Download The Age of Imperialism Section 1

The Age of Imperialism
Section 1
The Age of Imperialism
The British in India
Section 1
Main Idea
One of the first examples of European imperialism in Asia, the British
rule over India changed Indian politics, economics, and society and led
to the rise of Indian nationalism.
IMPERIALISM=BULLYING
EUROCENTRIC VIEW +WHITE MAN’S BURDEN. Money and political
prestige
Content Statement:
Describe the political, economic, and social roots of imperialism
expansion.
Describe how imperialism involved land acquisition, extraction of raw
materials, spread of Western values, and maintenance of political control.
Describe how the consequences of imperialism were viewed differently by
the colonizers and the colonized.
The Age of Imperialism
Vocabulary 11-1
Section 1
• Imperialism: practice of extending a nation’s power by gaining
territories for a colonial empire. Page 344: process of one
people ruling or controlling another. BULLYING
• British East India Company: a joint-stock company granted a
royal charter by Elizabeth I for purpose of controlling India.
• Sepoy Mutiny: rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against
the British in India. Leads to British government ruling India.
• Raj: British rule of India from 1757 until 1947
• Indian National Congress: major political party in India;
founded in 1885 to press for greater rights for Indians under
British rule.
• Muslim League: political group founded in 1906 to protect the
rights of Indian Muslims.
Setting the Stage
The Age of Imperialism
Imperialism 1)
Section 1
• By 1700, Spain, Great Britain, France, Portugal ruled vast
territories in the Americas
• Europeans had less success ruling territory in Asia, Africa
• Crash Course: Asia and Africa resistant to disease and could
match weaponry.
Expanding Power 2)
• Europeans had built trading posts along Asian, African coasts,
but held little territory farther inland
• Two factors that made possible:
1. new technologies (Industrial Revolution)
2. weakening of great empires of Asia, Africa
The Age of Imperialism
Section 1
New
3)
The Technologies
Age of Imperialism
Section 1
• Advances in technology gave Europeans huge military
advantage
• Steam-powered gunboats, Repeating rifles, machine guns,
exploding shells. Maxim Machine gun
• Asian, African weapon makers could not match technologies
Weakening Empire in Africa and Asia 4)
• India’s Mughal Empire took deep decline after 1707
• Ottoman Empire lost strength in North African
• China’s Qing dynasty faced rebellions;
• By the late 1700’s, European armies faced limited resistance as
they claimed new territories.
Section 1
The Age of Imperialism
4.British East India Company
Early British imperialism in India was carried out by the British East
India Trading Company. It soon became embroiled in Indian politics.
The British Take Control
• East India Company activity
limited to coastal trading
cities while Mughal Empire
strong
• Mid-1700s, when empire
broke apart into small states,
East India Company leaders
saw chance to take over
Indian lands
Kept India in Chaos
• Manipulated rulers of states,
suggested each needed British
support to keep throne
• Played rulers against each
other, kept India in chaos
• Company’s army took over
much of India, claiming it had
to restore order
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1
The
AgeSepoy
of Imperialism
5.The
Mutiny: Sepoy view vs British
•
•
•
•
1857, strained relations exploded into rebellion, the Sepoy Mutiny
Sepoys were Indian soldiers who fought in British army
Introduction of new type British rifle set off rebellion
To load rifle, soldier had to bite off end of ammunition cartridge greased with
pork, beef fat; offended Muslim, Hindu sepoys
• Muslims did not eat pork; Hindus did not eat beef
Protest and Punishment
• Sepoys in Meerut refused to use
cartridges; thought it plot to make
them abandon Hinduism, Islam
• Sepoys punished for protesting
• In response, northern Indian sepoys
rose up against British
• Eventually gained control of Delhi
Violence and Atrocities
• Violence of rebellion ferocious
• Both sides committed atrocities
• Sepoys killed British officers, as well
as wives, children
• Captured mutineers strapped to
cannons and shot; villages burned
• Fighting continued two years
The Age of Imperialism
5.Results of Mutiny
Section 1
British ended the rule of East India Company in 1858
as result of mutiny.
• British government ruled India directly
– British moved away from some social regulations
that angered many Indians
– Distrust still continued between British, Indians
The Age of Imperialism
India as a British Colony 6)Section 1
• Colony of India —the “jewel in the crown” of the British Empire. Gave Britain
political and financial rewards, national pride . RAW MATERIALS!!
• For Indians, British rule source of frustration and humiliation
• Frustration gave rise to powerful feelings of nationalism
7.The Raj
• Era of British rule in
India often called British
Raj, Hindu word
meaning “rule”.
• Result of Sepoy Mutiny
• Administration carried
out by government
agency, Indian Civil
Service (ICS)
ICS 7)
• Though ruling India,
most ICS officials
British
• ICS employed very
few Indians
• Many educated
Indians frustrated at
having no say in own
government
Westernization 7 +9
• Many British thought
they were superior
– Segregated
neighborhoods;
exclusive clubs
– Westernized Indians
• Prejudiced, thought
Indians incapable of
governing selves
• WHITE MAN’S
BURDEN
The Age of Imperialism
India as a British Colony Section 1
Bengal
• Nationalism turned radical when British announced plans to partition Bengal
• Nationalists thought partition attempt to break up Bengal’s Hindu population
Radicals 8)
• Radicals in Congress called for boycott of British goods
• Swadeshi- lasted three years
• Participants vowed to wear only Indian-made garments, burned British cloth
• Some militants attacked British officials, were punished
Unintended Consequences
• British convinced to make concessions to Indian people
• 1906 Muslim League formed to protect interests of Indian Muslims
• (1885) Indian National Congress and Muslim League led in fight for
independence later
1 your
9)
Summarize
the
Look at questions ReadSection
through
The
Age of Imperialism
effects of British
#1-8 and organize notes and place
rule on India in
in boxes below
info in each box
each category
below
a) Politics/land
acquisition
b)Economics
c) Society
India Company 9) politics; land Section
acquisition
1
TheBritish
Age ofEast
Imperialism
The British Take Control
#4 again Kept India in Chaos
• British East India Company
activity limited to coastal
trading cities while Mughal
Empire strong
• Manipulated rulers of states,
suggested each needed
British support to keep throne
• Mid-1700s, when empire
broke apart into small states,
East India Company leaders
saw chance to take over
Indian lands
• Played rulers against each
other, kept India in chaos
• Company’s army took over
much of India, claiming it had
to restore order
The Age
of Rise
Imperialism
The
of Indian Nationalism 9) Section
politics1
• Indian elites and middle classes lacked opportunities
• (ICS): Indians had little power to influence decisions at higher
levels of government
Nationalist Movement
• New reform idea first
expressed by reformer Ram
Mohun Roy, 1820s
• Felt British violating Indian’s
rights, including free speech,
religion
Activating Movement
• 1885, Indian National
Congress, first nationalist
group, founded by Englishspeaking Indians
• Muslim League formed 1906
Section
9.ofEconomics
Raj 1
The Age
Imperialism Life under the British
Raj Building Projects
• During Raj, British built railroads, roads, canals in India
• By 1910, India had fourth-largest railroad network in world
• British invested in transportation to move troops; help sell British products
Raj Commerce 9) economics; extraction of raw materials
• India important market for British manufactured goods
• Also source of raw materials like cotton, tea, indigo, jute
• Taxes from Indian landowners paid for administration of India, Indian army
Raj Impact
• British manufactured goods devastated India’s pre-existing textile industry
• Had been major exporter; British closed factories to prevent competition
• Mid-1800s, India primarily exported raw materials, not manufactured goods
Radicals 7)
• Radicals in Congress called for boycott of British goods
• Swadeshi- lasted three years
Changes in India 9) societySection 1
The Age of Imperialism
Making Changes
Banning Customs
• East India Company made
changes to Indian society
• Introduced new education
system, English language
• Introduced British laws
banning certain customs, like
sati
• Practice of Hindu widows
throwing selves on
husbands’ funeral fires
Destroying Society
• British also invited Christian missionaries to spread beliefs
• British wanted to eliminate Hinduism completely
Section 1
The Age of Imperialism
The Sepoy Mutiny 9) society
• 1857, strained relations exploded into rebellion, the Sepoy Mutiny
• Cause of Mutiny
• To load rifle, soldier had to bite off end of ammunition cartridge greased
with pork, beef fat; offended Muslim, Hindu sepoys
• Muslims did not eat pork; Hindus did not eat beef
Protest and Punishment
Violence and Atrocities
• Sepoys in Meerut refused to use
cartridges; thought it plot to make them
abandon Hinduism, Islam
• Sepoys punished for protesting
• In response, northern Indian sepoys rose
up against British
• Eventually gained control of Delhi
• Violence of rebellion ferocious
• Both sides committed atrocities
• Sepoys killed British officers, as well as
wives, children
• Captured mutineers strapped to cannons
and shot; villages burned
• Fighting continued two years
Section 1
The Age of Imperialism
Results of Mutiny 9) society
• British ended the rule of East India Company in 1858
• British government ruled India directly Raj
– British moved away from some social regulations that
angered many Indians
– Distrust still continued between British, Indians
– Indian Civil Service (ICS) carried out rules
• Few Indians involved in gov’t
The Age of Imperialism
Section 1
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Age of Imperialism
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Section 1
Section 1
The Age of Imperialism
4.Changes in India
Making Changes
Banning Customs
• East India Company made
changes to Indian society
• Introduced British laws banning
certain customs, like sati
• Introduced new education
system, English language
• Practice of Hindu widows
throwing selves on husbands’
funeral fires
Destroying Society
Straining Relations
• British also invited Christian
missionaries to spread beliefs
• Thought British wanted to
eliminate Indian customs,
Hinduism completely
• Some began to believe British
trying to destroy their society
• Relations between Indians,
British increasingly strained