Download Second Semester Final Review ch. 17: the atmosphere Height and

Second Semester Final Review
ch. 17: the atmosphere
1.
What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?___Nitrogen______
<Ps. It’s not Oxygen>
2. Which of the following terms best describes air? Mixture
o Element
o Compound
o Mixture
3. What is the most important gas for understanding WEATHER??? ___Water Vapor_______________
Height and Structure of the Atmosphere
4. What is the ozone? A gas that protects us from the Sun’s radiation.
a. Where is it located in the atmosphere? Stratosphere
5. If you climb a mountain, what happens to the temperature as you climb? Gets colder with height
6. June 21 is referred to as the _____summer solstice______________.
7. Days and nights are equal in length everywhere on Earth during _______spring and fall equinox_____.
Layers of the Atmosphere: Pg 480
8. Label the layers of earth’s atmosphere
thermosphere
mesosphere
stratosphere
troposphere
9. Which layer is the lowest? troposphere______
10.Which layer contains weather?_tropospohere__
11.Which layer contains ozone? _stratosphere_____
12.Meteors are visible in which layer?_mesospohere__
30%
13. Fill in the percentages below.
20%
50%
Temperature Controls
14. Contrast land heating to water heating. Land heats up and cools down faster than water.
15. Contrast temperatures for low and high altitudes. High altitudes are colder than low altitude places
16. What does cloud cover do to the day and night temperatures? Clouds keep temperatures colder during the
day but warmer at night than clear skies.
Leeward and Windward Coasts
17. Compare/Contrast the two city’s temperatures.
City A has more extreme temperatures than city B
18. City B has _warmer_ winters and _colder_ summers.
chapter 18: Clouds, moisture, and precipitation
19. Condensation is __gas_______to__liquid__________ Energy Released or Absorbed?
20. Evaporation is __liquid_____to__gas_____
Energy Released or Absorbed?
21. Sublimation is __solid_________to____gas________
Energy Released or Absorbed?
22. Deposition is __gas_________to___liquid_________
Energy Released or Absorbed?
23. Fill in the meaning of each root word
Alto:
Mid level cloud
Cirro:
High level cloud
Nimbo:
Cloud with precipitation
Stratus:
Flat cloud
Cumulus:
Puffy cloud
Cirrus:
Wispy cloud
Chapter 19: air pressure and wind
Use the following vocabulary and match them with the answer
24. _D____ Air Pressure
A. Name associated with a center of low pressure
25. _A____Cyclones
B. Line on a map indicating equal air pressure along it
26. _F____Anticyclones
C. Instrument for measuring air pressure
27. _G____Wind
D. Force exerted by air above
28. _C____Barometer
E. Line on a map indicating equal temperature along it
29. _B____Isobar
F. Name associated with a center of high pressure
30. _E____Isotherm
G. Variations in air pressure from place to place
31. Fill in Blanks: High Pressure vs. Low Pressure
High
Low
Weather (Good/Bad)
Good / Fair weather
Bad/ Stormy weather
Movement of Air
(Rising or Sinking)
Sinking
Rising
Official Name
(Cyclone/Anti-cyclone)
Anticyclone
Cyclone
Direction of Movement
(Draw with arrows)
Clockwise
Counter-clockwise
Air moves Inward
(toward the system) or
Outward (away from)?
Outward
inward
Pressure
Air Pressure
32. Explain air pressure. Weight of air above you
33. The ultimate energy source for most wind is the _Sun______.
34. The Coriolis Effect influences Wind Direction or Wind Speed? (circle your answer) Wind direction
35. What are the lines on this map called? Isobars
36. Lines are closest together in which state? Wisconsin
37. What do close lines indicate about air pressure? Fast
Winds
**You may use one answer more than once or even not at all
38. _C____ High-altitude, high-velocity winds
A. Low Pressure System
39. _F____ Steep air pressure gradient causes this
B. High Pressure System
40. _D____ Mountain and valley breezes are example of
C. Jet Streams
41. _A____ Precipitation is associated with this type of system
D. Local Winds
42. _C____ Fast moving rivers of air that travel West to East in US
E. Stable Winds
43. _B____ This system produces air that sinks
F. Strong Winds
44. _A____ This system rotates counter-clockwise
Chapter 20: Weather Patterns and Severe Storms
Classifying Air Masses
45. Define Maritime = _Humid
46. Define Continental = _Dry
47. Define Polar = _Cold
48. Define Tropical =_Warm
49. Identify each air mass
A. mP
B. cP
C. cP
D. mP
E. mT
F. cT
G. mT
50. Weather in North America (east of the Rocky Mountains is most affected by which two air masses? mT & cP
51. What is the name of a boundary that separates two air masses?__Front__
52. Fill in the blanks
Warm Front
Cold Front
_Warm_______ air moves into an area of cooler air
Shown as a line with __half circles____
Intensity of Rain? ___Light to moderate____
_Cold___ air moves into an area of warmer air
Shown as a line with ___triangles_______________
Intensity of Rain?_Heavy_____________
53. What are middle-latitude cyclones?
a. fast-moving cold fronts
b. heavy snowstorms that form on the leeward sides of lakes
c. low-pressure systems that cause stormy weather
d. warm air masses that move across the middle of the United States
54. Tornadoes are most frequent from __spring and summer, afternoon hours, and by cold fronts____.
55. Tornadoes are classified according to intensity using the __Fujita Scale____.
56. The eye of a hurricane has the ____.
a. Highest wind speeds
b. Warmest temperatures
c. Most intense rainfall
d. Highest air pressure
57. What type of front forms when the surface position of the front does not move? Stationary front
58. What is a hurricane?
a. a tropical cyclone
b. a middle-latitude anticyclone
c. a middle-latitude cyclone
d. a tropical anticyclone
59. A hurricane’s energy comes from what? Warm oceans
60. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the eye of hurricane?
a. has the storm’s strongest winds
b. is at the storm’s center
c. has no precipitation
d. is warm because of descending air