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Vertebrates.notebook March 18, 2016 Vertebrates Jun 25:46 PM A vertebrate is an animal that has a backbone that is part of its internal skeleton. Vertebrates differ in the way they control the temperature of their bodies. Ectotherms ("ColdBlooded") Fish, amphibians & reptiles Body temperature changes with environmental temperature Endotherms (WarmBlooded) Birds & mammals Body regulates its temperature by controlling the heat it produces. Stable body temperature allows them to live in a variety of environments Jun 25:50 PM FISH Jun 25:59 PM 1 Vertebrates.notebook March 18, 2016 There are three basic types of fish: swedish fish (just kidding) jawless fish bony fish cartilaginous fish Jun 26:01 PM Characteristics of All Fish: Obtain oxygen from water Water enters mouth and flows through gills Gills contain many blood vessels that send oxygen into bloodstream CO2 leaves bloodstream and flows out gills slits back into the water Closed circulatory system Two chambered heart Gills Heart Body Cells Swim using fins for food to reproduce escape predators Reproduce sexually Most use external fertilization and young develop outside the female's body A few (sharks) have internal fertilization and young develop inside the female's body Jun 26:18 PM Jawless Fish Jun 26:02 PM 2 Vertebrates.notebook March 18, 2016 Bony Fish Have bony skeletons Angelfish Grouper Striped Bass Jun 26:04 PM Cartilaginous Fish Cow Nosed Ray Southern Ray What other type of fish is made of cartilage? H R A K S Jun 26:05 PM Angelfish Bony Fish Hagfish Jawless Fish Tiger Shark Cartilaginous Fish Jun 26:06 PM 3 Vertebrates.notebook March 18, 2016 Jun 26:08 PM Amphibians Jun 26:09 PM Amphibians: Ectothermic vertebrates that spend their early life in water Most spend adulthood on land and return to water to reproduce Two major groups: Salamanders Frogs & Toads Larvae of most amphibians grow and undergo metamorphosis Obtain oxygen through gills lungs May also breathe through thin moist skin Doublelooped circulatory system with a three chambered heart Adult amphibians are carnivores that use camouflage to capture their food Jun 26:18 PM 4 Vertebrates.notebook March 18, 2016 Metamorphosis Jun 27:01 PM Jun 27:07 PM Jun 27:13 PM 5 Vertebrates.notebook March 18, 2016 Reptiles Ectothermic vertebrates Breathe through lungs Have scaly skin Live on land Jun 27:16 PM Circulation Similar to amphibians Jun 27:36 PM Adaptations for Life on land: Dry tough scaly skin Allows water to stay inside the body Reptilian kidneys filter wastes from blood so that urine is extremely concentrated allowing water to remain in body Amniotic eggs keep embryo from drying out Jun 27:20 PM 6 Vertebrates.notebook March 18, 2016 Categories of Reptiles Lizards & Snakes Skin is covered with overlapping scales All snakes are carnivores and most lizards are too Alligators & Crocodiles Large carnivores strong muscular tails many sharp pointed teeth Care for eggs and newly hatched young Turtles Body covered by a protective shell Shell plates are covered by large scales Sharp beak used for tearing food May be carnivores or herbivores Jun 27:26 PM BBC Reptiles & Amphibians 60 minutes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pf1tXPQuoHs Jun 26:12 PM Birds Jun 27:43 PM 7 Vertebrates.notebook March 18, 2016 Birds Endothermic vertebrates Feathers Four chambered heart Lay eggs Jun 27:46 PM Adaptations for Flight Hollow bones Wings Contour feathers with hook & barb construction Lungs & Air Sacs Jun 27:50 PM Bird Circulation DoubleLoop Four chambered heart Oxygen rich blood does not mix with oxygen poor blood Jun 27:56 PM 8 Vertebrates.notebook March 18, 2016 Bird Digestion Crop Storage pouch for food Gizzard Squeezes & grinds partially digested food May contain small rocks Jun 28:11 PM Stable Conditions Birds eat a tremendous amount of food Flight requires a great deal of energy Endothermic and need energy to maintain temperature Jun 28:33 PM Reproduction Birds have internal fertilization Lay eggs Eggs need to be incubated Parent stays close to eggs Gestation may take from 1280 days Most birds feed young until ready to fly Jun 28:39 PM 9 Vertebrates.notebook March 18, 2016 Fish, Amphibian & Bird Circulatory Systems cep2032 http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?wcprefix=cep&wcsuffix=2032 &area=view&x=15&y=8 Jun 27:01 PM Mammals Jun 28:43 PM Jun 27:01 PM 10 Vertebrates.notebook March 18, 2016 Jul 2811:45 AM 11