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Biology 11
Mrs. Garrison
LECTURE REVIEW QUESTIONS
CELL STRUCTURE
1. Explain how the image seen by the viewer differs between scanning electron microscopes,
transmission electron microscopes and light microscopes .
2. Explain the three tenets of cell theory.
3. What is the basic function of the plasma membrane?
4. What is cytoplasm? Approximately what percent of cytoplasm is made up of water?
5. Explain the characteristics of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells and how they are different.
6. Explain the characteristics of autotrophic cells and heterotrophic cells and how they are
different.
7. Explain the basic differences between plant and animal cells.
8. How does an electron microscope differ from a light microscope in terms of manner in which
they work? In terms of the amount of magnification?
9. Explain what a cellular organelle is.
10. Explain the names and functions of the following organelles:
Nucleus (including the chromosomes and nucleolus inside the nucleus); rough endoplasmic
reticulum; smooth endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus (=Golgi bodies); transport vesicles;
lysosomes; mitochondrion; chloroplast; central vacuole. Which of these organelles are found in
animal cells? Which are found in plant cells? Recognize these organelles in the diagrams found
in the text.
11. Explain the names and functions of the following cellular structures:
Cytoskeleton; microtubule; flagellum; cilium; cell wall. Which of these structures are found in
animal cells? Which are found in plant cells? Recognize these structures in the diagrams found
in the text.
12. Explain the endomembrane system. Which organelles are part of this system? What is the
function of each of these organelles as the membrane moves through the organelle on its way
to the outer plasma membrane?
13. What organelles are not part of the endomembrane system? What are their functions in the
cell?
14. What organelles function in production of food molecules or conversion of those food
molecules to ATP (energy molecule) within the cell?
15. Name the three types of cell junctions which were discussed in lecture. What does each
junction look like and what is its function?