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Chapter 1 Introduction and Research Methods Key Terms Psychology Structuralism Functionalism Psychoanalysis Behaviorism Humanistic Psychology Culture Cross-Cultural Psychology Ethnocentrism Individualistic Cultures Evolutionary Psychology Collectivistic Cultures Scientific Method Critical Thinking Empirical Evidence Hypothesis Variable Operational Definition Statistics Statistically Significant Meta-analysis Replicate Theory Descriptive Methods Naturalistic Observation Case Study Survey Sample Representative Sample Random Selection Correlation Study Positive Correlation Negative Correlation Experimental Method Independent Variable Dependent Variable Random Assignment Experimental Group Control Group Placebo Control Group Expectancy Effects Double-blind Study Demand Characteristics Pseudoscience Paranormal Phenomena Rule of Falsifiability Illusory Correlation People Mary Calkins Charles Darwin Sigmund Freud G. Stanley Hall William James Abraham Maslow Ivan Pavlov Carl Rogers B.F. Skinner Edward Titchener Margaret Floy Washburn John Watson Wilhelm Wundt Chapter 2 Neuroscience and Behavior Key Terms Biological Psychology Neuroscience Neuron Glial Cells Sensory Neuron Motor Neuron Interneuron Cell Body Dendrites Axon Myelin Sheath Action Potential Stimulus Threshold Resting Potential All-or-None Response Synapse Synaptic Gap Axon Terminals Synaptic Vesicles Neurotransmitters Synaptic Transmission Reuptake Aceylcholine Dopamine Serotonin Norepinephrine GABA Endorphins Nervous system Nerves Central Nervous System Spinal Reflexes Peripheral Nervous System Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic Nervous System Parasympathetic Nervous System Endocrine System Hormones Pituitary Gland Adrenal Glands Adrenal Cortex Gonads Phrenology PET scan MRI fMRI Cognitive Neuroscience Neurogenesis Brainstem Hindbrain Medulla Pons Cerebullum Reticular Formation Midbrain Substantia Nigra Forbrain Cerebral Cortex Cerebral Hemispheres Corpus Callosum Temporal Lobe Occipital Lobe Partial Lobe Frontal Lobe Limbic System Hippocampus Thalamus Amygdala Lateraliziation of Function Split Brain operation Structural Plasticity People Pierre Paul Broca Roger Sperry Karl Wernicke Chapter 3 Sensation and Perception Key Terms Sensation Perception Sensory Receptors Transduction Absolute Threshold Difference Threshold Weber’s Law Sensory Adaptation Subliminal Perception Wavelength Cornea Pupil Iris Iridology Lens Accommodation Retina Rods Cones Fovea Optic Disc Blind Spot Ganglion Cells Bipolar Cells Optic Nerve Optic Chiasm Color Hue Saturation Brightness Trichromatic Theory of Color Blindness Colorblindness Afterimage Opponent-Process Theory of Color Vision Audition Loudness Amplitude Decibel Pitch Frequency Timbre Outer Ear Eardrum Middle Ear Inner Ear Cochlea Basilar Membrane Hair Cells Frequency Theory Place Theory Olfaction Gustation Olfactory Bulb Pheromones Taste Buds Pain Gate-Control Theory Substance P Kinesthetic Sense Proprioceptors Vestibular Sense Extrasensory Perception Parapsychology Bottom-Up Processing Top-Down Processing Gestalt psychology Figure-Ground Relationship Depth Perception Monocular Cues Binocular Cues Perceptual Constancy Shape Constancy Size Constancy Brightness Constancy Brightness Constancy Perceptual Illusion Muller-Lyer Illusion Moon Illusion Perceptual Set Key People Karl Duncker Max Werthemier Chapter 4 Consciousness and Its Variations Key Terms Consciousness Circadian Rhythm Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) Melatonin Electroencephalograph Electroencephalogram (EEG) REM Sleep NREM Sleep Beta Brain Waves Alpha Brain Waves Hypnagogic Hallucinations Sleep Spindles K Complexes REM Rebound Restorative Theory of Sleep Adaptive Theory of Sleep Sleep Disorders Insomnia Restless Legs Syndrome Sleep Apnea Sleepwalking Night Terrors Parasomnias REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Narcolepsy Sleep Thinking Nightmare Manifest Content Latent Content Active-Synthesis Model of Dreaming Hypnosis Posthypnotic Suggestion Posthypnotic Amnesia Hyperamnesia Dissociation Neodissociation Theory of Hypnosis Hidden Observer Meditation Psychoactive Drug Physical Dependence Drug Tolerance Withdraw Symptoms Drug Rebound Effect Drug Abuse Depressants Barbiturates Tranquilizers Inhalants Opiates Stimulants Caffeine Nicotine Amphetamines Cocaine Stimulant-Induced Psychosis Psychedelic Drugs Mescaline LSD Marijuana MDMA Dissociative Anesthetics Sleep Inertia Key People Sigmund Freud Ernest Hilgard J. Allen Hobson William James Chapter 5 Learning Key Terms Learning Conditioning Classical Conditioning Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) Unconditioned Response (UCR) Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Conditioned Response (CR) Stimulus Generalization Stimulus Discrimination Extinction (in CC) Spontaneous Recovery Behaviorism Placebo Response Conditioned Compensatory Response (CCR) Taste Aversion Biological Preparedness Law of Effect Operant Operant Conditioning Reinforcement Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement Primary Reinforcer Conditioned Reinforcer Punishment Positive Punishment (Punishment by Application) Negative Punishment (Punishment by Removal) Discriminative Stimulus Operant Chamber (Skinner Box) Shaping Continuous Reinforcement Partial Reinforcement Extinction (in OC) Partial Reinforcement Effect Schedule of Reinforcement Fixed-Ratio Schedule Variable-Ratio Schedule Fixed-Interval Schedule Variable-Interval Schedule Behavior Modification Cognitive Map Latent Learning Learned Helplessness Instinctive Drift Observational Learning Key People Albert Bandura John Garcia Ivan Pavlov Robert Rescorla Shepard Siegel B.F. Skinner Edward Thorndike Edward Tolman John Watson Chapter 6 Memory Key Terms Memory Encoding Storage Retrieval Stage Model of Memory Sensory Memory Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory Maintenance Rehearsal Chunking Elaborative Rehearsal Levels-of-Processing Framework Procedural Memory Episodic Memory Semantic Memory Explicit Memory Implicit Memory Clustering Semantic Network Model Retrieval Retrieval Cue Retrieval Cue Failure Tip-of-the-Tongue Experience Recall Cued Recall Recognition Serial Position Effect Encoding Specificity Principle Context Effect State-Dependent Retrieval Moon Congruence Flashbulb Memory Schema Source Confusion Cryptomnesia Misinformation Effect Forgetting Encoding Failure Interference Theory Retroactive Interference Proactive Interference Motivated Forgetting Suppression Repression Decay Theory Memory Trace Long-Term Potentiation Amnesia Retrograde Amnesia Memory Consolidation Anterograde Amnesia Key People Hermann Ebbinghaus Eric Kandel Karl Lashley Elizabeth Loftus George Sperling Richard Thompson Chapter 7 Thinking, Language, and Intelligence Key Terms Cognition Thinking Mental Image Concept Formal Concept Natural Concept Prototype Problem Solving Trial and Error Algorithm Heuristic Insight Intuition Functional Fixedness Mental Set Availability Heuristic Representative Heuristic Language Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis Animal Cognition Intelligence Mental Age Intelligence Quotient (IQ) Achievement Test Aptitude Test Standardization Normal Curve (Normal Distribution) Reliability Validity g Factor (General Intelligence) Triarchic Theory of Intelligence Heritability Stereotype Threat Creativity Key People Alfred Binet Howard Gardner Charles Spearman Robert Sternberg Lewis Terman Louis Thurstone David Wechsler Chapter 13 Stress, Health, and Coping Key Terms Stress Health Psychology Biopsychosocial Model Stressors Daily Hassles Conflict Acculturative Stress Fight-or-Flight Response Catecholamines General Adaptation Syndrome Corticosteriods Immune System Lymphocytes Psychoneuroimmunology Optimistic Explanatory Style Pessimistic Explanatory Style Type A Behavior Pattern Social Support Coping Problem-Focused Coping Emotion-Focused Coping Key People Robert Ader Walter Cannon Janice Kiecolt-Glaser Richard Lazarus Martin Seligman Hans Selye
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