Download Sponges - Napa Valley College

Sponges

What is the sponge’s habitat


Marine (few freshwater species)
What level of organization do sponges have?


Cell level
Type of symmetry?


None
Type of digestive system (none, complete or incomplete)?


None
Where does digestion occur in a sponge?


In collar cells
Gas exchange surface?


Cell membranes
Type of circulatory system?

None
Observation 2 - Stinging cells of a sea
anemone
1.
Where are stinging cells located?
On tentacles
2.
How are stinging cells used by these animals?
To capture prey
Hydrostatic Skeleton
2.
Which muscles do sea anemones contract to extend its body
(rings of circular muscles or the longitudinal muscles?
Circular muscles
3.
Which muscles contract to pull tentacles, the rings of circular
muscles or the longitudinal muscles?
Longitudinal muscles
4.
How is this an example
of opposing muscles?
One set elongates and the other contracts the body
5.
What are the muscles of a sea
anemone contracting against?
Water
Hydrostatic Skeleton
Hydra

Level of organization?


Type of symmetry?


tissue
radial
Type of digestive system (none, complete or incomplete)?
incomplete
Observation 4 – Coral
1. After coral dies, what remains?
Calcium carbonate skeleton
2. How is the skeleton created?
Secreted by individual polyps
3. Although coral is an animal, it only
lives in relatively shallow water
where there is light.
Why is this?
Photosynthesis; symbiotic algae
Flatworms
Level of organization?
organ
Type of symmetry?
bilateral
Type of digestive system
(none, complete or incomplete)?
Incomplete
Does flatworm digestion occur primarily within cells
(intracellular) or outside cells (extracellular)?
extracellular
Flatworms
5.
Gas exchange surface?
Body surface


How does oxygen get from the flatworm’s environment to the body cells?
 Direct diffusion
How does the shape of a flatworm make the process of gas exchange more
efficient?
 Large surface to volume ratio
6.
Type of circulatory system?
none
7.
What are the distinguishing characteristics of the flatworms?
Cephalized, incomplete digestive system, feed through pharynx…
8.
Flatworms live in freshwater ponds and streams and searches out decaying
material to eat. Where are the sensory organs of the flatworm located?
1. In front of body (head region)

What makes this body plan well-suited to this method of getting food?
 Can sense food and move toward it.
Class Gastropods: The Snails
1.
Level of organization?
organ
2.
Type of symmetry?
Bilateral
3.
Type of digestive system (none, complete or incomplete)?
complete
 What are advantages of a complete digestive system compared to an incomplete
digestive system.
 More efficient feeding and digestion
4.
Gas exchange surface?
Terrestrial?
Lungs (inside mantle)

Marine?

gills
Mollusks
6.
What type of circulatory system is found in each mollusk class?
Gastropod:
Bivalve:
Cephalopod:
Gastropods and bivalve, open : cephalopods, closed

What is the difference between an open and closed circulatory system?
In closed; the fluid never leaves the vessels

Why does the circulatory system differ among the classes of mollusks? (think:
differences in lifestyle for each)
Cephalopods swim fast

Mussel and clams lifestyle are bivalves, what type of lifestyle do they have? How do
they feed?
Sedentary ( burrow in sand/mud and stay) , Filter feeders
7.
Unique or distinguishing characteristics?
Mantle, foot, shell
8.
What are two characteristics all of these animals have in common which places them in
the phylum Mollusca? (Hint: remember, bivalves don’t have a radula)

a. foot
b. mantle
Earthworm (Annelid)
1.
Level of organization?
organ
2.
Type of symmetry?
bilateral
3.
Type of digestive system?
complete
4.
Gas exchange surface?
Body surface
5.
Type of circulatory system?
closed
8.
What metal is used in marine polycheate blood?
Copper
9.
What is the important ecological role of
earthworms in terrestrial environments?
Till, aerate and fertilize soil
Hydrostatic Skeleton
Crayfish (Arthropods)
1.
How many walking legs does the crayfish have?
8
2.
Habitat?
Aquatic
3.
Level of organization?
organ
4.
Type of symmetry?
Bilateral
5.
Type of circulatory system?
open
6.
Gas exchange surface? Aquatic? Terrestrial?
Aquatic Gills, book lung
 Insects also have an open circulatory system, but they can be very fast moving and
expend a lot of energy. How might this be explained?
Tracheal system
Arthropod Diversity
•
Which arthropod class is most successful on earth?
•
•
insects
How are aquatic arthropods different from terrestrial arthropods?
What kinds of adaptations (in terms of appendages or structures)?
•
•
Gills vs tracheal system, swimming structures vs walking legs
Give one example of an arthropod that goes from being aquatic to
terrestrial. What changes (include gas exchange structures) occur
that adapt them to each environment?
•
Insects with aquatic larvae (e.g. dragonflies)
Phylum Chordates
•
Be able to identify the members of the Chordates to class, and know their
distinguishing characteristics.
•
What is a vertebrate?
• Chordate with backbone, skull and jaw
•
Level of organization?
• Organ
•
Type of symmetry?
• Bilateral
•
Type of digestive system (complete or incomplete)?
• Complete
•
What type of gas exchange surfaces are found in each class (some use more than
one)?
• Gills and lungs (skin in amphibians)
•
Type of circulatory system?
• Closed
•
Unique or distinguishing characteristics of the phylum Chordata?
• Notochord, dorsal nerve chord, pharyngeal gill slits, tail extending past anus