Download The Linnaeus Classification System

THE LINNAEAN
CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEM
Pages 5-4 through 5-11
Linnaean Classification
2

Created by Carolus
Linnaeus in 1735
 Swedish
botanist
 Created an organized
system to categorize
plants and animals
 Two-name system =
binomial nomenclature
The Need for classification
3
Three reasons for classification:
 It helps to identify relationships
between organisms
 It requires scientists to identify
key characteristics of organisms
 It helps to avoid confusion
 Only
one Latin name (Genus
species)
 Common names differ by culture &
one species may have several
common names
Classification Taxa
4
An organism’s scientific name represents two taxa:
 Genus – a group of closely related organisms


Examples: house cats, lions, tigers, bobcats, mountain
lions, & cheetahs are in the genus Felis
Species – written in lower-case
 usually
a group of organisms that can reproduce
together
Organisms are identified by their genus and species
Seven main taxa
5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Kingdom =group of phyla
Phylum (division) = a group of classes
Class = group of related orders
Order = group of related families
Family = group of genera that share
characteristics
Genus (genera) = group of closely
related species
Species = Latin name for an
individual organism
Determining Taxa
6

How organisms are classified
Anatomical features
 Theoretical evolutionary relationships –
genetics


Common Problems:
Some organisms don’t fit neatly into
defined groups
 Ex: ratfish


Solution:
Assigning superlevels – creates higher
divisions
 Assigning sublevels – creates lower
divisions (subphyla)

Classification systems
7

Six-Kingdom system:
 Kingdom
Eubacteria
 Kingdom Archaebacteria
 Kingdom Protista
 Kingdom Fungi
 Kingdom Plantae
 Kingdom Animalia

Three-Domain System
 Domain
Archaea
 Domain Bacteria
 Domain Eukarya
Prokaryotes
8


Important primary producers in
the ocean
Characteristics of Prokaryotes
 Structurally
simple
 Lack chromosomes or a nucleus
(only have DNA or RNA)
 No mitochondria or chloroplasts
 Believed to be the oldest types
of organisms
Archaea & Bacteria
9


Includes Kingdoms Archaebacteria & Eubacteria
Most Archaebacteria are extremophiles
(live in mostly inhospitable environments)
 Volcanic sulfur pools
 Hydrothermal vents

Phylum Cyanophyta (Cyanophytes)
 Eubacteria
 Evolution
of photosynthesis
 Nitrogen fixation
 Pigments contribute to the color of other organisms
Eukaryotes (Eukarya)
10

Includes Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, & Animalia
 Single-celled
to multi-cellular
 Cell specialization
Protists
11
The Kingdom Protista is made up of seven phyla:
 Chlorophyta – green algae
 Rhodophyta – red algae
 Phaeophyta – brown algae
 Dinophyta – dinoflagellates
 Bacillariophyta – diatoms
 Euglenophyta
 Chrystophyta
Plants & Animals
12

Not many plant species can
survive in the ocean
 Can’t

cope with salinity
Marine animal groupings:
 Invertebrates
 Vertebrates
Animals
13

Invertebrates
 Sponges
 Cnidarians
 Marine
worms
 Mollusks
 Arthropods
 Echonoderms

Chordates (vertebrates)
 Reptiles,
fish, birds, and mammals
 No amphibian species in the ocean.
Quiz
14
1.
What are the three reasons for classification?
2.
What are the six kingdom names?
3.
How many phyla are in the kingdom protista?
Video Notes: The Kingdom of Animals
15
1.

Copy down the
outline, leaving
space for your
notes.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Introduction (2)
Kingdom of Protists (2)
Sponges (2)
Stinging Animals (3)
Spiny-skinned animals (2)
Worms (4)
Mollusks (2)
Arthropods (2)
Chordates (6)