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Introduction to XML Eugenia Fernandez IUPUI What is XML? From the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is the universal format for structured documents and data on the web. It is a tag-based markup language that both describes data and is used to create markup languages for specific contexts. XML-derived Markup Languages Open Financial Exchange (OFX) XML/EDI Resource Description Framework Markup for Electronic Data Interchange Markup for describing data about data (metadata) for cataloging and search purposes Chemical markup Language (CML) Wireless Markup Language (WML) A Document Contains Data XML Structure Presentation Style sheets (CSS, XSL) Unstructured vs. Structured Data Unstructured diluvio m. Inundación causada por lluvias copiosas. Lluvia muy copiosa. Structured <word>diluvio</word> <type>m.</type> <definition>Inundación causada por lluvias copiosas. Lluvia muy copiosa.</definition> History of XML SGML (Standard Generalization Markup Language) was developed as a way to express data in electronic texts XML is simplified subset of SGML, designed to work across a limitedbandwidth network such as the Internet. XML is in process of being standardized. It is currently at the recommendation stage. XML vs. HTML HTML = presentation format <html> <b>101 Main St.<br> Chicago, IL 60661</b> </html> <?xml version=”1.0” ?> <address> <street>101 Main St.</street> <city>Chicago</city> <state>IL</state> <zip>60661</zip> </address> XML = structured content Why XML? Readable format Distribute data to any machine on any platform Easily combine multiple sources of data Easier way to do data interchange between applications Benefits of Using XML Describes content and structure Both machine- and human- readable Separates content from display Well-formed, follows rules Can be validated Open and extensible One source – multiple formats One Source – Multiple Formats Separating data from presentation and processing frees the data from any one use Data becomes "use neutral" Conversion HTML XML PDF XML Processing XML into HTML XML Document XSL Processor XSL Stylesheet HTML Document Processing XML to XML XML Document XSL Processor XSL Stylesheet New XML Document How XML Can Be Used Enable business-to-business communication Enable smart agents Enable smart searches XML data can be manipulated by the browser reducing server & network load A Few XML Technologies Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Extensible Style Language (XSL) XML Document Transformation (renamed XSLT) XPath, a pattern matching syntax XSLFO, a formatting object interpretation, for printing XML Pointer Language (XPointer) and XML Linking Language (XLink) Document Type Definition (DTD) XML Schemas (XSD) Contents of XML Document Processing instructions Comments Elements Root Element Child Element Empty Element Attributes Text <?xml version=“1.0“?> <!-- Student Information --> <student_list> <name>John Smith</name> <full_time/> <email type=“home”> [email protected] </email> </student_list> XML Data is Hierarchical <?xml version=“1.0”?> <!-- Student Information --> student name John Smith full_time <student> <name>John Smith</name> <full_time/> <email type=“home”> [email protected] </email> </student> email type [email protected] home Well-formed Documents Contain single root element Match open and close tags Consistent capitalization Correctly nested elements All attributes enclosed in quotes No repeating attributes in an element Validation of XML Documents Ensures that document is grammatically correct Well formed valid Validation done via Document Type Definition (DTD) XML Schema References MSDN DevSeries, Web 105: Introduction to XML Microsoft Class Pack: Building XMLBased Web Applications, Module 1: Overview of XML Documents XML Seminar at Quilogy, May 9, 2001 Introduction to XML, a Barnes & Noble University Online Course
