Download Vertebrates - St. Mary School

Vertebrates.notebook
March 18, 2016
Vertebrates
Jun 2­5:46 PM
A vertebrate is an animal that has
a backbone that is part of its internal skeleton.
Vertebrates differ in the way they control the temperature of their bodies.
Ectotherms ("Cold­Blooded")
Fish, amphibians & reptiles
Body temperature changes with environmental temperature
Endotherms (Warm­Blooded)
Birds & mammals
Body regulates its temperature by controlling the heat it produces. Stable body temperature allows them to live in a variety
of environments Jun 2­5:50 PM
FISH
Jun 2­5:59 PM
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Vertebrates.notebook
March 18, 2016
There are three basic types of
fish:
swedish fish (just kidding)
jawless fish
bony fish
cartilaginous fish
Jun 2­6:01 PM
Characteristics of All Fish:
Obtain oxygen from water
Water enters mouth and flows through gills
Gills contain many blood vessels that send oxygen
into bloodstream
CO2 leaves bloodstream and flows out gills slits
back into the water
Closed circulatory system Two chambered heart
Gills
Heart
Body Cells
Swim using fins
for food
to reproduce
escape predators
Reproduce sexually
Most use external fertilization and young develop outside the female's body
A few (sharks) have internal fertilization and young develop
inside the female's body
Jun 2­6:18 PM
Jawless Fish
Jun 2­6:02 PM
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Vertebrates.notebook
March 18, 2016
Bony Fish
Have bony skeletons
Angelfish
Grouper
Striped Bass
Jun 2­6:04 PM
Cartilaginous Fish
Cow Nosed Ray
Southern Ray
What other type of fish is made of cartilage?
H R A K S
Jun 2­6:05 PM
Angelfish Bony Fish
Hagfish
Jawless Fish
Tiger Shark
Cartilaginous
Fish
Jun 2­6:06 PM
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Vertebrates.notebook
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Jun 2­6:08 PM
Amphibians
Jun 2­6:09 PM
Amphibians:
Ectothermic vertebrates that spend their early life in water
Most spend adulthood on land and return to water to reproduce
Two major groups:
Salamanders
Frogs & Toads
Larvae of most amphibians grow and undergo metamorphosis
Obtain oxygen through gills lungs
May also breathe through thin moist skin
Double­looped circulatory system with a three chambered heart
Adult amphibians are carnivores that use camouflage to
capture their food
Jun 2­6:18 PM
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Vertebrates.notebook
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Metamorphosis
Jun 2­7:01 PM
Jun 2­7:07 PM
Jun 2­7:13 PM
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Vertebrates.notebook
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Reptiles
Ectothermic vertebrates
Breathe through lungs
Have scaly skin
Live on land
Jun 2­7:16 PM
Circulation
Similar to amphibians
Jun 2­7:36 PM
Adaptations for Life on land:
Dry tough scaly skin
Allows water to stay inside the body
Reptilian kidneys filter wastes from blood so that urine
is extremely concentrated allowing water to
remain in body
Amniotic eggs keep embryo from drying out
Jun 2­7:20 PM
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Vertebrates.notebook
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Categories of Reptiles
Lizards & Snakes
Skin is covered with overlapping scales
All snakes are carnivores and most lizards are too
Alligators & Crocodiles
Large carnivores strong muscular tails
many sharp pointed teeth
Care for eggs and newly hatched young
Turtles
Body covered by a protective shell
Shell plates are covered by large scales
Sharp beak used for tearing food
May be carnivores or herbivores
Jun 2­7:26 PM
BBC Reptiles & Amphibians
60 minutes
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pf1tXPQuoHs
Jun 2­6:12 PM
Birds
Jun 2­7:43 PM
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Vertebrates.notebook
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Birds
Endothermic vertebrates
Feathers
Four chambered heart
Lay eggs
Jun 2­7:46 PM
Adaptations for Flight
Hollow bones
Wings Contour feathers with hook & barb construction
Lungs & Air Sacs
Jun 2­7:50 PM
Bird Circulation
Double­Loop
Four chambered heart
Oxygen rich blood does not mix with oxygen poor blood
Jun 2­7:56 PM
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Vertebrates.notebook
March 18, 2016
Bird Digestion
Crop
Storage
pouch for
food
Gizzard
Squeezes
& grinds
partially
digested food
May contain
small rocks
Jun 2­8:11 PM
Stable Conditions
Birds eat a tremendous amount of food
Flight requires a great deal of energy
Endothermic and need energy to maintain temperature
Jun 2­8:33 PM
Reproduction
Birds have internal fertilization
Lay eggs
Eggs need to be incubated
Parent stays close to eggs
Gestation may take from 12­80 days
Most birds feed young until ready to fly
Jun 2­8:39 PM
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Vertebrates.notebook
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Fish, Amphibian & Bird Circulatory Systems
cep­2032
http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?wcprefix=cep&wcsuffix=2032
&area=view&x=15&y=8
Jun 2­7:01 PM
Mammals
Jun 2­8:43 PM
Jun 2­7:01 PM
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