Download Big Ideas (Formulated as Questions) Need to Know Be familiar with

Origins of the Holocaust
Be familiar with
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Be able to recognize, define, describe, memorize, recall
Assessed through matching, ordering or placing events in sequence or on a timeline, fill‐in‐
the‐blank, multiple choice
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Define binary thinking, T‐4, Madagascar Plan, SS‐Einsatzgruppen
Recall Majdanek, Sobibor, Belzec, Chelmno, Treblinka, Auschwitz
Describe major ideas of the Wannsee Conference
Explain the roles of Adolf Hitler, Hermann Goering (Göring), Heinrich Himmler, Reinhard Heydrich, and Adolf Eichmann in the decisions for the “final solution”
Be able to place the following events in their correct order and know how they contributed to the Nazi creation of a racial state: Sterilization law; Nuremberg Laws; Kristallnacht; T‐4 Project; German invasion of Poland and USSR; Madagascar Plan developed; Ghettoization Order; Construction of Death camps
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Need to Know •
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Be able to explain, paraphrase, compare, distinguish, interpret, summarize
Assessed through writing, multiple choice, and in some cases, ordering events
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Explain impact of binary thinking on Nazi creation of a racial state
Explain how scapegoating, prejudice, and a “media blitzkrieg” contribute to creation of a racial state
Summarize T‐4 and its possible contributions to origins of the “final solution”
Interpret how the origins of war in 1939 and its expansion between 1940‐1941 may have contributed to the origins of the “final solution”
Distinguish between Labor/Concentration/Death Camps Interpret potential euphemisms in Holocaust documentation
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Big Ideas (Formulated as Questions) •
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Be able to interpret, evaluate, differentiate, organize, construct, formulate
Assessed through writing, discussion, debate
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What were the origins of the “final solution” in Europe?
Some historians believe that the final solution was intended at least from the beginning of the war in Europe, still others would say from the time Hitler developed into an anti‐Semite in his youth. Other historians believe that the decision was made in incremental steps as the Nazis “Jewish problem" increased in numbers with the German acquisition of territory between 1939‐
1942. Which interpretation appears more convincing given the evidence?
What generalizations, if any, can we make about “The Lives of Auschwitz”? •
From the time that Hitler is appointed Chancellor and the Nazis begin seizing power, racial persecution developed in many forms, and below are the actions sponsored by the state or national party leadership. Social isolation, boycotts, individual harassment, vandalism, public humiliation, discrimination in classes, “protective custody, etc…. All of these actions and many more encouraged binary thinking, us vs. them. June: Paragraph 175 extensively broadens ability to persecute homosexuals
Mid July: Nazi orchestrated riots against Jews in Berlin suburb
Sept/Nov: Nuremberg Laws deprive German Jews and “gypsies” civil liberties
Oct: Marital Health Law requires proof that offspring would not have hereditary illnesses
Origins of the Holocaust
1933
1935
1936
1937
1938
Peak years of rounding up suspected homosexuals
Up to 1939, no evidence exists to support a thesis that the extermination of Jews has been decided. 18 Dec: Hitler calls for plans to invade the USSR (Operation Barbarossa
March: expansion of Auschwitz ordered
22 Jun. Germany invades the USSR; SS Einsatzgruppen given verbal orders to kill Jewish men of military age
31 July: Goering authorizes Heydrich to come up with a “complete solution” (see document)
24 Aug: formal cessation to “mercy killings” that continue unofficially into 1945
Oct: Some Einsatzgruppen commanders seeking clarification on whether or not all Jews should be killed in their zones; Oct: Death camps under constructed
23 Oct: Jewish emigration from any German territory halted
1 April: Nation‐wide boycott of Jewish businesses throughout Germany
7 April: Civil Service Law used to discriminate against Jews and political opponents
14 July: Forced Sterilization Law
Nov.: Law Against Dangerous Habitual Criminals (targeting “Gypsies”)
1939
1940
1941
1942
3 Jan: Nuremberg Laws applied to “Gypsies”
Summer: Large number of “Gypsies” rounded up for security to prepare for Olympics
10 Oct: Himmler secretly establishes Reich Central Office for Combating Homosexuality and Abortion
July: Central Office for Jewish Emigration established in Vienna to expedite leaving Austria
Summer: German and Austrian “Gypsies” rounded up in concentration camps
26‐28 Oct: Polish Jews brutally deported from Germany
9‐10 Nov: “Night of the Broken Glass” (Kristallnacht) mass arrests, violent pogroms against Jews throughout German Reich
12 Nov: Goering holds a meeting to figure out how to get Jews to pay for the damage to property from pogrom; several decrees issued that deprive German Jews of economic livelihood
24 Jan: Heydrich authorized to “solve the Jewish question by emigration and evacuation”
30 Jan: Hitler Speech (see documents)
1 Sept: German invades Poland
1 Sept: Hitler formally approves “mercy killings” (a.k.a. T‐4) though the murders had begun months earlier
21 Sept.: Heydrich orders the creation of ghettos in occupied territories and speaks of a “final aim”
Oct/Nov: First ghettos established in Poland largely to concentrate Polish Jews
24 Jan: Heydrich and Eichmann hold “Wannsee
Conference”; those attending are told what sort of tasks would be expected of them to carry out “final solution” Total War Era, 1914‐1945