Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Genealogical DNA test wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Koinophilia wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
1992 Illinois JETS TEAMS State Biology Test 1. If a cell's pool of ATP were temporarily depleted, the cell membrane would ________. 5. During strenuous exercise, lactic acid builds up in muscle when________. + A. not be able to transport Na out of the + cell and K into the cell + B. not be able to transport Na into the cell + and K out of the cell + + C. be able to transport Na and K as usual D. not be able to exchange molecules through gap junctions E. be able to exchange solutes through tight junctions A. insufficient oxygen is available to the tissue B. excess oxygen is available to the tissue C. all the available glucose has been metabolized D. all the available ATP has been hydrolyzed E. the rate of glycolysis is too high 6. A steroid hormone/receptor complex can stimulate transcription by __________. 2. The primary function of the electron transport chain is to _________. A. binding to the promotor of hormone responsive genes B. combining with a transcription factor and then binding to the enhancer of hormone responsive genes C. functioning as an allosteric effector of RNA polymerase D. directly binding to chromosomal palindromic hormone response elements E. stimulating the release of DNA from nucleosome particles A. establish a proton concentration and electric gradient across the inner membrane of the mitochondria B. complete the final steps of glycolysis C. complete the final steps of the beta oxidation of fatty acids + D. oxidize NAD E. reduce NADH 3. Eukaryotic mRNAs differ from prokaryotic mRNAs by virtue of being capped. This cap is derived from ______ and functions to ______ . A. B. C. D. E. 7. The cellular machinery responsible for the processing of proteins to be secreted from a cell is _______. polyA; facilitate chain termination GTP; stabilize the message GTP; initiate binding to the ribosome polyA; initiation translation ATP; provide the energy for translation A. B. C. D. E. 4. Oxygen is used directly during ____________. 8. A. B. C. D. E. fermentation Kreb's cycle pentose shunt electron transport glycolysis the mitochondria the central vacuole the lysosome the coated pit the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus A mutation that causes myosin heavy chain isoform found in insect flight muscle to polymerize improperly will be ________. A. 1 recessive 1992 Illinois JETS TEAMS State Biology Test B. C. D. E. 9. 13. 14. centrioles cilia flagellum intermediate filaments spindles B. C. D. E. 15. C4 plants are better adapted to hot and dry conditions than C3 plants because ______. A. B. C. D. they lack the Calvin-Benson cycle they are more energy efficient than C3 plants they require less water for photosynthesis the ultrastructure of their carotenoids NADH ATP enzymes CO2 In 1883, Engelmann performed an important experiment which gave important insights about photosynthesis. In this experiment, Engelmann placed a filament of the algae Spirogyra in a film of water under a coverslip. The water contained oxygen-requiring bacteria. He then shone a light through a prism just above the slide. As a consequence, different regions of the filament of algae were illuminated by different wavelengths of light. Given your knowledge of photosynthesis, you predict the outcome of this experiment. A. B. 2 Corn Wheat The garden pea Rice A pine tree Of the following substances, ______ is not required for the light independent reactions of photosynthesis. A. B. C. D. E. complementary light gathering systems independent light gathering systems characteristic of C3 and C4 plants, respectively present in different populations of chloroplasts present in different places within the organelle chloroplasts resists dessication their photosynthetic machinery is adapted to continue to operate under conditions when 02 concentrations are higher relative to CO2 concentrations in the leaf's air space _________ is an example of a C4 plant. A. B. C. D. E. Photosystems I and II are ______. A. 12. translocation cytoplasmic streaming diffusion facilitated transport macromolecular motors Which one of the following has the least in common with the other members of the list? A. B. C. D. E. 11. E. Macromolecules move down axons by ________. A. B. C. D. E. 10. lethal infertile dominant paralytic The bacteria died as a consequence of insufficient oxygen being produced. The bacteria clustered around the 1992 Illinois JETS TEAMS State Biology Test C. D. E. 16. B. C. D. E. 20. 21. 22. B. C. D. E. 23. autosomal dominant autosomal recessive polygenic rarely expressed in females sex-linked dominant The genetic code is degenerate. This means that _____. A. 3 mutation nondisjunction X chromosome inactivation translocation a chromosomal inversion Cystic fibrosis is a human genetic trait that is _________. A. B. C. D. E. the level of sex-linked gene products are equalized in males and females extra chromosomes produced by non-disjunction are eliminated one allele can be dominant to another sex is determined drugs are metabolized by the body 100% must know the man's genotype must know the woman's genotype 50% 25% The XXY syndrome, often called Klinefelter's syndrome, is the result of _____. A. B. C. D. E. they were visible under the microscope they occurred in pairs they segregated from one another they were located on chromosomes the recessive phenotype reappeared in the F2 unchanged from its original appearance polygenic inheritance epistasis nondisjunction mutation X-chromosome inactivation If a woman who is color-blind (sex-linked, recessive) marries a man with normal color vision, what percentage of their sons will be color-blind? A. B. C. D. E. energy phosphate groups carbon atoms H atoms and electrons ADP Dosage compensation is a mechanism whereby ________. A. The pattern of black and orange patches of coat color seen on tortoiseshell cats is a visible example of ________. A. B. C. D. E. Mendel concluded that genetic factors were physical units because __________. A. 18. 19. The NADPH produced when light is absorbed in the chloroplast serves, in the synthesis of carbohydrate, as a source of _______. A. B. C. D. E. 17. portion of the algae illuminated by the band of green light. The bacteria clustered around the portions of the algae illuminated by the red and blue bands of light. The bacteria clustered evenly along the filament of algae. The bacteria remained dispersed throughout the film of water. often there is more than one codon 1992 Illinois JETS TEAMS State Biology Test B. C. D. E. 24. C. D. E. Chargaff analyzed the base composition of DNA isolated from a variety of organisms. He found that the percent of pyrimidines and the percent of purines was 50%. Further he found that the frequency of adenine and thymine were the same and that the frequency of guanine and cytosine were the same in each sample. But the frequency of adenine was not necessarily the same as that of guanine in each sample. These observations rule out which of the following hypotheses about DNA structure? A. B. C. D. E. 25. A. B. for an amino acid each codon can be recognized by acyl-tRNAs charged with different amino acids the coding assignments are different for different organisms the code is unstable and is responsible for mutations it has changed over the course of evolution 26. DNA is a homopolymeric molecule DNA is single stranded DNA is double stranded The two strands of DNA are parallel The two strands of DNA are anti-parallel The genetic code is ________. Hershey and Chase allowed bacteriophage to grow on bacteria that 35 had been reared in the presence of S 32 and P. [Remember that protein contains sulfur and nucleic acid contains phosphorous.] The progeny bacteriophage were then allowed to infect bacteria that had been grown on normal media. After an incubation time sufficient for the bacteriophage to infect their hosts, the "ghosts" were sheared off the surface of the bacteria. When the "ghosts" were separated from the bacteria by 35 centrifugation, the S was found with the "ghosts" but not the bacteria. Conversely, 32 the P was found with the bacteria but not the "ghosts". Based upon these and related results, Hershey and Chase drew the following conclusion. A. B. 4 universal different in eukaryotes and prokaryotes the same for most organisms, but is slightly different for some mitochondria the same for most organisms, but is very different for mitochondria and chloroplasts the same for all mitochondria The "ghosts" contained no protein. Protein is the genetic material. 1992 Illinois JETS TEAMS State Biology Test C. D. E. 27. D. E. Bacterial membranes are impermeable to protein. Bacterial membranes are impermeable to nucleic acids. Nucleic acid is the genetic material. 30. Photoperiodism is controlled in large part by ___________. A. B. C. D. E. Pruning of fruit trees results in growth of new limbs as a consequence of ________. A. B. C. D. E. gibberillins abscisic acid auxins phytochromes cytokinins 31. B. C. D. E. Recently, genetic engineering has produced tomato plants that are unable to synthesize ethylene. These plants are expected to ________. A. B. C. D. E. 29. 32. die under arid conditions be infertile and produce no fruit be infertile and produce no flowers be fertile and produce fruit that doesn't ripen be fertile and produce fruit that ripens rapidly B. C. D. A. B. C. angiosperms mosses gymnosperms E. 5 differences in solute concentration between the source and sink active transport of water from the xylem to the phloem capillary action root pressure transpiration of water Plant growth often responds to environmental factors. These responses are called tropisms. Thigmotropism results when ______. A. Plants alternate between haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes. In _______, the gametophyte is much larger than the sporophyte. establishing new apical dominance releasing cytokinins wound healing stimulation of cork cambium altered photoperiodism The pressure in the phloem that causes substances to move from the source to the sink is created by ______. A. 28. horsetails ferns light strikes a seedling from the side and the stem bends toward the light a side of a stem touches a surface like a fence post and the side making contact slows growth while the opposite side of the stem continues to grow a sprouted seedling is turned on its side and the stem slowly bends to result in upright growth again a sprouted seedling is turned on its side and the roots slowly bend to grow downward again the leaves of the sensitive briar fold 1992 Illinois JETS TEAMS State Biology Test prokaryotic. in response to touch 33. A. B. C. D. 34. 37. Glial cells, an important component of the neural tissues, function to _________. reflect ultraviolet radiation A. transmit nerve impulses B. provide many life support services to neurons C. sense the external environment D. stimulate muscle cells E. be precursors to neurons aquatic dicots monocots advanced primitive 39. body fluids digestive tract subcutaneously the lymph nodes exclusively the nervous system For humans, color vision is most acute for objects directly in front of our eyes because ____________. A. the lens focuses light on the center of the retina B. rods are scattered throughout the retina C. cones are most concentrated in the periphery of the retina D. cones are densely packed in a funnel shaped depression in the center of the retina E. rods and cones are both densely packed together in the center of the retina The receptor cells for hearing are ___________. A. B. C. D. E. Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia 38. The humeral immune system defends against bacteria and viruses in ______. A. B. C. D. E. 36. be aesthetically pleasing be cryptic and protect the flower from herbivory guide pollinators to nectaries and/or anthers warn herbivores of potential danger E. Gametophytes probably evolved in water. This is reflected by the fact that plants that require at least a film of water for fertilization to occur are ___________. A. B. C. D. E. 35. A. B. C. D. E. The color patterns of large, conspicuous flowers function to _________. chemoreceptors mechanoreceptors thermoreceptors photoreceptors osmoregulatory receptors 40. Of the five kingdoms of biological classifications only the ______ are Stimulation of heartbeat is initiated by _______. A. 6 sinoatrial node 1992 Illinois JETS TEAMS State Biology Test B. C. D. E. 41. A. B. C. D. E. Of the following, ________ is NOT a mechanism normally involved in morphogenesis. A. B. C. D. E. 42. natural habitats, this would be evidence of _______________. parasympathetic nerves sympathetic nerves atrioventricular node efferent somatic nerves 45. somatic mutation cell division cell migration programmed cell death changes in cell size and cell shape The age-class diagram of a stable population will have ______________. A. B. The following are derived from the same embryonic germ layer. C. A. B. C. D. E. 43. fingernails and appendix sympathetic nerve and skeletal muscle erythrocytes and lung eye lens and spinal cord pancreas and testis D. E. The striking differences in male and female phenotypes of some species of birds with males having extravagant colors and plumage are the result of ________. A. B. C. D. E. 46. 47. 44. Many plant species have large ranges over which slightly different morphologies will be found. If different geographic isolates of such a plant were transplanted to a common garden where they continued to show the differences in morphology seen when they were in their common gene pool common morphology common evolutionary future common prey common habitat The increasing rate of man-induced extinctions is of greatest concern because ___________. A. B. 7 more post-reproductive age individuals than pre-reproductive age individuals more reproductive age individuals than any other class similar proportions of pre-reproductive, reproductive, and post-reproductive age individuals very few reproductive age individuals very few pre-reproductive age individuals Members of a species must share a __________. A. B. C. D. E. sex-linked inheritance sex-limited inheritance sexual selection resource partitioning Batesian mimicry ecotypic adaptation genetic polymorphism environmental plasticity allelopathy their being cryptic species extinctions rarely occur in the natural world the remaining species may be released from population control by 1992 Illinois JETS TEAMS State Biology Test C. D. E. 48. D. E. genetic divergence extinction of related species Lamarkian adaptations to novel environmental conditions directional selection gaps in the fossil record Increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will produce a "greenhouse effect" because _____________. A. B. C. D. E. 50. A. B. C. D. E. Classification of extant organisms reveal an hierarchy of shared characteristics. Discontinuities in this hierarchy are most likely the result of ____________. A. B. C. 49. explanation of how _____________. a critical predator and overpopulate their habitat previously unsuspected mutualistic interactions may be disrupted resulting in the crash of an entire ecosystem biodiversity is being reduced a new species will evolve to fill the vacated niche it will promote the growth of plants it will deplete the ozone layer it allows visible light to reach the earth's surface but impedes the escape of infrared wavelengths it allows infrared wavelengths to reach the earth's surface but impedes the escape of visible light it has a high heat capacity Darwin's theory of natural selection is an 8 evolutionary change occurs species are formed new phenotypes arise species partition resources fossils are formed 1992 Illinois JETS TEAMS State Biology Test TEAMS TEST - STATE - KEY 1. B 21. B 41. A 2. A 22. B 42. D 3. B 23. A 43. C 4. D 24. A 44. A 5. A 25. C 45. C 6. D 26. E 46. A 7. E 27. D 47. C 8. D 28. D 48. B 9. E 29. B 49. C 10. D 30. A 11. A 31. A 12. E 32. B 13. A 33. C 14. A 34.E 15. C 35. A 16. D 36. B 17. E 37. A 18. A 38. B 19. E 39. D 20. A 40. A 50. A 9