning Inten+ons - Today, I am going to address these College Readiness Standards in Science: 1. 
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InterpretaAon of Data 20-­‐23 InterpretaAon of Data 24-­‐27 ScienAfic InvesAgaAon 24-­‐27 ScienAfic InvesAgaAon 24-­‐27 EvaluaAon of Models, Inferences, and Experimental Results 24-­‐27 EvaluaAon of Models, Inferences, and Experimental Results 20-­‐23 EvaluaAon of Models, Inferences, and Experimental Results 24-­‐27 Success Criteria – I know I am successful when I can select informaAon from a complex data presentaAon, understand the methods and tools used in a moderately complex experiment, and select a simple hypothesis, predicAon, or conclusion that is supported by a data presentaAon. th
9 Grade Science #1. Based on Student 2’s discussion, Algol B is part of the present Algol system because of which of the following forces exerted on Algol B by the original Algol system? A.  Electric force B.  MagneAc force C.  GravitaAonal force D.  Nuclear force Correct Answer: C •  RaAonale: This is a rare science quesAon on which you are required to use a bit of outside knowledge. •  The last sentence of Student 2’s second paragraph states that Algol B came into contact with the original Algol system when their orbits intersected and that due to this encounter Algol B “became part of the Algol system.” Since Student 2 does not state exactly why Algol B became part of the original system, you must use your own knowledge. Gravity is a force of a^racAon between bodies containing mass. It is the force that governs the moAon of celesAal bodies in the universe, such as stars, planets, comets, and moons, so C is the correct answer. th
9 Grade Science #2. Based on Student 1’s discussion and Fact 4, while ma^er flowed between Algol A and Algol B, Algol B produced the majority of its energy by fusing: A.  hydrogen nuclei to make helium nuclei at its center. B.  hydrogen nuclei to make helium nuclei in a shell surrounding its center. C.  helium nuclei to make hydrogen nuclei at its center. D.  helium nuclei to make hydrogen nuclei in a shell surrounding its center. Correct Answer: B •  RaAonale: Student 1 states that while this process was occurring, Algol B was a post-­‐MS star. Fact 4 states that most of the energy produced by a post-­‐MS star is the result of the fusion of hydrogen to create helium “in a shell surrounding its center,” so B is the correct answer. th
9 Grade Science #3. Suppose that chemical composiAon is uniform among stars formed from the same cloud of gas and dust, but that chemical composiAon varies among stars formed from different clouds of gas and dust. Student 2 would most likely agree with which of the following statements comparing the chemical composiAons of the stars in the present-­‐day Algol system at the Ame they formed? A.  Algol A and Algol B had the most similar composiAons. B.  Algol A and Algol C had the most similar composiAons. C.  Algol B and Algol C had the most similar composiAons. D.  Algol A, Algol B, and Algol C had the same composiAon. Correct Answer: B •  RaAonale: Student 2 states that Algol B was formed in a different cloud than the original Algol system (which included Algols A and C). Therefore, based on the fact provided in the quesAon, Student 2 would claim that Algols A and C would have similar composiAons and Algol B would have a different composiAon, so B is the correct answer. th
9 Grade Science #4. If the mass of the Sun is 2.0 x 1030 kg, what is the mass of Algol C? A. 
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1.6 x 1030 kg 2.0 x 1030 kg 3.4 x 1030 kg 7.2 x 1030 kg Correct Answer: C •  RaAonale: The paragraph directly below Fact 5 states that Algol C has a solar mass of 1.7. This paragraph also defines solar mass as the mass of the Sun, so Algol C has a mass 1.7 Ames that of the Sun. Therefore, its mass would be 1.7 x 2.0 x 1030 = 3.4 x 1030 kg. th
9 Grade Science #5. Which of the following statements best explains why the reacAon described in Fact 3 requires a high temperature and pressure? A.  All protons are posiAvely charged, and like charges a^ract each other. B.  All protons are posiAvely charged, and like charges repel each other. C.  All electrons are negaAvely charged, and like charges a^ract each other. D.  All electrons are negaAvely charged, and like charges repel each other. Correct Answer: B •  RaAonale: Fact 3 describes the fusion of hydrogen nuclei, which are made of protons, to form helium. Because this reacAon involves the fusion of protons, not electrons, you can immediately eliminate C and D. •  B is correct over A because like charges do in fact repel, not a^ract each other. If you did not know that like charges repel, you sAll could have go^en B over A, since if it were true that like charges a^racted each other, high pressure would not be needed to get like-­‐charged protons to fuse together. th
9 Grade Science #6. Based on Fact 5 and Student 1’s discussion, which of the 3 stars in the Algol system, if any, was most likely the first to become an MS star? A.  Algol A B.  Algol B C.  Algol C D.  The 3 stars became MS stars at the same Ame. Correct Answer: B •  RaAonale: Fact 5 states that more massive stars move more quickly from pre-­‐MS to MS to post-­‐
MS star. •  Since Student 1 states that Algol B had the greatest mass of the 3 stars when it was created, Student 1 would expect Algol B to move the most quickly from pre-­‐MS to MS to post-­‐MS star. •  Since Student 1 claims that the three stars were created at the same Ame, Student 1 would therefore claim that Algol B was the first to become an MS star. th
9 Grade Science #7. Based on Fact 5, would Student 2 agree that by the Ame Algol A stops being an MS star, Algol A will have spent as much Ame being an MS star as Algol B spent being an MS star? A.  Yes, because according to Student 2, Algol A has always been more massive than Algol B. B.  Yes, because according to Student 2, Algol A has always been less massive than Algol B. C.  No, because according to Student 2, Algol A has always been more massive than Algol B. D.  No, because according to Student 2, Algol A has always been less massive than Algol B. Correct Answer: C •  RaAonale: Fact 5 states that more massive stars move more quickly from pre-­‐MS to MS to post-­‐MS star. Therefore, more massive stars spend less Ame in each of the three evoluAonary stages than do less massive stars. Because Student 2 states that Algol A was more massive than Algol B, Student 2 would expect Algol A to spend less Ame than Algol B in each evoluAonary stage (pre-­‐MS, MS, and post-­‐MS).