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1st Semester Study Guide ____ Western Geography 2014-15 1. Day and night are caused by a. the rotation of Earth on its axis. b. the revolution of Earth around the sun. Hindenburg c. the orbit of the Moon around Earth. d. the distance from Earth to the sun. ____ 2. If it is noon in New York, which is Eastern Standard Time, what time is it in Denver, which is Mountain Standard Time? a. 2 P.M. c. 10 A.M. b. 11 A.M. d. 9 A.M. ____ 3. Time in the region surrounding the Prime Meridian is sometimes called a. Prime Time. c. Global Standard Time. b. London Mean Time. d. Universal Time. ____ 4. The hottest interior part of Earth is its a. core. b. mantle. ____ ____ c. crust. d. atmosphere. 5. What causes volcanoes to erupt? a. The movement of continental plates c. creates pressure that pushes magma to Earth’s surface. b. Continental plates rub against each d. other and cause vibrations in Earth’s core. 6. What causes earthquakes? a. Plates slide against one another, often at faults. b. Pressure builds up in the molten rock beneath Earth’s crust and causes it to shake. Moving continental plates push against each other and raise up Earth’s crust. Pressure builds up at seams in Earth’s crust, causing it to shake and release magma. c. Continental plates pull apart from each other, causing the crust to collapse. d. Continental plates press together and suddenly push up the crust. ____ 7. What causes some areas of the Earth to be warmer than other areas? a. Distance from the sun c. Altitude b. Tilt of the Earth’s axis d. Seasons ____ 8. The high latitudes, also known as the _____________, get less direct sunlight because the sun is near or below the horizon all year round. a. tropics c. low latitudes b. temperate zones d. polar zones ____ 9. What causes the difference in the timing of the seasons in the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere? a. Differences in the Earth’s distance c. Changes in the Earth’s temperature from the sun b. Bitterly cold temperatures in the polar zones patterns d. The tilt of the Earth’s axis ____ 10. Global movements, water, and sunlight shape different ___________ patterns from one region of the world to another. a. climate c. weather b. temperature d. precipitation ____ 11. The two main ways to describe both weather and climate are __________ and temperature. a. wind speed c. weather pattern b. precipitation d. climate graph ____ 12. _________ act like large rivers in the Earth’s oceans and help spread Earth’s heat and shape climates. a. Ocean currents c. Temperature differences b. Wind patterns d. Water cycles ____ 13. __________ affects climate by affecting the air temperature near it. a. Wind c. Water b. Precipitation d. Currents ____ 14. The Canary Current and the Labrador Current move cool water from the poles to the tropics, where the cool water __________ the air near it. a. chills c. condenses b. warms d. clouds ____ 15. __________ is heaviest near the equator, where air usually rises. a. Cool air c. Air pressure b. Precipitation d. Dry air ____ 16. When two air masses of different temperatures or moisture content collide, one result of this air movement may be ____________. a. high pressure c. a new desert area b. low pressure d. intense storms ____ 17. _____________, which move heat and moisture between different parts of the Earth, may lead to cyclones, hurricanes, and tornadoes. a. Convergence zones c. Bands of rising air b. Wind and air currents d. Bands of sinking air ____ 18. An ecosystem is a network of ___________ that depend on one another and their environment for survival. a. plants c. animals b. living things d. people ____ 19. Which ecosystem usually supports thick forests of deciduous trees? a. Tropical forest c. Savanna b. Temperate forest d. Subarctic forest ____ 20. Ecosystems can change over time because of physical processes or __________. a. grass or forest fires c. very cold winters b. hurricanes or tornadoes d. human activities ____ 21. The difference between tropical wet climates and tropical wet and dry climates is that tropical wet and dry climates have a. wet winters and dry summers. c. wet years followed by a dry year or two. b. wet summers and dry winters. d. a wet month followed by a dry month. ____ 22. Climates are mainly shaped by wind, precipitation, and _________. a. altitude c. latitude b. temperature d. ocean currents ____ 23. Areas that share similar temperature and precipitation patterns are called __________. a. global patterns c. climate regions b. tropical climates d. polar regions ____ 24. The beliefs, customs, practices, and behavior of a particular nation or group is that nation’s or group’s_______. a. norm c. cultural landscape b. culture region d. culture ____ 25. In any particular culture, an idea or way of doing things that is common to the culture is called a ____________. a. cultural landscape c. cultural trait b. culture d. cultural norm ____ 26. An area in which a single culture or cultural trait is dominant is called a ____________. a. culture c. norm b. cultural landscape d. culture region ____ 27. A group of humans with a shared culture who have organized themselves to meet their basic needs is a(n) ____________. a. family c. social structure b. society d. extended family ____ 28. The most basic unit of any society is the ____________. a. family c. social structure b. society d. extended family ____ 29. Industrial societies often organize members according to their ____________. a. social structure c. nuclear families b. families d. social class ____ 30. The basis for culture is ____________. a. language b. sounds c. symbols d. gestures ____ 31. Which of the following is one of the main languages spoken by Indo-Europeans? a. Mandarin Chinese c. German b. Japanese d. Hungarian ____ 32. Within a country, differences in language can make it harder to ____________ the country. a. establish c. understand b. divide d. unify ____ 33. The world’s major religions began in ____________. a. North America c. Asia b. Africa d. Europe ____ 34. Religion can help people answer questions about the meaning of ____________. a. culture c. language b. cultural traits d. life ____ 35. All religions have prayers, rituals, and ____________. a. Christmas c. special foods b. religious holidays d. one god ____ 36. In a society, architectural works can be important ____________ symbols. a. government c. geographical b. cultural d. resource ____ 37. Some people worry that rapid communication is creating a new global culture that threatens ____________. a. migration c. diversity b. cultural hearths d. communication ____ 38. ____________ spread cultural traits because they bring cultural traditions with them to their new homeland. a. Traders c. Migrants b. Explorers d. Native Americans ____ 39. In general, for a new cultural trait to be adopted by a culture, it must offer some ____________ over an existing trait. a. benefit c. diffusion b. diversity d. drawback ____ 40. The first societies with complex cultures—civilizations—developed about ____________ years ago. a. 3 million c. 2,600 b. 5,000 d. 500 ____ 41. The mass production of books was allowed by the ____________, which spread knowledge and ideas and increased the number of educated people. a. Internet c. printing press b. computer d. cell phone ____ 42. Cultures often develop along with science and ____________. a. tools c. agriculture b. technology d. machines ____ 43. Most societies have which type of economic system? a. Traditional economy c. Command economy b. Market economy d. Mixed economy ____ 44. A developed country is likely to have which of the following? a. Less-productive economy c. A strong economy b. Lower standards of living d. Lower productivity ____ 45. Which describes the type of buying and selling that takes place within a country? a. Free trade c. Tariff b. International trade d. Domestic trade ____ 46. Which of the following is a likely result of trade barriers? a. Protection of domestic producers from c. More choices competition b. Lower prices d. Increase in imports ____ 47. A group of people who have the power to make and enforce laws for a country or area is always called a a. government. c. unlimited government. b. limited government. d. tyranny. ____ 48. Today the majority of states are a. city-states. b. nation-states. c. empires. d. monarchies. ____ 49. A state containing several countries is called a. an empire. c. a democracy. b. a monarchy. d. communist. ____ 50. Which form of government has a king or queen that shares powers with the people of the state and the other branches of government? a. Absolute monarchy c. Representative democracy b. Constitutional monarchy d. Authoritarian communism ____ 51. The principle of majority rule means that the U.S. government a. can pass any law without worrying about c. is bound by the rule of law. minority rights. b. can only pass laws voted for by a d. a majority of local governments must majority of representatives. support the actions of regional governments. ____ 52. Which of the following is a power given to the executive branch of the U.S. government? a. Deciding whether a law is constitutional c. Conducting the foreign affairs of the or not b. Levying taxes on the citizens of the United States United States d. Passing laws for the good of the American people ____ 53. The principle of giving each branch of government the power to cancel the action of another branch is called a. separation of powers. c. the federal system. b. checks and balances. d. minority rights. ____ 54. All political power in the United States comes from a. citizens. c. political parties. b. interest groups. d. government. ____ 55. A useful material found in the environment is known as a a. nonrenewable resource. c. natural resource. b. energy resource. d. renewable resource. ____ 56. Which of the following is an example of a nonrenewable resource? a. Oil c. Water b. Soil d. Animals ____ 57. It is unlikely that Earth will ever run out of a. petroleum. c. minerals. b. plants. d. natural gas. ____ 58. __________ is the movement of new settlers and their culture into a new area. a. Land use c. Industrialization b. Colonization d. Environmental change ____ 59. Since the 1800s, what human activity has changed landscapes and led to the growth of large cities in many countries? a. Industrialization c. Suburbs b. Colonization d. Technology ____ 60. Which factor is most likely to change a region’s landscape? a. Temperature c. Oceans b. Climate d. Settlers ____ 61. Both deforestation and drilling oil wells can reduce __________. a. ecosystems c. pollution b. biodiversity d. spillover ____ 62. Some chemicals used by farmers may harm the environment by causing __________. a. deforestation c. pollution b. oil spills d. spillover ____ 63. One way for people to protect the environment is to __________. a. use fertilizer to help grow food c. encourage economic growth b. try to use less oil d. drill for oil only deep in the ocean ____ 64. A common reason for pollution is that it is produced by an activity that. a. should never be done. c. is against the law. b. has no beneficial impacts. d. leads to economic growth. ____ 65. Using up resources is one of the negative effects of a. the birth rate. c. the infant mortality rate. b. the death rate. d. rapid population growth. ____ 66. Earth’s population has grown rapidly in recent years because the _____________ is higher than the death rate. a. infant mortality rate c. improved health conditions b. birth rate d. standard of living ____ 67. A country’s _____________ is the total number of people living within its borders. a. population density c. population growth b. population d. population distribution ____ 68. The world’s population is distributed _____________ on Earth’s surface. a. evenly c. unevenly b. thickly d. thinly ____ 69. A tool used to describe how thickly or thinly an area is settled is called a. population density. c. population growth. b. total population. d. population distribution. ____ 70. Causes of migration that push people to leave their home country are called a. pull factors. c. new customs. b. push factors. d. involuntary migrations. ____ 71. Scientists believe that more than 50,000 years ago, some early humans migrated from _____________ to Asia and then to other continents. a. Europe c. North America b. Africa d. Antarctica ____ 72. _____________ and _____________ are two problems created by urbanization. a. more jobs; new highways c. education; better lives for children b. slums; suburban sprawl d. better health care; new water lines ____ 73. People who live in poor, overcrowded urban areas, or _____________, are unable to meet their basic needs. a. urban areas c. rural areas b. slums d. suburbs ____ 74. The highest elevations in the United States are located in a. the Sierra Nevada. c. the Rocky Mountains. b. the Great Plains. d. the coastal regions. ____ 75. Which of the four major regions of the United States was settled last by U.S. citizens? a. Northeast c. Midwest b. South d. West ____ 76. Which of the following physical features attracted settlers who were looking for easier ways to travel? a. Rivers c. The Great Lakes b. Mountains d. The Great Plains ____ 77. The Native American living in the ______________ were most likely to use canoes. a. Eastern woodlands c. Plains b. Great Basin d. Southwest ____ 78. NAFTA is a trade agreement between a. America, China, and India. b. America, Canada, and Mexico. c. America, Japan, and Mexico. d. America, South America, and the Middle East. ____ 79. _________ is the average temperature and precipitation over a long period of time. a. climate c. population density b. migration d. temperate ____ 80. cool winters and warm summers a. population density b. migration c. metropolitan area d. temperate ____ 81. the process of moving from one place to another a. migration c. temperate b. population density d. climate ____ 82. urban areas of a single city or several cities geographically close to each other a. temperate c. climate b. metropolitan area d. migration ____ 83. the number of people who live in an area a. population density b. temperate c. climate d. metropolitan area ____ 84. people whos beliefs differ from the majority a. plantation c. dissenter b. cash crop d. Manifest Destiny ____ 85. very large farms located in the southern colonies or states a. plantation c. cash crop b. civil rights movement d. dissenter ____ 86. crops grown mainly to sell a. cash crop c. Manifest Destiny b. plantation d. civil rights movement ____ 87. the idea that the country should expand across the continent a. civil rights movement c. Manifest Destiny b. dissenter d. plantation ____ 88. a movement for equality a. plantation b. dissenter c. civil rights movement d. Manifest Destiny ____ 89. change of lifestyle to the resources in its environment a. expand c. annex b. adapt d. vital ____ 90. take control of land to expand a. expand b. adapt c. annex d. vital ____ 91. individuals and businesses make the majority of buying and selling decisions a. economic region c. diplomacy b. import d. market economy ____ 92. a good that is shipped to different areas of the world a. market economy c. import b. economic region d. export ____ 93. goods brought into a country from another country a. market economy c. import b. export d. economic region ____ 94. places where people do particular kinds of work a. economic region c. export b. diplomacy d. import ____ 95. the process of making decisions through discussion a. import c. economic region b. diplomacy d. market economy ____ 96. Which part of a map would you look at to find directions on a physical map? a. Scale bar c. Locator map b. Compass rose d. Key ____ 97. What type of map would you use to find the elevation of mountain ranges? a. A physical map c. A special-purpose map b. A political map d. A road map ____ 98. Which of the following is one of the five themes of geography that is useful when studying different places? a. Political history b. Economics c. Culture d. Movement ____ 99. Which of the following is a list of events in the order in which they occurred? a. Period c. Era b. Chronology d. Epoch ____ 100. Which of the following is a primary source? a. A movie c. A textbook b. An encyclopedia article d. A photograph 1st Semester Study Guide Answer Section Western Geography 2014-15 Hindenburg MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: OBJ: STA: KEY: A PTS: 3 DIF: L3 S.CC2.2.1 Students will know that Earth's spinning movement causes day and night. CS.3.2 TOP: Our Planet, Earth | Time and Earth's Rotation rotation NOT: Earth's spinning movement causes day and night. 2. ANS: C PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC2.2.2 Students will know that Earth's spinning also causes it to be different times in different places on Earth's surface. TOP: Our Planet, Earth | Time and Earth's Rotation KEY: time zones NOT: As shown on the Time Zones Map in the text, MST is two hours behind EST. 3. ANS: D PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC2.2.2 Students will know that Earth's spinning also causes it to be different times in different places on Earth's surface. TOP: Our Planet, Earth | Time and Earth's Rotation KEY: Prime Meridian NOT: The time in this zone is also called Greenwich Mean Time. The other answers are all fictional. 4. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC2.3.1 Students will know that Earth is made up of different parts, above and below its surface. TOP: Our Planet, Earth | Earth's Structure KEY: core NOT: The core is significantly hotter than the other parts of Earth. 5. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC2.5.1 Students will know that movements of hot, soft rock in Earth's mantle affect Earth's surface, forming volcanoes and pushing continents together or apart. | S.CC2.5.3 Students will explain how plate movement creates mountains, earthquakes, and volcanoes. TOP: Our Planet, Earth | Forces Inside Earth KEY: plates NOT: Answers b is fictitious. Answer c describes the formation of mountains. Answer d describes the cause of earthquakes. 6. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC2.5.1 Students will know that movements of hot, soft rock in Earth's mantle affect Earth's surface, forming volcanoes and pushing continents together or apart. | S.CC2.5.3 Students will explain how plate movement creates mountains, earthquakes, and volcanoes. TOP: Our Planet, Earth | Forces Inside Earth KEY: faults NOT: Answer b is fictitious but similar to the causes of volcanoes. Answer c describes a situation that is the opposite of an earthquake. Answer d is fictitious but similar to the process that forms mountains (which is not sudden). 7. ANS: B PTS: 5 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC3.2.1 Students will know that differences in sunlight affect temperatures at different latitudes. | S.CC3.2.4 Students will describe how Earth's tilt affects temperatures in each hemisphere and latitude. STA: CS.3.2 TOP: Climate and Ecosystems | Temperature KEY: temperatures | latitudes NOT: Differences in sunlight affect temperatures at different latitudes. 8. ANS: D PTS: 3 DIF: L2 OBJ: S.CC3.2.1 Students will know that differences in sunlight affect temperatures at different latitudes.| S.CC3.2.3 Students will identify Earth's zones of latitude and their temperature characteristics. STA: CS.3.2 TOP: Climate and Ecosystems | Temperature KEY: direct sunlight | polar zones |high latitudes NOT: The polar zones are also known as the high latitudes. 9. ANS: D PTS: 5 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC3.2.1 Students will know that differences in sunlight affect temperatures at different latitudes. | S.CC3.2.2 Students will know that Earth's temperature patterns change from season to season.| S.CC3.2.4 Students will describe how Earth's tilt affects temperatures in each hemisphere and latitude. STA: CS.3.2 TOP: Climate and Ecosystems | Temperature KEY: Earth's axis | tilt | seasons NOT: Because of the tilt of Earth’s axis, temperature patterns change from season to season. 10. ANS: C PTS: 3 DIF: L2 OBJ: S.CC3.1.1 Students will know that different areas of the world have different weather patterns.| S.CC3.1.3 Students will differentiate between weather and climate. STA: CS.3.2 TOP: Climate and Ecosystems | Climate and Weather KEY: weather NOT: powerful forces that shape Earth, including global movements, water, and sunlight, shape weather 11. ANS: B PTS: 5 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC3.1.2 Students will know that weather and climate are described using precipitation and temperature. | S.CC3.1.3 Students will differentiate between weather and climate. STA: CS.3.2 TOP: Climate and Ecosystems | Climate and Weather KEY: precipitation NOT: Precipitation and temperature are the main ways to describe both daily weather and long-term climate. 12. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L2 OBJ: S.CC3.3.1 Students will know that water affects climate and weather.| S.CC3.3.3 Students will identify major ocean currents and their effects on water and air temperature. STA: CS.3.2 TOP: Climate and Ecosystems | Water and Climate KEY: ocean currents | climate NOT: Ocean currents act like large rivers in the Earth’s oceans and help spread Earth’s heat and shape climates. 13. ANS: OBJ: STA: KEY: NOT: C PTS: 5 DIF: L3 S.CC3.3.1 Students will know that water affects climate and weather. CS.3.2 TOP: Climate and Ecosystems | Water and Climate water | air temperature Water temperature affects climate by affecting the air temperature near it. 14. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L2 OBJ: S.CC3.3.1 Students will know that water affects climate and weather. | S.CC3.3.3 Students will identify major ocean currents and their effects on water and air temperature. STA: CS.3.2 TOP: Climate and Ecosystems | Water and Climate KEY: ocean currents | water | air temperature NOT: Ocean currents move water great distances. The Labrador and Canary currents are ocean currents that carry cool water. Cool water chills the air near it. 15. ANS: OBJ: STA: KEY: NOT: B PTS: 3 DIF: L2 S.CC3.4.2 Students will know that air movement leads to precipitation and intense storms. CS.3.2 TOP: Climate and Ecosystems | Air Circulation and Precipitation precipitation | warm air Precipitation is heaviest near the Equator, where air usually rises. 16. ANS: D PTS: 3 DIF: L2 OBJ: S.CC3.4.2 Students will know that air movement leads to precipitation and intense storms. | S.CC3.4.4 Students will learn the connection between wind and precipitation and how this can produce extreme weather. STA: CS.3.2 TOP: Climate and Ecosystems | Air Circulation and Precipitation KEY: air movement | storms NOT: Most storms occur when two air masses of different temperatures or moisture contents come together. 17. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC3.4.1 Students will know that wind and air currents move heat and moisture between different parts of Earth. | S.CC3.4.2 Students will know that air movement leads to precipitation and intense storms. | S.CC3.4.4 Students will learn the connection between wind and precipitation and how this can produce extreme weather. STA: CS.3.2 TOP: Climate and Ecosystems | Air Circulation and Precipitation KEY: air movement | cyclones | hurricanes | tornadoes NOT: Most storms occur when two air masses of different temperatures or moisture contents come together. 18. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L2 OBJ: S.CC3.6.1 Students will know that an ecosystem is a network of living things that depend on one another and their environment for survival. | S.CC3.6.2 Students will examine the interdependent relationships of plants and animals within an ecosystem. STA: CS.3.2 TOP: Climate and Ecosystems | Ecosystems KEY: ecosystem NOT: definition of ecosystem 19. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L2 OBJ: S.CC3.6.1 Students will know that an ecosystem is a network of living things that depend on one another and their environment for survival. | S.CC3.6.3 Students will learn the characteristics of specific ecosystems. TOP: Climate and Ecosystems | Ecosystems KEY: ecosystem | deciduous tree NOT: definition of temperate forest 20. ANS: D PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC3.6.1 Students will know that an ecosystem is a network of living things that depend on one another and their environment for survival. TOP: Climate and Ecosystems | Ecosystems KEY: ecosystems NOT: Ecosystems can change over time due to physical processes or human activities. 21. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L2 OBJ: S.CC3.5.2 Students will know that Earth has a number of different climate regions. | S.CC3.5.3 Students will review the importance of temperature and precipitation in shaping climate regions. | S.CC3.5.4 Students will compare and contrast several different climate regions. STA: CS.3.2 TOP: Climate and Ecosystems | Types of Climate KEY: climate regions | tropical wet | tropical wet and dry NOT: Use table of climate types included in narrative | Tropical wet and dry climates are climates with a wet season in the summer and a dry season in the winter. 22. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L2 OBJ: S.CC3.5.1 Students will know that temperature, precipitation, and wind interact to form global patterns. | S.CC3.5.3 Students will review the importance of temperature and precipitation in shaping climate regions. STA: CS.3.2 TOP: Climate and Ecosystems | Types of Climate KEY: temperature | precipitation | wind NOT: The most important shapers of climate are temperature, precipitation, and wind. 23. ANS: C PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC3.5.2 Students will know that Earth has a number of different climate regions.|S.CC3.5.3 Students will review the importance of temperature and precipitation in shaping climate regions. STA: CS.3.2 TOP: Climate and Ecosystems | Types of Climate KEY: global climate patterns regions NOT: Climate regions are areas that share a similar climate. 24. ANS: D PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC7.1.1 Students will know that every culture has a distinctive set of cultural traits. | S.CC7.1.3 Students will identify the elements that make up culture. STA: CS.4.1 TOP: Culture and Geography | What is Culture? KEY: culture | cultural traits NOT: definition of culture 25. ANS: OBJ: STA: KEY: C PTS: 3 DIF: L3 S.CC7.1.1 Students will know that every culture has a distinctive set of cultural traits. CS.4.1 TOP: Culture and Geography | What is Culture? culture | cultural traits NOT: definition of cultural traits 26. ANS: D PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC7.1.2 Students will know that Earth has thousands of different cultures. | S.CC7.1.4 Students will examine the relationship between culture and geography. STA: CS.4.1 TOP: Culture and Geography | What is Culture? KEY: culture region | cultural landscape NOT: definition of cultural region 27. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC7.2.2 Students will know that family structures vary in different cultures, but every society has organized relationships among groups of people. | S.CC7.2.3 Students will identify the relationships that form families. STA: CS.4.1 TOP: Culture and Geography | Families and Societies KEY: society | shared culture | cultural traits NOT: definition of society 28. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC7.2.1 Students will know that the most basic unit of any society is the family. | S.CC7.2.4 Students will compare the networks that create social structure and social classes. TOP: Culture and Geography | Families and Societies KEY: family | society | family structure NOT: The most basic unit of any society is the family. 29. ANS: D PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC7.2.2 Students will know that family structures vary in different cultures, but every society has organized relationships among groups of people. | S.CC7.2.4 Students will compare the networks that create social structure and social classes. TOP: Culture and Geography | Families and Societies KEY: social structure | social class | society NOT: Industrial societies often organize members according to their social class. 30. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L2 OBJ: S.CC7.3.1 Students will know that language provides the basis for culture. | S.CC7.3.3 Students will describe the role of language in culture. STA: CS.4.1 TOP: Culture and Geography | Language KEY: language | culture | society NOT: Language makes it possible for people to communicate. 31. ANS: OBJ: STA: KEY: NOT: C PTS: 3 DIF: L3 S.CC7.3.4 Students will identify major world languages and where they are spoken. CS.4.1 TOP: Culture and Geography | Language society | language | culture One of the main languages spoken by Indo-Europeans is German. 32. ANS: OBJ: STA: KEY: D PTS: 3 DIF: L3 S.CC7.3.2 Students will know that language can unify people or keep them apart. CS.4.1 TOP: Culture and Geography | Language culture | society NOT: Language can unify people or keep them apart. 33. ANS: C PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC7.4.2 Students will know that the world has many different religions. | S.CC7.4.4 Students will identify locations where major religions are practiced. STA: CS.4.1 TOP: Culture and Geography | Religion KEY: origins | major religions NOT: The world’s major religions began in Asia. 34. ANS: D PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC7.4.1 Students will know that religious beliefs play an important role in shaping cultures. STA: CS.4.1 TOP: Culture and Geography | Religion KEY: culture | religion NOT: Religion is people’s beliefs and practices about the existence, nature, and worship of a god or gods. Religion can help people answer questions about the meaning of life. 35. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC7.4.2 Students will know that the world has many different religions. | S.CC7.4.3 Students will draw conclusions about connections among religion, ethics, and culture. STA: CS.4.1 TOP: Culture and Geography | Religion KEY: world religions NOT: All religions have prayers and rituals. Followers also observe religious holidays. 36. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC7.5.1 Students will know that art is an important part of culture. | S.CC7.5.2 Students will know that works of art can reveal a lot about society. | S.CC7.5.3 Students will value the arts and the themes it expresses within a culture. TOP: Culture and Geography | The Arts KEY: architecture | resources | art NOT: Architectural works can be important cultural symbols. 37. ANS: C PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC7.6.2 Students will know that cultural traits can spread from one culture to another. | S.CC7.6.4 Students will examine the effects of modern technology on cultural awareness. STA: CS.4.1 TOP: Culture and Geography | Cultural Diffusion and Change KEY: diversity | global communication NOT: These people fear that the things that make people and cultures unique and interesting might disappear. They worry that we might end up with only a single worldwide culture. 38. ANS: C PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC7.6.2 Students will know that cultural traits can spread from one culture to another. | S.CC7.6.3 Students will determine how and why cultures influence other cultures. STA: CS.4.1 TOP: Culture and Geography | Cultural Diffusion and Change KEY: cultural diffusion | transmitting culture NOT: Migrants bring cultural traditions with them to their new homelands. 39. ANS: A PTS: 5 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC7.6.1 Students will know that cultures change over time. | S.CC7.6.3 Students will determine how and why cultures influence other cultures. STA: CS.4.1 TOP: Culture and Geography | Cultural Diffusion and Change KEY: cultural change | diffusion NOT: In general, for a new cultural trait to be adopted by a culture, it must offer some benefit or improvement over an existing trait. 40. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC7.7.1 Students will know that cultures often develop along with science and technology. TOP: Culture and Geography | Science and Technology KEY: science | technology | cultural development NOT: These advances led to the first civilizations, or societies with complex cultures, about 5,000 years ago. 41. ANS: C PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC7.7.2 Students will know that technological advances have greatly changed human life. | S.CC7.7.3 Students will analyze the effects of advances in technology on culture. TOP: Culture and Geography | Science and Technology KEY: technology | culture | education NOT: The printing press was used to print materials, which people then read. The printing press allowed the mass production of books, which spread knowledge and idea and increased the number of educated people. 42. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC7.7.1 Students will know that cultures often develop along with science and technology. | S.CC7.7.4 Students will describe technological advances that improve the standard of living. STA: CS.4.1 TOP: Culture and Geography | Science and Technology KEY: cultural change | science | technology NOT: Technology is the way that people use tools and machines. The other 3 choices are examples or users of technology. 43. ANS: D PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC5.3.2 Students will know that most societies have economic systems with some element of government control. | S.CC5.3.3 Students will examine the four types of economies. STA: CS.4.2 TOP: Economics and Geography | Economic Systems KEY: government NOT: In reality, pure market or command economies do not exist. Most societies have mixed economies with varying levels of government control. 44. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC5.4.1 Students will know that the level of a country's development has direct effects on the lives of its people. STA: CS.5.1 TOP: Economics and Geography | Economic Development KEY: development | developed country 45. ANS: D PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC5.5.1 Students will know that individuals and countries trade with one another to get the things they need and want. | S.CC5.5.4 Students will investigate the workings of domestic, international, and free trade. STA: CS.4.4 TOP: Economics and Geography | Trade KEY: domestic trade 46. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC5.5.2 Students will know that many countries are working toward the removal of trade barriers. | S.CC5.5.4 Students will investigate the workings of domestic, international, and free trade. STA: CS.4.2 | CS.4.4 KEY: trade barrier TOP: Economics and Geography | Trade 47. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L2 OBJ: S.CC8.1.1 Students will know that governments are created to keep order in a society and provide for the people's common needs. | S.CC8.1.3 Students will identify the origin and purposes of government. STA: CS.4.3 TOP: Government and Citizenship | Foundations of Government KEY: government NOT: Limited and unlimited governments are specific cases of governments, so only the answer "government" applies to all groups with the power to make and enforce laws. 48. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC8.2.1 Students will know that types of states have varied throughout history. STA: CS.4.3 TOP: Government and Citizenship | Political Systems KEY: nation-states NOT: Nation-states are identified in the text as the most common type of state today. City-states and empires were more common earlier in history, and democracies are one type of government found today, but not the most common. 49. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC8.2.2 Students will know that there are many different kinds of government.| S.CC8.2.4 Students will describe the characteristics of various forms of government. STA: CS.4.3 TOP: Government and Citizenship | Political Systems KEY: empire NOT: An empire is a state made up of several countries. A monarchy could also be an empire, but not all monarchies are empires. Democracy and communism are government types that have nothing to do with the size of the state. 50. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC8.2.2 Students will know that there are many different kinds of government.| S.CC8.2.4 Students will describe the characteristics of various forms of government. STA: CS.4.3 TOP: Government and Citizenship | Political Systems KEY: monarchy | democracy NOT: The diagram shows a monarch sharing power with other branches of government, which is a characteristic of a constitutional monarchy. Absolute monarchs do not share power, and democracies and communist governments do not have kings or queens. 51. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC8.3.2 Students will know that the U.S. government follows basic democratic principles.| S.CC8.3.4 Students will identify the principles of the U.S. government and the powers of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. STA: CS.4.3 TOP: Government and Citizenship | Political Structures KEY: majority rule | minority rights NOT: Majority rule means that a majority of representatives must vote for a law before it can pass, but in the United States, such laws must still respect the rights of the minority. 52. ANS: C PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC8.3.2 Students will know that the U.S. government follows basic democratic principles.| S.CC8.3.4 Students will identify the principles of the U.S. government and the powers of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. STA: CS.4.3 TOP: Government and Citizenship | Political Structures KEY: separation of powers | executive | legislative | judicial NOT: The executive branch is responsible for conducting foreign policy. The legislative branch levies taxes and passes laws, while the judicial branch rules on the constitutionality of the laws. 53. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC8.3.2 Students will know that the U.S. government follows basic democratic principles.| S.CC8.3.4 Students will identify the principles of the U.S. government and the powers of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. STA: CS.4.3 TOP: Government and Citizenship | Political Structures KEY: separation of powers | checks and balances NOT: This principle is known as checks and balances. Separation of powers refers to the division of basic powers between three branches. The federal system is the hierarchy of central, regional, and local governments. Minority rights is a principle that applies to the laws that may be passed. 54. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC8.5.1 Students will know that citizens have basic rights, but those rights come with responsibilities. | S.CC8.5.3 Students will identify the sources of citizens' rights and the responsibilities that accompany these rights. STA: CS.4.3 TOP: Government and Citizenship | Citizenship KEY: citizenship | politics NOT: The citizens of the United States are the ultimate source of all political power wielded by the government in our representative democracy. Political parties and interest groups share political influence and derive their power from the citizens who support them. 55. ANS: OBJ: other TOP: KEY: C PTS: 3 DIF: L2 S.CC4.1.1 Students will know that people depend on the environment for food, water, energy, and natural resources. STA: CS.5.2 Human–Environment Interaction | Environment and Resources natural resource | water NOT: definition of natural resource 56. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L2 OBJ: S.CC4.1.2 Students will know that some resources are replaced by Earth over time, but others are not. | S.CC4.1.3 Students will recognize the difference between renewable and nonrenewable energy sources. STA: CS.5.2 TOP: Human–Environment Interaction | Environment and Resources KEY: nonrenewable resource | fossil fuels NOT: Oil is an example of nonrenewable resource; the rest of the choices are all considered renewable resources. 57. ANS: B PTS: 5 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC4.1.2 Students will know that some resources are replaced by Earth over time, but others are not. STA: CS.5.2 TOP: Human–Environment Interaction | Environment and Resources KEY: plants | renewable resource NOT: definition of renewable resource and example of renewable resource (plants) 58. ANS: OBJ: STA: KEY: NOT: area. B PTS: 3 DIF: L2 S.CC4.2.2 Students will know that land use can change over time. CS.4.5 TOP: Human–Environment Interaction | Land Use colonization definition of colonization | Colonization is a movement of new settlers and their culture to an 59. ANS: A PTS: 5 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC4.2.2 Students will know that land use can change over time. | S.CC4.2.4 Students will investigate how colonization and modern technology have changed the way people use land. STA: CS.5.3 TOP: Human–Environment Interaction | Land Use KEY: industrialization | changing environment NOT: Since the 1800s, industrialization has changed landscapes in many countries. Large cities have grown around factories. 60. ANS: OBJ: TOP: NOT: D PTS: 3 DIF: L3 S.CC4.2.1 Students will know that people use land in different ways. Human–Environment Interaction | Land Use KEY: land use | settlers Settlers are most likely to change a region's landscape. 61. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L2 OBJ: S.CC4.3.1 Students will know that people affect the environment in many ways. | S.CC4.3.3 Students will analyze the link between human activity and environmental problems. STA: CS.5.3 | CS.5.4 TOP: Human–Environment Interaction | People's Impact on the Environment KEY: human activities | biodiversity NOT: Deforestation and producing oil can also reduce biodiversity. 62. ANS: C PTS: 5 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC4.3.1 Students will know that people affect the environment in many ways. | S.CC4.3.3 Students will analyze the link between human activity and environmental problems. STA: CS.5.5.A TOP: Human–Environment Interaction | People's Impact on the Environment KEY: negative impacts | pollution NOT: Some fertilizers and pesticides that help plants grow and kill insects can also harm the environment by causing pollution. 63. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L2 OBJ: S.CC4.3.2 Students will know that people try to decrease the negative effects of using resources. | S.CC4.3.4 Students will identify ways to reduce people's harmful impact on the environment. STA: CS.5.5.C TOP: Human–Environment Interaction | People's Impact on the Environment KEY: pollution NOT: One way of protecting the environment is for people to use less oil. 64. ANS: D PTS: 3 DIF: L2 OBJ: S.CC4.3.2 Students will know that people try to decrease the negative effects of using resources. | S.CC4.3.3 Students will analyze the link between human activity and environmental problems. TOP: Human–Environment Interaction | People's Impact on the Environment KEY: pollution 65. ANS: D PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S.CC6.1, p. 75 OBJ: S.CC6.1.2 Students will know that population growth can affect economic development and the environment. | S.CC6.1.4 Students will identify the causes and effects of rapid population growth. STA: CS.4.5 TOP: population and movement | population growth KEY: population growth MSC: remediation: go to the Visual Glossary on the Digital Path NOT: The environment often suffers as well, as people use up resources to survive. 66. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S.CC6.1, p. 74 OBJ: S.CC6.1.1 Students will know that Earth’s population has grown quickly in recent years. | S.CC6.1.4 Students will identify the causes and effects of rapid population growth. STA: CS.4.5 TOP: population and movement | population growth KEY: population growth | birth rate | death rate MSC: remediation: go to the Visual Glossary on the Digital Path NOT: When the birth rate is higher than the death rate, a population tends to grow. 67. ANS: OBJ: STA: KEY: NOT: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S.CC6.2, p. 76 S.CC6.2.1 Students will know that the distribution of a population can vary greatly within an area. CS.4.5 TOP: population and movement | population distribution population MSC: remediation: go to the Visual Glossary on the Digital Path definition of country’s population 68. ANS: C PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S.CC6.2, p. 76 OBJ: S.CC6.2.1 Students will know that the distribution of a population can vary greatly within an area.|S.CC6.2.3 Students will identify patterns of population distribution. STA: CS.4.5 TOP: population and movement | population distribution KEY: population | population distribution MSC: remediation: go to the Visual Glossary on the Digital Path NOT: definition of population distribution 69. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S.CC6.2, p. 77 OBJ: S.CC6.2.2 Students will know that population density has important effects on an area. | S.CC6.2.4 Students will define population density. STA: CS.4.5 TOP: population and movement | population distribution KEY: population density MSC: remediation: go to the Visual Glossary on the Digital Path NOT: definition of population density 70. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S.CC6.3, p. 79 OBJ: S.CC6.3.1 Students will know that people move from one place to another for a number of reasons. | S.CC6.3.3 Students will investigate the reasons why people leave one place and settle in another. STA: CS.4.5 TOP: population and movement | migration KEY: migration | push factor MSC: remediation: go to the Visual Glossary on the Digital Path NOT: definition of push factors 71. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S.CC6.3, p. 78 OBJ: S.CC6.3.1 Students will know that people move from one place to another for a number of reasons. | S.CC6.3.4 Students will describe historic voluntary and involuntary migrations. TOP: population and movement | migration KEY: migration | early migration MSC: remediation: go to the Visual Glossary on the Digital Path NOT: Scientists believe that more than 50,000 years ago, a group of early humans migrated from Africa to Asia. 72. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S.6.4, p. 81 OBJ: S.CC6.4.2 Students will know that the growth of cities has created many challenges. | S.CC6.4.4 Students will examine the various issues that result from urbanization. TOP: population and movement | urbanization KEY: rapid urbanization MSC: remediation: go to the Visual Glossary on the Digital Path NOT: Slums and suburban sprawl are two major problems created by urbanization. 73. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L2 REF: S.CC6.4, p. 81 OBJ: S.CC6.4.2 Students will know that the growth of cities has created many challenges. | S.CC6.4.4 Students will examine the various issues that result from urbanization. TOP: population and movement | urbanization KEY: slums MSC: remediation: go to the Visual Glossary on the Digital Path NOT: People in slums are unable to meet their basic needs, such as enough food and clean water. 74. ANS: C PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.1.1.1 Students will know that the United States is a large country with a variety of physical features. STA: CS.2.1.B | CS.3.1.B TOP: United States | physical features KEY: elevation | region NOT: The highest elevations in the United States are found in the Rocky Mountains. 75. ANS: D PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.1.1.3 Students will know that the physical features of the United States affect where people have settled, though today, many Americans have moved from the country to the city. | S.1.1.4 Students will know the seven major continental regions of the United States. STA: CS.4.5 TOP: United States | regions KEY: settlement | Northeast | South | Midwest | West NOT: The Northeast and South were among the first regions settled by Europeans, as they lie along the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Coast. Early American settlers arrived in the Midwest before settling the West. 76. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L2 OBJ: S.1.1.1 Students will know that the United States is a large country with a variety of physical features. | S.1.1.3 Students will know that the physical features of the United States affect where people have settled, though today, many Americans have moved from the country to the city. STA: CS.4.5 TOP: United States | physical features KEY: rivers | mountains | Great Plains | settlement NOT: Mountains are barriers to transportation, the Great Plains did not attract large numbers of settlers, and the Great Lakes are present in only one part of the country. Rivers are present throughout and, as noted in the text, many towns sprang up along rivers. 77. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.1.2.1 Students will know that Native American culture in the United States varied widely according to the resources available in the region they lived. STA: CS.4.5 TOP: United States | culture KEY: region | Native Americans NOT: The other three regions were much drier, with little opportunity to use canoes. The text specifically notes that Eastern woodlands Native Americans used canoes. 78. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.1.3.1 Students will know that the U.S. is a world superpower because of its large economy, military, and the availability of technology. | S.1.3.4 Students will know the extent of United States influence. STA: CS.2.4.B | CS.4.4 TOP: United States | economy KEY: trade | NAFTA NOT: The North American Free Trade Agreement unites America, Canada, and Mexico. 79. ANS: A PTS: 1 80. ANS: D PTS: 1 81. ANS: A PTS: 1 82. ANS: B PTS: 1 83. ANS: A PTS: 1 84. ANS: C PTS: 1 85. ANS: A PTS: 1 86. ANS: A PTS: 1 87. ANS: C PTS: 1 88. ANS: C PTS: 1 89. ANS: B PTS: 1 90. ANS: C PTS: 1 91. ANS: D PTS: 1 92. ANS: D PTS: 1 93. ANS: C PTS: 1 94. ANS: A PTS: 1 95. ANS: B PTS: 1 96. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC1.4.2 Students will know that though different maps show different things about a place, you can use the same tools to help understand them. | S.CC1.4.3 Students will identify different parts of a map. STA: CS.1.3 TOP: Tools of Geography | Understanding Maps KEY: compass rose NOT: The compass rose shows directions and would appear on both a physical map and a road map. 97. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC1.5.1 Students will know that maps can show many different kinds of information. | S.CC1.5.2 Students will know that political, physical, and special-purpose maps are the main types of maps. | S.CC1.5.3 Students will identify different kinds of maps. TOP: Tools of Geography | Types of Maps KEY: physical map NOT: Physical maps display natural features such as mountain ranges and rivers. 98. ANS: D PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC1.2.1 Students will know that using the five themes can help you make sense of geography. | S.CC1.2.3 Students will identify the five themes of geography. TOP: Tools of Geography | Geography's Five Themes KEY: themes NOT: The five themes of geography are location, place, region, movement, and human-environment interaction 99. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC9.1.1 Students will know that throughout history, societies and cultures have organized time in different ways. | S.CC9.1.3 Students will understand various ways of measuring the passage of time. TOP: Tools of History | Measuring Time KEY: chronology NOT: A chronology is a list of events in the order in which they occurred. 100. ANS: D PTS: 3 DIF: L3 OBJ: S.CC9.2.1 Students will know that historical sources can provide important information. | S.CC9.2.3 Students will know the difference between and the value of primary and secondary sources and artifacts. STA: CS.1.1 TOP: Tools of History | Historical Sources KEY: primary source NOT: Movies, encyclopedia articles, and textbooks are secondary sources. A photograph is a primary source.
