Download Common Plant Families

Some Common Fall
Plant Families
Marion Lobstein
[email protected]
Monocots
Flower
Leaf
Stem
Seed
LILIACEOUS FAMILIES-Liliaceae
[Now many separate families]
LILIACEOUS FAMILIES -perianths showy, petals and sepals same colored
(except in trilliums)-tepals; flower parts in 3's, stamens 6; ovary superior;
fruit: capsule or berry (lilies, troutlilies)
LILY FAMILY-Lilaceae
[Now many separate families]
LILIACEAE (LILY FAMILY)-perianth showy, petals and sepals same colored
(except in trilliums)-tepals; flower parts in 3's, stamens 6; ovary superior;
fruit: capsule or berry (daylily, lilies cultivars, trilliums)
“Liliaceous” Families
Families
Changes and/or notes
Common
Names
No.
Spp.
Agavaceae
Agave
3
Amaryllidaceae
Amaryllis
13
Asparagaceae
Asparagus
1
Genera are still included in Liliaceae: Clintonia (Clintonias), Erythronium (Trout Lilies),
Lilium (Lilies), Mediola (Cucumber-roots), Prosartes (formerly Disporum)(Fairy-bells),
Streptopus (Twisted–stalks)
Formerly in Liliaceae (Lily); includes following genera: Camassia (Wild Hyacinths/Camass
Lilies), Manfreda (False-aloes), Yucca (Yuccas)
Includes following genera from Liliaceae (Lily): Allium (Onions) , Leucojum (Snowflakes),
Nothoscordum (False Garlics), Tristagma (formerly Ipheion)(Spring Star), Zephyrathes
(Atamasco Lilies); Hypoxis (Yellow Stargrass) now in Hypoxidaceae;
Formerly in Liliaceae (Lily); includes following genus Asparagus (Asparagus)
Colchicaceae
4
Formerly in Liliaceae (Lily); includes following genus: Uvularia (Bellworts)
Heloniadaceae
Meadow
Saffron
Swamp-pink
2
Hyacinthaceae
Hyacinth
4
Melanthiaceae
Bunchflower
10
Nartheciaceae
Bog-asphodel
2
Formerly in Liliaceae (Lily); includes following genera: Chamaelirium (Devil’s-bits),
Helonias (Swamp Pink)
Formerly in Liliaceae (Lily); includes following genera: Muscari (Grape Hyacinths),
Ornithogalum (Stars-of-Bethlehem)
Formerly in Liliaceae (Lily); includes following genera: Amianthium (Fly-poisons),
Anticlea (Death Camases spp.), Stenanthium (Featherbells), Veratrum [(False
Hellebores and Bunchflowers (formerly Melanthium)], Zigadenus (Death Camases spp.)
Formerly in Liliaceae (Lily); includes following genus: Aletris (Colicroots)
Ruscaceae
Ruscus
8
Smilacaceae
Greenbrier
10
Tofieldiaceae
Tofieldia
2
Trilliaceae
Trillium
10
Formerly in Liliaceae (Lily); includes following genus: Triantha (formerlyTofieldia)(False
Asphodels)
Formerly in Liliaceae (Lily); includes following genus: Trillium (Trilliums)
Xanthorrhoeaceae Daylily
1
Formerly in Liliaceae (Lily); includes following genus: Hemerocallis (Daylilies)
Xerophyllaceae
1
Formerly in Liliaceae (Lily); includes genus: Xerophyllum (Beargrass)
Liliaceae
Lily
Beargrass
18
Formerly in Liliaceae (Lily); includes following genera: Convallaria (Lilies-of-the-Valley),
Maianthemum [M. canadensis (Canada Mayflowers), M. racemosum (formerly Smilacina
racemosa)(False Solomon’s Seals/Solomon’s-plumes), M. stellatum (formerly Smilacina
stellata)(Starry False Solomon’s Seals/Starry Solomon’s-plumes), Polygonatum
(Solomon’s Seals)
Formerly in Liliaceae (Lily); includes following genus: Smilax (Greenbriers/Catbriers)
Dicots
Flower
Leaf
Stem
Seed
AMARANTHACEAE
(includes Chenopodiaceae)
AMARANTHACEAE
(PIGFOOT FAMILY)
(includes
Chenopodiaceae
(Goosefoot Family)Herbs; flowers small
and inconspicuous;
petals usually absent;
filaments of stamens
separate or connate
(joined); fruit a
utricle.
Carrot Family-Apiaceae
APIACEAE (UMBELLIFERAE)(CARROT/PARSLEY FAMILY)-flowers small and in umbels;
petals separate; ovary inferior; fruit: schizocarp of two mericarps;compound leaves with
sheathing base (dill, fennel, harbinger-of-spring, sweet cicely, Queen-Anne’s lace)
DOGBANE-MILKWEED FAMILY-Apocynaceae
APOCYNACEAE (DOGBANE and MILKWEED FAMILY)-milky latex sap often present
(not in Vinca); inflorescence solitary (Vinca) or a cyme; 5 sepals fused, 5 petals fused, 5
stamens alternate with petals (pollen is in bag-like pollina in milkweeds; 2 carpels are
partially fused in the compound pistil with ovaries superior; fruits are capsules/pods
(periwinkles, dogbanes, milkweeds). In milkweeds the extra petaloid tissue forming a
corona or crown in which there is fused tissue of the stigmas and anthers to form a
gynostemium (or gynostegium).
ASTER(COMPOSITE) FAMILY-Asteraceae
phyllaries
ASTERACEAE (COMPOSITAE)(ASTER
or DAISY FAMILY)-inflorescence compact
heads (capitula) of ray (ligulate or
petaloid) and/or disk (discoid or tubular)
florets embedded with in usually fleshy
tissue (receptacle) with leafy bracts
(phyllaries) form a leafy cup (involucre)
underneath the receptacle. The flower
structure is as follows: sepals are modified
into pappi (pappus, singular), 5 petals are
fused into a ligule or ray in ray florets or a
tube in disc florets, 5 stamens form a
fused tube around the style of the pistil,
the style is usually 2 cleft, ovary is inferior
and embedded in receptacle tissue. The
fruits are cypselae (achene) containing a
single seed and often with bristles or soft
hairs form pappi that aid in dispersal of the
fruit. (“asters,” sunflowers, goldenrods,
yarrows, dandelions are some examples)
Types of composite inflorescenses
Chicory
Sunflower
Dandelion
Radiate-ray and disk florets
Liguliferous-ray florets only
Thistle
Spotted knapweed with bee
Radiate-disk florets only but outer florets larger
Discoid or disciform-no ray florets
MUSTARD FAMILY-Brassicaceae
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=453&ei=0oNhUfvxMZDm8gTH2YHwAw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=426&vpy=146&dur=5750&hovh=214&hovw=
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ih=489
BRASSICACEAE (CRUCIFERAE)
(MUSTARD FAMILY)-sepals & petals in 4's;
stamens 6 with 2 shorter, 4 longer (rarely 4);
ovary superior; fruit: silique(long & slender) or
silicle(short & broad) (toothworts, garlic
mustards, yellow rockets, cresses)
PINK FAMILY-Caryophyllaceae
CARYOPHYLLACEAE (PINK FAMILY)-leaves opposite with swollen nodes on
stem: 5 petals often divided or cleft; ovary superior; fruit: capsule (chickweeds,
Deptford pinks, wild pinks)
Euphorbiaceae
EUPHORBIACEAE (SPURGE or
POINSETTIA FAMILY)-white, milky
sap present; flowers often small,
often no petals, bracts often present;
fruit capsule or schizocarp
PEA FAMILY-Fabaceae/Leguminosae
FABACEAE (LEGUMINOSAE)(PEA or BEAN FAMILY)-corolla usually
papilionaceous (with 2 lower petals form keel, 2 side petals form wings, and top
petal is banner), alternate, usually compound leaves, fruit: legume (redbuds,
clovers, vetches, black locusts)
MINT FAMILY-Lamiaceae
LAMIACEAE (LABIATAE)(MINT FAMILY)corolla bilaterally symmetrical with 2 upper
fused petals and 3 lower petals fused; stem
square with opposite or whorled leaves; fruit
of 4 nutlets (ground ivies, henbist, purple
dead nettles, heal-alls, sages, skullcaps)
Buttercup vs. Rose Families
Ranunculaceae
Rosaceae
BUTTERCUP FAMILY-Ranunculaceae
RANUNCULACEAE (BUTTERCUP FAMILY)-herbs often with compound leaves
with sheathing bases; numerous stamens and carpels arranged in spiral; most
general radial symmetry but some bilateral; fruit: follicle, achene berry, or
capsule(buttercups, anemones, columbines, rue anemones, hepaticas)
ROSE FAMILY-Rosaceae
Indian Strawberry
ROSACEAE(ROSE FAMILY)-herbs or woody forms; stipules (extra leaf
tissue) often present at leaf bases; ovary superior to inferior; stamens may
be numerous and often attached to margins of calyx tube
(hypanthium)(not spirally arranged); fruit: achene, drupe, pome, follicle/
aggregate (roses, strawberries, shadbushes, apples, cinquefoils)
•
•
SCROPHULARIACEAE (SNAPDRAGON
FAMILY)-leaves usually opposite or whorled;
petals fused to form corolla which is often
bilaterally symmetrical; stem often round;
stamens usually 4; fruit: capsule or berry
Genera remaining in Scrophulariaceae
include Scrophularia (Figworts) and
Verbascum (Mulleins)
Before Split:
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–
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–
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Castilleja coccinea-Indian paintbrush
Gratiola neglecta-clammy hedge-hyssop
G. virginiana-round-fruited hedge-hyssop
Linaria canadensis -toadflax
Melampyrum lineareacow-wheat
Paulownia tomentosa-princess tree
Pedicularis canadensis-lousewort, wood betony
Penstemon canescens-gray beardtongue
P. digitalis-foxglove beardtongue
P. hirsutus-hairy beardtongue
P. laevigatus-smooth beardtongue
P. pallidus-pale beardtongue
Scrophularia lanceolata-hare figwort
Verbascum thaspus – common mullein
V. blattaria – moth mullein
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Veronica agrestris-field speedwell
V. americana-American brooklime
V. anagallis-aquatica-water speedwell
V. arvensis-corn speedwell
V. hederaefolia-ivy-leaved speedwell
V. officinalis-common speedwell
V. peregrina-purslane speedwell
V. persica-bird's-eye speedwell
–
V. serpyllifolia-thyme-leaved speedwell
After Split:
Plantaginaceae-Plantain Family
Includes following genera from Scrophulariaceae: Bacopa (Waterhyssop), Callitriche (Water-starworts), Chaenorrhinum (Dwarf
Snapdragon), Chelone (Turtleheads), Collinsia (Blue-eyed Mary),
Cymbalaria (Kenilworth –ivies), Gratiola (Hedge-hyssop), Kickxia
(Cancerworts), Leucospora (Paleseeds), Limosella (Mudworts), Linaria
(Yellow Toadflaxes), Mecardonia (Axil-flowers), Nuttallanthus
(Toadflaxes)(formerly Linaria), Penstemon (Beard-tongues), Veronica
(Speedwells), Veronicastrum (Culver’s-roots)