Download CH20 Revolutions 10ed WS

NAME: _____________________________________
CP: ____ DATE: _______________
CH 20 REVOLUTIONS WORKSHEET
ANSWER SHEET
Part I Matching
Part II Multiple Choice
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NAME: _____________________________________
CP: ____ DATE: _______________
CH 20 REVOLUTIONS WORKSHEET
Part I Matching: On the answer sheet write the letter of the word or phrase that best matches
the definition or example provided. Some terms may be used more than once; others may not be
used at all.
second revolution
Girondists
sans-culottes
Thermidorean reaction
abolition of slavery
Grand Empire
Napoleonic Code
estates
the Mountain
dechristianization
Maupeou parlements
continental system
Estates General
National Assembly
manorial rights
constitutional monarchy
Great Fear
Jacobin Club
Reign of Terror
1. A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793.
2. The three legal categories, or orders, of France's inhabitants: the clergy, the nobility, and
everyone else.
3. The first French revolutionary legislature, made up primarily of representatives of the third
estate and a few from the nobility and clergy, in session from 1789 to 1791.
4. A legislative body in pre-Revolutionary France made up of representatives of each of the
three classes, or estates; it was called into session in 1789 for the first time since 1614.
5. The fear of noble reprisals against peasant uprisings that seized the French countryside and
led to further revolt.
6. A form of government in which the king retains his position as head of state, while the
authority to tax and make new laws resides in an elected body.
7. A political club in Revolutionary France whose members were well-educated radical
republicans.
8. From 1792 to 1795, the second phase of the French Revolution, during which the fall of the
French monarchy introduced a rapid radicalization of politics.
9. Campaign to eliminate Christian faith and practice in France undertaken by the revolutionary
government.
10. Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical faction, which seized
legislative power in 1793.
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11. The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee
breeches of the aristocracy and middle class; the word came to refer to the militant radicals of
the city.
12. The period from 1793 to 1794 during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried
and executed thousands suspected of treason and a new revolutionary culture was imposed.
13. A reaction to the violence of the Reign of Terror in 1794, resulting in the execution of
Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls.
14. French civil code promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of
all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property as
well as restricting rights accorded to women by previous revolutionary laws.
15. A blockade imposed by Napoleon to halt all trade between continental Europe and Britain,
thereby weakening the British economy and military.
16. The empire over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe
except Great Britain and Russia.
Part II Multiple Choice: Using the answer sheet select the letter of the response which best
answers the question or completes the statement.
1. During the Hundred Days,
A. the sans-culottes committed the September Massacres.
B. Napoleon was driven from Russia.
C. Napoleon returned from exile to rule France briefly.
D. the Reign of Terror executed 30,000 people.
E. the National Assembly wrote France's first constitution.
2. Why did the conflict between the monarchy and the Parlement reemerge after the Seven
Years' War?
A. The Parlement claimed authority over the military in order to weaken the king's authority.
B. The monarchy sought to retain emergency taxes after the war ended.
C. The Parlement attempted to implement religious toleration for Protestants in opposition
to the king's wishes.
D. The monarchy adopted legal reforms that removed the Parlement's right to review royal
edicts.
E. The Parlement publicly criticized the monarchy's handling of the war and the loss of the
North American colonies.
3. All of the following were true of the French clergy on the eve of the French Revolution except
A. they were under the complete control of the papacy.
B. there were about 100,000 of them.
C. they paid only a voluntary gift, rather than regular taxes.
D. they levied a tax on landowners.
E. they owned about 10 percent of the land.
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NAME: _____________________________________
CP: ____ DATE: _______________
4. How did Louis XV damage the sense of his sacred authority?
A. Louis allowed his common-born mistresses to exercise tremendous influence culturally
and politically, which led to scandalous depictions of the king and the court in pamphlets.
B. Louis attempted to remove his rightful son as his successor and name one of his
illegitimate children as the heir to the throne.
C. Louis refused to take Holy Communion because of the claims of the Catholic Church that
he had illegally seized church property.
D. Louis had sided with Protestant princes against the effort of the Catholic Dukes of
Austria to unify all of the German lands under Catholic authority.
E. Louis granted freedom of worship to Protestants and Jews, in violation of Roman
Catholic law.
5. Why did Great Britain seek to raise taxes on its American colonies in the 1760s?
A. The rising cost of increasingly elaborate court ceremonies had forced the government to
seek tax increases on all its territories.
B. Great Britain expected the American colonies to help pay for the expenses incurred
during the Seven Years' War, which protected the colonies from the French.
C. The work to rebuild the city of London following the Great Fire required extraordinary
expenses that all of the colonies were expected to support.
D. British merchant shipping to the colonies was under increased attack from pirates and
from hostile forces, requiring the British to provide expensive naval convoys.
E. Great Britain sought to prepare the colonies for eventual independence by establishing
local governments with existing systems of taxation.
6. Why was France unable to manage its debt, even though that debt was much smaller, relative
to its population, than the debt of either Great Britain or Holland?
A. France's economy was more agricultural than those of its rivals, making its wealth harder
to tax and individuals less willing to lend it money.
B. France lacked trained and experienced financial officers, supported by accounting and
bookkeeping staffs, who could direct state credit systems.
C. France's economic and political elites lacked a large pool of available capital from which
the government could borrow.
D. France lacked a central bank, a paper currency, and a means of creating credit to
effectively borrow money.
E. France failed to adopt the use of bonds to arrange for long-term debt, believing that such
financial instruments demonstrated government weakness.
7. According to the text, the Directory continued French wars of conquest begun by early
revolutionary governments
A. out of an ideological commitment to liberate all of Europe from aristocratic domination.
B. out of fear that without French intervention Russia would dominate the continent.
C. because big, victorious armies kept men employed and could draw sustenance from the
conquered areas.
D. because the nationalistic populace demanded this.
E. to prevent the French people from asking questions about the Terror of 1793 to 1794.
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8. The National Assembly that ruled France from 1789 to 1791 passed laws that
A. eliminated women's right to hold property.
B. made divorce more difficult.
C. banned Catholic priests from marrying couples.
D. broadened women's rights to seek divorce and inherit property.
E. made men and women equal.
9. What was the political effect of the attack on the Bastille?
A. The king's plan to reassert his authority was forestalled, permitting the National
Assembly to continue its work.
B. The National Assembly dissolved the monarchy and arrested the king for treason against
the nation.
C. The peasantry revolted in the Great Fear and attacked noble manors across France.
D. The Parlement dissolved the National Assembly until the people of Paris returned the
Bastille to royal control.
E. The Church ordered all of the First Estate to withdraw from the National Assembly and
return to their parishes.
10. In the wake of the Great Fear, how did the National Assembly restore order?
A. They called up army and militia units to suppress the rebellious peasants.
B. They promised to reestablish the control on bread prices.
C. They instituted a system of land redistribution so that the nobles would pass land to the
peasants.
D. They reduced taxes on agricultural products.
E. They abolished all of the old noble and church privileges.
11. Who forced the king and the royal family to abandon Versailles and return to Paris?
A. The peasants of the Great Fear
B. Several thousand Parisian women
C. The rioters of the Bastille
D. The National Assembly
E. The Parlement
12. Abbé Sieyès's answer to the question, “What is the Third Estate?” was that it was
A. a bunch of rabble-rousers.
B. the true strength of the French nation.
C. those who adhered to liberalism.
D. the business and professional elite.
E. a parasitic class that robbed the peasantry and artisans of the just fruits of their labor.
13. The National Assembly instituted all of the following reforms except
A. the abolition of monopolies, guilds, and workers' associations.
B. granting religious toleration to French Jews and Protestants.
C. eliminating all barriers to trade within France.
D. recognizing women as holding full civil rights.
E. dividing France into eighty-three departments of relatively equal size.
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NAME: _____________________________________
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14. How did the reaction of kings and nobles in continental Europe toward the Revolution
change over the Revolution's first two years?
A. Initially pleased by the Revolution's weakening of France, they came to feel threatened
by its increasingly radical message.
B. Initially confused by the claims of the revolutionaries, they came to embrace most of
their ideas as representing solid Enlightenment thought.
C. Initially fearful of the Revolution's chaos, they came to support the effort to implement
needed reforms in France.
D. Initially pleased by the Revolution's embrace of Enlightenment ideas, they came to fear
the idea of nationalism spread by the Revolution.
E. Initially outraged at the Revolution's attacks on the authority of the Catholic Church, they
came to embrace the Revolution's efforts to expand the authority of the state over the
Church.
15. How did the delegates to the Legislative Assembly that convened in October 1791 differ
from the delegates to the Estates General/National Assembly?
A. They were more experienced politicians with a strong commitment to reforming the
nation.
B. They were younger and less cautious; many of them joined political clubs.
C. They were drawn mostly from the class of lawyers and officeholders.
D. They were drawn mostly from the provinces and rural countryside.
E. They were more well-read and educated in the traditions of the Enlightenment.
16. How did the French armies offer a mixed message to the people whom they conquered?
A. The armies presented themselves as liberators to the peasants and middle class, but also lived off
of the land, requisitioning food and supplies and plundering local treasure.
B. The armies promised to retain local tradition and institutions, but removed all of the older nobility
and eliminated the power of the Catholic Church.
C. The armies spoke of peace and prosperity, but instituted harsh purges of all political opponents
and high new taxes to pay for the army.
D. The armies promised to defend the property and privileges of all of the nobility, but instituted a
“Great Fear” in the provinces to abolish feudalism.
E. The armies chose not to seize territory permanently for France, but began to appoint French
military commanders as new nobles in conquered lands.
17. What was the goal of the Committee of Public Safety?
A. To build a coalition of provincial leaders in order to suppress rebellions in France
B. To establish a secret police force in order to institute the Reign of Terror
C. To use dictatorial powers to respond to threats to the French from without and within
D. To serve as a propaganda bureau to counter the arguments of those who opposed the Revolution
E. To investigate the army in order to weed out disloyal officers and ensure its obedience to the
Legislative Assembly
18. In the 1780s, over 50 percent of France's annual budget was expended on
A. the military.
B. the royal court.
C. administrative functions.
D. interest payments on the debt.
E. bread subsidies for the poor.
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NAME: _____________________________________
CP: ____ DATE: _______________
19. The legal definition of the composition of the pre-Revolutionary Third Estate included
A. everyone who was not a noble or a member of the clergy.
B. the clergy.
C. the peasantry.
D. the nobility.
E. businessmen and artisans.
20. By July 1794, how had the central government in Paris managed to reassert control over the
provinces and gain momentum against the First Coalition?
A. The central government used its control over bread supplies to starve the provinces into
obedience.
B. The central government used the threat of a British invasion to rally all of the French
provinces to its side.
C. The central government bribed local officials by placing them into high government
offices.
D. The central government harnessed the explosive forces of a planned economy,
revolutionary terror, and modern nationalism into a total war effort.
E. The central government negotiated peace arrangements with all of the provinces, offering
them control over conquered foreign territories.
21. The men elected to represent the Third Estate at the Estates General were primarily
A. provincial nobles.
B. businessmen.
C. lawyers and government officials.
D. sans-culottes.
E. wealthy peasants.
22. As the Jacobins gained power, what was their reaction to women's political activity?
A. They banned all women's political activity, which they believed to be disorderly and a
distraction from women's proper domestic duties.
B. They permitted women to participate as passive citizens, without the right to vote but
allowed to participate in public debate and gatherings.
C. They permitted women who agreed with Jacobin principles the right to full participation
in political life.
D. They permitted women most political rights except the right to vote, as long as they
supported Jacobin politicians.
E. They welcomed women as full political actors in their own right and with full civil
liberties.
23. Why did the French commissioners in Saint-Domingue abolish slavery?
A. They were required by the Committee of Public Safety to apply the principles of liberty
and equality to all French lands.
B. The British and Spanish had already outlawed slavery, and the French commissionaires
feared a rebellion if they did not do likewise.
C. They were captured by slave armies and forced to issue the edict abolishing slavery.
D. They believed that Saint-Domingue could only return to profitability with free labor.
E. They were desperate to rally the rebel slaves to the French cause against the Spanish and
English forces on the island.
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NAME: _____________________________________
CP: ____ DATE: _______________
24. Why did members of the Convention turn against Robespierre on 9 Thermidor?
A. They believed that Robespierre was soon to proclaim himself the new king of France.
B. They believed that Robespierre intended to extend the ideals of the Revolution so that
slaves would be freed and Jews accepted as full citizens.
C. They believed that Robespierre might soon have them arrested and executed.
D. They believed that Robespierre had cowardly withdrawn from confronting the Prussian
and Austrian armies.
E. They believed that Robespierre had betrayed the Revolution by accepting bribes from
Great Britain.
25. What two fundamental principles of the Revolution were codified into the Napoleonic Code?
A. The ideal of nationalism and the guarantee of civil rights to all people
B. The rejection of monarchy and the adoption of republicanism
C. The equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and
private property
D. The abolition of slavery and the recognition of freedom of religion
E. The right of women to vote and hold public offices and the guarantee of education
26. The life-and-death political struggle between the Girondists and the Mountain resulted
mainly from
A. profound differences on questions of policy.
B. the Girondists' rejection of war.
C. the Girondists' radical economic and social policies.
D. the Girondists' more moderate policies.
E. religious differences.
27. According to the text, in the summer of 1789 the National Assembly was driven toward more
radical action by
A. Maximilien Robespierre's brilliant rhetoric.
B. fear of attack by Austria and Prussia.
C. King Louis XVI's attempted flight from France.
D. revolutionary actions of French peasants and the common people of Paris.
E. the completion of the American constitution.
28. How did the Concordat resolve the crisis over Catholicism in France?
A. In France the Catholic Church was again recognized as the state religion, which all
citizens had to embrace or face prosecution under the law.
B. The Catholic Church reclaimed full authority over the appointment of church officials,
while the French state gained the right to oversee church finances.
C. The Catholic Church gained the right to practice religion freely, while the French state
gained greater control over the nomination of church officers and church activities.
D. The Catholic Church gained the right to punish priests who had abandoned the Church
during the Revolution, while the French state agreed to reimburse the Church for land
lost during the Revolution.
E. The Catholic Church promised to promote French nationalism, while the French state
agreed to abandon efforts to control church doctrine.
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NAME: _____________________________________
CP: ____ DATE: _______________
29. Which of the following best describes the political system of Napoleon?
A. Napoleon embraced the idea of liberties proposed by the Revolution but also retained
power in the military should he need to suppress dissent.
B. Napoleon remained so widely popular due to his reforms that he did not need to
challenge the civil liberties that French men and women had come to expect.
C. Napoleon imposed a harsh military rule under martial law that permitted no expression of
dissent.
D. Napoleon frequently violated civil liberties by censoring newspapers, creating a spy
system, and arbitrarily arresting people suspected of subversive activities.
E. Napoleon largely ignored organized political operations, choosing to act by whim and
inspiration.
30. What was the economic effect of Napoleon's Continental System?
A. British merchants prospered, for the French merchants were now barred from British
colonies.
B. British merchants and craftsmen lost their major market, deeply harming the British
economy and the British tax base for its wars against France.
C. French merchants and manufacturers profited from the monopoly they now held on
continental trade.
D. French artisans and the middle class suffered, for they were economically damaged by
the blockade of Great Britain.
E. French colonies collapsed because the British blockaded them in response to the French
blockade.
31. According to Olympe de Gouges,
A. women should enjoy special rights and privileges.
B. men and women should be equal in the eyes of the law.
C. monarchy was the most oppressive form of government.
D. it was natural to exclude women from the political process.
E. the government ought to sponsor free public day care.
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