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mathematics glossary
Mª José Domínguez Martín
GEOMETRY 3D SHAPES
Apex
Base
Congruent
In pyramid, the vertex at wich all lateral faces meet
In a prism, the two congruent, parallel faces at the
top and bottom; in a pyramid, the regular polygon
that is not a lateral face
Having the same size and shape
Cube
A polyhedron with six congruent, square faces
Cylinder
A three-dimensional object with circular bases
Docecahedron
Edge
Eulerʼs Theorem
Face
A polyhedron with 12 congruent, pentagonal faces
The segment along which two faces meet
For any polyhedron, the sum of the number of
vertices and faces is equal to two more than the
number of edges.
One of the surfaces of a polyhedron
mathematics glossary
Mª José Domínguez Martín
Icosahedron
A polyhedron with 20 congruent, triangular faces
Lateral face
In a prism, one of the rectangles that connects the
bases to the another; in a pyramid, one of the
triangles that connects the base to the apex
Length
The longest dimension of a solid figure; for a threedimensional figure, it is usually the distance from
front to back
Octahedron
A polyhedron with eight congruent, triangular faces
Polyhedron (pl. polyhedra)
A three-dimensional figure whose faces are
polygons
Prism
A three-dimensional figure with two parallel,
congruent bases connected by rectangles.
A prism can be described by the shape of its bases
Rectangular prism
A prism whose bases are rectangles
Right prism
A prism in which the bases meet the lateral faces at
right angles
Tetrahedron
A polyhedron with four congruent, triangular faces
Truncated icosahedron
A polyhedron with 32 faces, 12 of which are
pentagons and 20 of wich are hexagons
Vertex (pl. vertices)
The point at which three or more faces meet
Width
Distance from side to side
mathematics glossary
Mª José Domínguez Martín
GEOMETRY (BASIC CONCEPTS)
Lines
A line is one of the basic terms in geometry. We may
think of a line as a "straight" line that we might draw with
a ruler on a piece of paper, except that in geometry, a
line extends forever in both directions.
Point
A point is one of the basic terms in geometry. We may
think of a point as a "dot" on a piece of paper.
Intersection
The term intersect is used when lines, rays, line
segments or figures meet, that is, they share a common
point. The point they share is called the point of
intersection. We say that these figures intersect
Parallel lines
Two lines in the same plane which never intersect are
called parallel lines.
Angle
Acute angle
Obtuse angle
Right angle
Different angles
The amount of turn between two straight lines that have
a common end point (the vertex).
An acute angle is an angle measuring between 0 and
90 degrees
An obtuse angle is an angle measuring between 90 and
180 degrees
A right angle is an angle measuring 90 degrees.
mathematics glossary
Complementary angles
Supplementary angles
Area
Perimeter
Triangle
Mª José Domínguez Martín
Two angles are called complementary angles if the sum
of their degree measurements equals 90 degrees.
Two angles are called supplementary angles if the sum of
their degree measurements equals 180 degrees.
The size of a surface
The distance around a two-dimensional shape.
The petimetre of a circle si called the circunference
A 3-sided polygon (a flat shape with straight sides).
A triangle has three sides and three angles.
The three angles always add
to 180º
Right triangle
The triangle has a right angle (90º)
Acute triangle
All angles are less than 90º
Obtuse triangle
Types of triangles
The triangle has an angle more than 90º
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Quadrilateral
Square
Rectangle
Parallelogram
Rhombus
Mª José Domínguez Martín
A polygon with four sides
A quadrilateral with:
- four equal sides and four right angles
- opposite sides that are parallel
- two diagonals that bisect at right angles
- four lines of symmetry
A quadrilateral with:
- four right angles
- Two pairs of opposite equal parallel sides
A quadrilateral with opposite sides that are parallel and of
equal length and opposite angles that are equal.
Parallelogram with four equal sides and equal opposite
angles
Quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides (UK)
Trapezium vs trapezoid
Quadrilateral with no parallel sides (USA)
Trapezium (UK) = Trapezoid (USA)
Pentagon
A polygon with five sides...
Hexagon, heptagon, ....
Pythagoras was a renowned Greek philosopher and
mathematician who lived around 550 BC.
He is famous for proving a theorem about the right-angled
triangle.
Pythagoras
mathematics glossary
Pyramid
Mª José Domínguez Martín
A solid shape with a polygon as abase and triangular faces
that taper to a point (vertex or apex)
Apyramid takes its name from the shape of its base
polygon
quadrangular pyramid
Triangular pyramid
Cone
A solid (3-dimensional) object that has a circular base and
one apex
Circle
A 2-dimensional shape made by drawing a curve that is
always the same distance from a center
Radius: The distance from the center to the edge of a
circle
Diameter: A straight line going through the center of a
circle connecting two points on the circumference.
Elements in a circle/
circunference
- Chord
- Center
- Arc
- Tangent
- Diameter
- Radius
- Secant