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THE HOLOCAUST
The Holocaust: Attempt to rid Europe of all Jews.
Anti Semitism: Hatred and discrimination against Jews
Aryan Supremacy: Belief that a master race should control all other races and rule
the world.
Gestapo: Nazi Secret Police
Ghetto: Neighborhood where Jews were forced to live in terrible conditions.
Synagogue: Jewish place of worship
Deported: to be sent away
Liberate: to free
Genocide: to murder an entire people on purpose
Auschwitz: One of the worst Concentration Camps.
HOW WERE JEWS DISCRIMINATED AGAINST? Boycott of Jewish Stores Threats Segregation Concentration Camps: Separation from family Forced to be slaves Tortured & Murdered Over 6 million Jews were killed or died during the Holocaust
The Holocaust
One of the greatest evils of World War II took place in the concentration camps and death camps of Nazi Germany.
The Holocaust was the persecution and murder of more than 12 million innocent men, women, and children during
World War II.
What was the Holocaust? As Adolph Hitler and the Nazi party rose to power, they began to spread their views about Aryan supremacy, or
the superiority of the German race, to the German people. Hitler believed that “true Germans” had blond hair and
blue eyes and were better than other Germans and other nationalities. He encouraged Germans to stay “pure” by
not marrying Jews or people of other races or nationalities.
What is Aryan Supremacy? Hitler had particularly strong feelings about the Jewish people. He believed that the Jewish people were responsible
for many of the evils in the world and Germany. He soon began to pass laws that took away the rights and freedoms of Jews. This prejudice or cruel and unfair treatment of Jews is called anti-Semitism. Hitler did not
stop there. His evil plan also included a systematic attempt to rid Europe of all Jews.
What did Hitler begin to do in Germany? What is anti‐Semitism? What was Hitler’s plan? The Nazis used many tactics to discriminate against the Jewish people in Germany. Across Germany, Jews were
threatened and attacked and Jewish property was vandalized. A boycott of Jewish businesses was enacted
along with increasingly harsh racist laws. With the passing of these laws, Jews could no longer hold government
jobs, were stripped of their citizenship and the right to vote, could not attend German schools or universities, were
forbidden to marry non-Jews, and were not allowed to attend social events like plays or movies.
What were two tactics that the Nazis used to discriminate against the Jewish people?
Jews were also segregated from the rest of the German population and forced to live in crowded, filthy ghettos.
Tens of thousands of Jews died from starvation and diseases like typhoid in the unsanitary conditions. Curfews were
also established and Jews could not leave their neighborhoods without police permission.
What was another tactic used to discriminate against the Jewish people? By 1940, Hitler began deporting Jews from the ghettos and Germany’s occupied lands to concentration camps.
Concentration camps were prisons in which “enemies of the German nation” were taken or concentrated. Millions of
prisoners died in concentration camps due to mistreatment, disease, starvation and overwork, or they were executed because they were not able to work. Before the end of the war more than 100 such camps were set up. It
was at another type of camp, known as a death camp, that the “Final Solution to the Jewish Question” became
evident. Death camps had only one purpose: the extermination of all European Jews.
What was another tactic that Hitler began using? What is a concentration camp? What was the “Final Solution to the Jewish Question”? Over the next few years, as many as 12 million people were murdered in concentration camps and death camps.
Not all of those murdered were Jews. Other groups like the handicapped, the ill, those who disagreed with Hitler’s
politics, and Gypsies were also held and murdered in these camps.
What happened to the millions of prisoners in the concentration camps? What was the purpose of death camps? When Hitler and his forces realized that the end of the war was near, they attempted to cover up the atrocities, or
horrible acts, that were occurring inside the concentration camps and death camps. Buildings, gas chambers, and
crematories were destroyed. Documents were burned, bodies were disposed of, and able-bodied prisoners were
evacuated to other sites. With the end of the war came the liberation of Jews and others in concentration
camps by the Allied forces. General Eisenhower later remarked that if the American soldier did not know what he
was fighting for, he would now know what he was fighting against.
What happened at the end of the war? Anti-Semitism
Holocaust
Aryan supremacy
Murdered
systematic
Jews
Prejudice
segregate
concentration camp
Boycott
liberated
threatened
Adolf Hitler had a strong hatred of the Jewish people. Such hatred is called
____________________________. He also believed in _________________________________, which was the
superiority of non-Jewish Caucasians. He decided to make an organized or ____________________________ attempt to rid Europe of all _________________________.
To meet his objective Hitler did several things. First members of his Nazi Party
____________________________ Jews and the people who worked with them. They urged Germans to
_________________________ all Jewish owned stores. As Hitler’s power became greater his attacks on the Jews
increased. He took away their rights and their possessions and then began to ____________________________
them by moving them into parts of cities called ghettos.
After the war broke out Hitler’s policies took an even darker turn. He instituted a policy called the “final solution” in which Jews and other minorities were moved into prisons called ________________________________.
They forced able-bodied people to work and all others were ____________________________. Over 6 million
Jews were treated this way. At the end of the war the survivors were ____________________________ by the Allied forces.
THE HOLOCAUST 1. ___ ___ T ___ ‐ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 2. ___ H ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 3. ___ E ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 4. ___ ___ ___ ___ H 5. ___ O 6. L 7. ___ ___ ___ ___ O 8. ___ ___ ___ C 9. ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ A 10. ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ U 11. ___ ___ ___ S 12. ___ ___ ___ ___ T ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 1. This term means “discrimination against or prejudice toward someone who is Jewish.” 2. In the early years of Hitler’s control over Germany, Jews were the victims of _____. 3. The systematic extermination (killing) of a group of people, such as the Jews in the Holocaust, was known as _____. 4. The largest of the Nazi death camps, it was located near Cracow, Poland. 5. Healthy victims of the Holocaust were required to do this when they arrived at the camps. 6. As World War II neared its end, the Allied soldiers helped to _____ the camps. 7. The first nationwide, planned action against Jews in Germany was a _____ of Jewish businesses beginning April 1, 1933. 8. The guarded compounds set up to imprison victims of the Nazis prior to and during World War II were called _____ camps. 9. This term means “forced separation of the races.” 10. Hitler believed in racial purity and the superiority of the Germanic race, which was known as _____. 11. This group of people comprised approximately six million of the Holocaust’s eleven million victims. 12.When violence against Jews broke out on the night of November 9, 1938, it was called _____ referring to the broken glass from Jewish store windows that could be found in the street after Nazi destruction of synagogues (Jewish places of worship), busi‐
nesses, and lives. WORD BANK JEWS  SEGREGATION  THREATS  LIBERATE  KRISTALLNACHT ARYAN SUPREMACY  CONCENTRATION  AUSCHWITZ  GENOCIDE FORCED LABOR  BOYCOTT  ANTI‐SEMITISM Holocaust Vocabulary
Match the words and the letters. Write the correct number in the corresponding lettered box. If completed
correctly, the numbers in the columns and the rows should add to the same number. This is the magic number.
1. Genocide
2. Holocaust
A
A
B B C C 3. Final Solution
D
D
E E F F G
G
H H I I 4. Aryan Supremacy
5. Anti-Semitism
6. Concentration Camp
7. Jews
8. prejudice
9. Bystanders
MAGIC NUMBER ­­­_________________
A. a member of the Jewish religion, persecuted by Hitler and the Nazis
B. Nazi program of annihilating the Jews of Europe during the Third Reich
C. hatred of Jews
D. the systematic mass slaughter of European Jews in Nazi concentration camps during World War II
E. theory that the Aryan (white or German) people are better than other groups of people
F. people who did not actively participate in the Holocaust but made no effort to stop it or help others
G. camps where prisoners (Jews, Gypsies, political prisoners, etc) where kept and treated very badly. Sometimes this was combined with a death camp where people were killed in large numbers.
H. unreasonable feelings, opinions, or attitudes, esp. of a hostile nature, regarding a racial, religious, or national
group
I. systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group
Pg. 27 Superstitions and prejudice – These were early prejudices that led to Anti-Semitism.
Who viewed Jew as “aliens”?
What does deicide mean?
What was blood libel?
What were pogroms?
Pg. 27 Fourth Lateran Council (1215 CE)
What things do you see here in 1215 that Hitler will also use?
Pg. 35 From Nationalism to Racism:
What did nations begin to focus on?
How were Jews viewed?
What were Jews associated with?
Pg. 39 Reparations to be exacted from Germany after WWI
Under the Treaty of Versailles and the later decisions, how much did Germany have to pay by May 1,
1921?
Pg. 54 Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass) – November 9-10, 1938
Was this planned or not planned?
What did the Nazis destroy?
How many men were murdered? Arrested?
Who was fined to pay for the damages?
Pg. 59 Background
How many Jews were murdered?
How much (what fraction) of the Jewish population was this?
Pg. 59 Einsatzgruppen
What was the Einsatzgruppen?
What was the goal of the SS (Einsatzgruppen)?
How did they intimidate?
Pg. 59 The Final Solution
What was the final solution?
What were mass shootings replaced with?
Pg.59 Auschwitz
What was Auschwitz?
What were its 2 expansions?
What was the difference between concentration camps and extermination camps?
How where the prisoners treated?
Pg. 92 Persecution of Homosexuals in Nazi Germany
What paragraph did the Nazis use to make homosexuality illegal?
Where homosexuals given any reparations or recognized after the war?
Pg. 93 Non-Jewish Victims: Jehovah’s Witness
Why were they targeted?
Where did the Nazis send them?
How did they work against Hitler?
Pg. 95 The Sinti and Roma (Gypsies): Persecution
What were gypsies not allowed to do?
Where did gypsies end up going?
Pg. 109 Response of the Allies
Was the Allied responded considered good?
Why did the Allies say they could not give aid?
Where did Jewish agencies ask the Allies to bomb? Did they?
Pg. 111 Nuremburg Trials: Background for the Trials
What four Allies held the court?
How many people were indicted?
What were the trials meant to do?
What were the four charges?
Wiping out an entire group of people is ‐ As many a six million Jews died during ‐ Nazi troops crammed Jews into railroad cars and took them to prison camps for civilians called ‐ What is anti‐Semitism? What is Aryan supremacy? Whom did Hitler blame for Germany’s problems? Jews in Germany were persecuted from the time Hitler came to power through such means as: In the early 1940s. the Nazis embarked on their “final solution”. What was it? The Nazis built death camps where they killed thousands of people a day in gas chambers. These were called: Allied forces liberated the camps and freed the Jews that survived. When did this happen? Terms ‐ The Holocaust – USII 6b Name __________________________________________________ Date __________________
Match the following terms to their correct definition.
1. ________ Holocaust
2. ________ Anti-Semitism
3. ________ Aryan supremacy
4. ________ systematic
5. ________ Jews
6. ________ prejudice
7. ________ segregation
8. ________ concentration camp
9. ________ boycott
10. ________ liberation
a. an unfounded hatred, fear, or mistrust of a person or group, especially one of a particular religion, ethnicity, or nationality
b. carried out in a methodical and organized manner
c. prejudice against the Jews
d. belief in the superiority of the non-Jewish German race
e. freeing someone from constraint or control
f. the practice of keeping ethnic, racial, or religious groups separate
g. a prison camp used for exterminating prisoners in Nazi Germany
h. descendants of the ancient Hebrews whose religion is based on the Old Testament of the Bible and the ancient
writings called the Talmud
i. to refuse to do something as a way of protest or to force a change
j. the systematic killing by Germany during World War II of about 6 million Jews and millions from other ethnic
groups