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STUDY GUIDE KEY Weather Test Study Guide Vocabulary: Know the meanings of the following words: Barometer - TOOL USED TO MEASURE AIR PRESSURE Land Breeze - LAND COOLS FASTER THAN THE SEA AND WARM AIR RISES FROM THE SEA, PULLING IN AIR FROM THE COOLER LAND SURFACE Sea Breeze - LAND HEATS UP FASTER THAN WATER AND WARM AIR RISES FROM THE LAND, PULLING IN COOL AIR FROM THE SEA Altitude - THE HEIGHT ABOVE SEA LEVEL Latitude - THE DISTANCE FROM THE EQUATOR Psychrometer - A TOOL THAT MEASURES RELATIVE HUMIDITY Cold Front - A COLD AIR MASS FORCES WARM AIR TO RISE AND COOL Warm Front - A WARM AIR MASS RIDES UP AND OVER COOLER AIR Weather - THE TEMPORARY STATE OF THE ATMOSPHERE AT A GIVEN PLACE AND TIME Climate - THE AVERAGE WEATHER CONDITIONS OF A PLACE OVER TIME. Air Masses Know the characteristics of an air mass. CONSISTENT TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE CONTENT THROUGHOUT Understand that air masses with different properties do not mix easily. Know what is formed when two air masses with different properties try to mix. __FRONT____ Know what the visible results of the interactions of air masses are called. _____CLOUDS_______ Know what provides the energy needed to make the weather. _____SUN_______ 1 STUDY GUIDE KEY Latitude and Altitude Be able to answer the following questions in terms of latitude and altitude. • Why is it always so cold at the South and North Pole? THEY ARE FARTHEST AWAY FROM THE EQUATOR. AS LATITUDE INCREASES, TEMPERATURE DECREASES. • Why is it that we can have snow-covered mountains in Peru, which is very close to the equator, where it is hot and humid year round? AREAS AT HIGHER ALTITUDES ARE COOLER. AS ALTITUDE INCREASES, TEMPERATURE DECREASES. Pressure Systems Know what kind of pressure center fronts usually extend from. ____LOW_______ Know what kinds of weather high and low pressures bring. HIGH PRESSURE = CLEAR, DRY, COOLER CONDITIONS (GOOD WEATHER) LOW PRESSURE = CLOUDY, MORE HUMID, PRECIPITATION (BAD WEATHER) Understand how air moves in high and low pressure systems. LOW PRESSURE = AIR IS RISING SLOWLY; CAUSED WHEN AIR WARMS UP HIGH PRESSURE = AIR IS SINKING FASTER SO PUSHING MORE PRESSURE ON THE GROUND; AIR COOLS OVER THE OCEAN AND BEGINS TO SINK Clouds Know how to explain what cloud types mean based on the parts of their name. For example, altostratus means “mid-level stratus cloud.” Know meanings of: Alto___MID-LEVEL__________ Cirro ____HIGH-LEVEL_________ Nimbus ____MULTI-LAYER; BRINGING RAIN_______________ Know that no prefix means “Low level.” 2 STUDY GUIDE KEY Global Wind Patterns & Coriolis Force Know what causes wind. UNEVEN HEATING OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE/ATMOSPHERE CAUSING THE EQUATOR TO HAVE MORE ENERGY THAN THE POLES Understand how easterlies and westerlies are named. WINDS ARE NAMED FOR THE DIRECTION THEY START – EASTERLIES MOVE FROM EAST TO WEST – WESTERLIES MOVE FROM WEST TO EAST Understand that warm air rises and cold air sinks. Cold air takes the place of warm air when it rises. – WARM AIR RISES BECAUSE IT IS NOT DENSE (PARTICLES ARE FURTHER APART) – COLD AIR SINKS BECAUSE IT IS DENSE (PARTICLES ARE PACKED MORE CLOSELY TOGETHER) – HOT AIR IS LIGHTER THAN COLD AIR BECAUSE THE COLD AIR HAS MORE PARTICLES IN THE SAME AMOUNT OF SPACE – COLD AIR TAKES THE PLACE OF WARM AIR WHEN IT RISES Air near the poles falls and air near the equator rises. Explain why. – AIR NEAR THE POLES IS COLD, THEREFORE IT IS MORE DENSE – AIR NEAR THE EQUATOR IS WARM, THERE FORE IT IS LESS DENSE What effect does the Coriolis effect have on wind? CAUSES IT TO CURVE What would happen to the direction of winds without the Coriolis effect? WINDS WOULD BLOW IN STRAIGHT LINES Atmosphere Be able to order the layers of the atmosphere in order. (FROM CLOSEST TO FARTHEST FROM EARTH) TROPOSPHERE STRATOSPHERE MESOSPHERE THERMOSPHERE EXOSPHERE 3