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Excretion
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Question 1
A
B
C
D
E
F
a) The diagram shows a kidney which is an organ used for excretion in humans.
The white material outside the kidney is fat.
Explain the term excretion.
Why is the kidney covered in a layer of fat?
How many kidneys do humans have?
Select the letter/s from the diagram that show the position of the kidneys in humans.
Letter/s
Why are excretory organs essential in humans?
b) The diagram shows the structure of the human urinary system.
H
G
J
T
S
P
Complete the table below.
Part Labelled in diagram
Name of the Part
Function of the Part
Part Labelled J
Part Labelled H
Renal Artery
Part Labelled G
Carries Blood Away from J
Part Labelled T
Part Labelled S
Part Labelled P
Why is S situated below the kidneys?
There is a small circular muscle at the exit of the S. What do you think is its purpose?
Question 2
a) The lungs and the skin have an excretory role in humans.
Name two substances excreted by the lungs.
Substance 1:
Substance 2:
Where were these substances produced in the body?
Name two substances excreted by the skin.
Substance 1:
Substance 2:
b) Water is released from the body by the lungs, the skin and the kidney at different
rates under different conditions.
How do you think each of the three excretory organs would react on a very hot day?
Would they release more or less water?
Lungs
Explain your answer:
Skin
Explain your answer:
Kidney
Explain your answer:
Every 24 hours, the kidneys filter about 200 litres of fluid from the bloodstream.
About 2 litres of this is removed from the body in the form of urine, the rest is
retained in the body. What is filtered by the kidney to form urine?
Name three things normally present in urine.
1.
2.
3.
Doctors test a patient’s urine to detect certain conditions, e.g. pregnancy or
diabetes. Why or how do you think a patient’s urine can help the doctor detect these
conditions?
The picture shows a man with kidney disease. He is
connected to a dialysis machine.What do you think
is the purpose of this machine?
Why is it important to carry a kidney donor card?
The first successful living kidney transplant was performed
in 1954. Richard and Ronald Herrick were identical twins
(pictured on right), but Richard was dying from kidney disease.
Ronald donated one of his kidneys, and it was successfully
transplanted into Richard.
What is meant by the word transplanted?
Suggest one reason why this kidney transplant from his brother was successful.
Reason:
A kidney donor can give a kidney at any time and stay alive, but a heart donor is
always a person who has just died. Why the difference?
Question 3
An investigation was carried out into the rate of urine production in normal humans.
Ten people fasted overnight, then, at 8.00 a.m., emptied their bladders.
Five of the people then each drank 1 litre of water, while the other five (the control
group) drank nothing. All ten then remained at rest and emptied their bladders every
a hour for 5 hours. The average volume of urine produced every hour by each of the
two groups was recorded. The results are shown in the graph below.
People who
drank 1 litre
of water
Volume of
3
urine/cm
Control
group
0
1
2
3
4
5
Time/hours
Using the data from the graph, fill in the table below.
Time/hours
Vol of urine produced
by water drinkers/cm3
Vol of urine produced by
3
control group/cm
1
2
3
4
5
a) Describe the results obtained for the control group.
b) Compare the results for the group who drank water with those for the control group.
c) Explain the changes in the volumes of urine produced by the group who drank water,
over the time period from 1 to 4 hours.
d) Suggest how the results for this group might have differed if they had taken exercise
during the experiment.
Explain your answer:
e) Would the temperature of the day have an effect on the volume of urine produced by
both groups?
Explain your answer:
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