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NATIVE AND HIGHLY ADAPTED TREES, SHRUBS AND PERENNIALS IN CARTERET COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA Researched and compiled by Carteret County Master Gardener Volunteers, Sharon Bailey and Carolyn Hoss, 1999 Revised by Carolyn Hoss and Claire Honodel, 2006 LARGE TREES—50 Feet or More Common Name American holly Bald cypress Laurel oak Live oak Longleaf pine Pond cypress Red Maple Southern magnolia Southern red oak Botanical Name Ilex opaca Taxodium distichum Quercus laurifolia Quercus virginiana Pinus palustris Taxodium ascendens Acer rubrum Magnolia grandiflora Quercus falcata Special Characteristics E, SF-white, YLI FC, long-lived, W Sweet gum Liquidamber styraciflua FC, fruitless var. available Sycamore Tulip poplar Platanus occidentalis Liriodendron tulipifera Exfoliating bark Late SF-yellow Tupelo, Black gum Water oak Nyssa sylvatica Quercus nigra FC, M, W, used in decoys E, long-lived, stately, AW E, long-lived, stately, AW E, large attractive pinecones FC, long-lived, W FC, SF-red E, late SF-white, F AW, W KEY AuF Autumn flowerin AW Attracts wildlife D Drought toleran E Evergreen F Fragrant FC Fall color SF Spring flowering ST Salt tolerant SuF Summer flowering W Tolerates wet areas WI Winter interest YLI Year-long interest AW This list includes ground covers, vines, ferns, grasses and aquatic plants. One asterisk designates that the plant is native to North Carolina, but not to Carteret County. Two asterisks mean the plant is native to the southeast, but not to North Carolina. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service 303 College Circle, Morehead City, N.C. 28557 Anne Edwards, Horticulture Extension Agent w 2522226352 http://carteret.ces.ncsu.edu MEDIUM TREES—20 to 50 Feet Common Name Black cherry Carolina cherry laurel Dogwood Eastern red cedar Margaretta or Post oak Pawpaw Red bay Sassafras Sourwood Botanical Name Prunus serotina Prunus caroliniana Cornus florida Juniperus virginiana Quercus margaretta Asimina triloba Persea borbonia Sassafras albidum Oxydendrum arboreum Special Characteristics SF-white, AW E, SF-white SF-white, YLI E, low maintenance AW SF-maroon, edible fruit E, fragrant culinary leaves FC, SF-yellow, culinary FC, SuF-white, YLI Sweet Bay magnolia Magnolia virginiana SF-white, F, semi-evergreen KEY AW Attracts wildlife AuF Autumn flowerin D Drought toleran E Evergreen F Fragrant FC Fall color SF Spring flowering ST Salt tolerant SuF Summer flowering W Tolerates wet areas WI Winter interest YLI Year-long intere SMALL TREES—10 to 20 Feet Common Name Georgia fever tree (rare) ** Loblolly bay Botanical Name Pinckneya bracteata Special Characteristics SuF-pink, YLI Gordonia lasianthus Persimmon Possum haw Red buckeye Redbud Serviceberry Tea olive Titi, Leatherwood Wax myrtle Diospyros virginiana Ilex decidua Aesculus pavia Cercis canadensis Amelanchier canadensis Osmanthus americanus Cyrilla racemiflora Myrica cerifera SuF-white, W, F, semievergreen SF-white, edible fruit SF-white, AW, WI SuF-red FC, FC-deep pink Early SF-pink, white E, SF-white, ST, F FC, SuF-white E, fast-growing, AW, leaves fragrant Witch hazel Yaupon holly Hamamelis virginiana Ilex vomitoria FC, early SF-orange, yellow E, WI-red berries, SF-white, culinary leaves (tea), dwarf varieties up to 10 ft. KEY AW Attracts wildlife AuF Autumn flowering D E F FC SF ST SuF W,ST Drought tolerant Evergreen Fragrant Fall color Spring flowering Salt tolerant Summer flowering Tolerates wet areas WI Winter interest YLI Year-long interest SHRUBS—Up to 10 Feet Common Name American beauty berry Botanical Name Callicarpa americana Special Characteristics FC, SF-white, fuchsia berries in fall Bear grass Cabbage palmetto* Carolina allspice Coastal, dwarf azalea Yucca filamentosa Sabal palmetto Lindera benzoin Rhododendron atlanticum Ilex cassine Ilex vomitoria E, SuF-white, ST, AW E, ST, wind resistant FC, SF-white, berries, AW, F SF-white, F, W Dahoon Dwarf yaupon holly Fetterbush, leucothoe Fringe tree, old man’s beard Leucothoe axillaris Chionanthus virginicus Groundsel tree Hearts-a-bustin’ High bush blueberry Hydrangea Inkberry holly Lyonia, fetterbush New Jersey tea Red chokeberry Smooth sumac* Spanish dagger St. John’s wort Swamp honeysuckle Swamp rose Baccharis halimifolia Euonymus Americana Vaccinium corymbosum Hydrangea sp. Ilex glabra Lyonia lucida Ceanothus americanus Sorbus arbutifolia Rhus glabra Yucca aloifolia Hypericum sp. Rhododendron viscosum Rosa palustris Sweet pepper bush Sweet shrub* Virginia sweet spire Wax myrtle (myrkle) Wild azalea Clethra alnifolia Calycanthus floridus Itea virginica Myrica cerifera Rhododendron nudiflorum Ilex verticillata Fothergilla gardenii Zenobia pulverulenta Winter berry, black alder Witch alder Zenobia E, SF-white, red berries, AW E, SF-white, red berries, AW, culinary leaves (tea) E, SF-white, AW FC, SF-white E, AF-white SF-white, attractive fruit, WI FC, very early SF-white, AW SuF-white, WI, ST E, SF-white, berries, AW E, SF-pink, AW SF-white, W, AW FC, SF-white/pink, AW, F FC, SuF-white, AW E, SuF-white, ST, AW SuF-yellow SF-white, W SuF-pink, winter red hips, AW, W FC, SF-white, AW, ST SF-maroon, F FC, SF-white, AW, F E, ST, AW, leaves fragrant SF & SuF-white/pink, W Red berries, AW, W FC, SF-white SF, SuF-white, W KEY AuF Autumn flowering AW D E F FC Attracts wildlife Drought tolerant Evergreen Fragrant Fall color SF SuF Spring flowering Summer flowering ST W Salt tolerant Tolerates wet areas WI Winter interest YLI Year-long interest PERENNIALS Common Name Black eyed susan Blanket flower Blazing Star Blue star* Butterfly weed, swamp milkweed Cardinal flower Botanical Name Rudbeckia spp. Gaillardia pulchella Liatris spicata Amsonia tabernaemontana Asclepias tuberose Special Characteristics SuF-yellow, AW SuF-red/yellow, sun AuF-lavendar, AW SuF-blue, sun, W AuF AW D E KEY Autumn flowerin Attracts wildlife Drought toleran Evergreen Late SF-orange, AW F Fragrant Lobelia cardinalis, SuF—AuF-red/blue, W FC Fall color SF—SuF-reds, pinks SF Spring flowering ST Salt tolerant Carolina wild pink, Carolina fire pink Columbine* L. puberula Silene caroliniana/ S. virginica Aquilegia canadensis Common yarrow Achillea millefolium SF-red/yellow, partial shade SF-white/pink, D, sun Coreopsis Coreopsis spp. SuF-yellow, AW, sun Dotted horsemint Mondarda punctata False blue indigo* Hardy ageratum Joe Pye weed Native hibiscus** Partridge pea Phlox Baptisia australis Eupatorium coelestinum Eupatorium fistulousum Hibiscus coccineus Cassia fasciculata Phlox spp. Prickly pear cactus Opuntia compressa, O. drummondii Echinacea purpurea Leiophyllum buxifolium Kosteletskya virginica SuF—AuF-pinks, purples, AW SF-blue AuF-blue/purple, AW AuF-pink, A, W SuF—AuF-red, AW, W SuF-yellow SF—SuF-white/blue/pink, AW SuF-yellow (compressa) Purple cone flower* Sand myrtle Seashore mallow, Marsh mallow Seaside goldenrod Spiderwort, dayflower Sunflower Swamp mallow Trilisia Turtlehead* Zephyr lily, rain lily Solidago sempervirens Tradescantia spp. Helianthus augustifolius, H. atrororubens Hibiscus moscheutos Trilisia paniculata Chelone glabra Zephyrantles atamasco SuF-purple, W, sun SF-white,/pink, D SuF-pink, W SuF-yellow, AW, W SF—SuF, pink, blue, white SuF-yellow, W SuF—AuF-pink, white, W, AuF-lavender, AW, W SuF-white/rose SF-- AuF-white, pink; blooms after rains SuF Summer flowering W Tolerates wet areas WI Winter interest YLI Year-long intere GROUND COVERS Common Name Green and gold* Moss pink Partridge berry Pink wood sorrel Pixie moss Violet Wild ginger Botanical Name Chrysogonum virginianum Pholox nivalis Mitchella repens Oxalis violacea, O. dellenii Pyxidanthera barbulata Viola spp. Hexastylis arifolia/virginica Special Characteristics SF-gold SF-pink Early SF-white, red berries, AW, W, shade SF-pink AW KEY Attracts wildlife D Drought toleran SF Summer flowering W Tolerates wet areas SF-white, D SF-white or purple SF-maroon/brown, shade VINES Common Name Butterfly pea Coral honeysuckle Leatherflower Botanical Name Clitoria mariana Lonicera semperviren Clematis crispa*, C. virona Vitus rotundifolia Wisteria frutescens Passiflora incarnata Vitus aestivalis Special Characteristics SuF-blue, lavender E, blooms all year-red, AW AuF-white, W Trumpet vine, cow-itch vine Campsis radicans SuF-pink/orange, AW Virgin’s bower Virginia creeper Clematis virginiana Parthenocissus quinquefolia AuF-white FC Yellow jessamine Gelsemium sempervirens E, early SF-yellow, F Muscadine grape Native wisteria Passionflower, May pop Summer grape, pigeon grape AW, edible fruit, ST SF-purple SuF-purple, edible fruit, AW AW, edible fruit AuF AW E KEY Autumn flowerin Attracts wildlife Evergreen F Fragrant FC Fall color SF Spring flowering SuF Summer flowering FERNS Common Name Bracken Chain Botanical Name Pteridium aquiline Woodwardia virginica Special Characteristics Shade Shade, W Christmas Polystichum acrostichoides Osmunda cinnamonea Thelypteris palustris Osmunda regalis Dryopteris ludoviciana Shade, E Cinnamon Marsh Royal Southern shield KEY E Evergreen W Tolerates wet areas Shade Shade, W Shade, W Shade, W GRASSES Common Name Purple muhly Botanical Name Muhlenbergia capillaries*, M. expansa, M. schreberi Special Characteristics W, D, beautiful pinkish plumes in fall Sea Oats Uniola paniculata White-topped sedge Dichromena latifolia Beautiful seed heads, grows on dunes, protected W, unusual white bracts D W KEY Drought toleran Tolerates wet areas AQUATIC PLANTS Common Name Cattail Duck potato, arrowhead Botanical Name Typhus latifolia Sagittaria falcata Special Characteristics Brown seed head, W SuF-white, W Golden club Orontium aquaticum Lizard’s tail Marsh milkweed Pickerelweed Saururus cernuous Asclepias lanceolata Pontederia cordata Swamp spider lily Vernal iris Waterlily Hymenocallis crassifolia Iris verna Nymphaea odorata SF-yellow; in bogs, stream edges SuF-white, W SuF-pink, W SF—SuF-blue, shallow waters SuF-white, W Yellow pond lily Nuphar luteum Early SF-purple SuF-white/pink; in ponds, pools, streams SuF-yellow; located in ponds, swamps, streams KEY SF Spring flowering SuF Summer flowering W Tolerates wet areas
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