Download B6 Quick revision questions

B6 Revision Questions
Higher only questions are in bold
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Question 1 .... of 50
• What is the size of a bacterium compared to a
plant or animal cell?
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Answer 1 .... of 50
• A bacterium is about 10 times smaller ( a few micrometres)
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Question 2 .... of 50
• List the uses of bacteria
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Answer 2 .... of 50
• Yoghurt
• Cheese
• Fermenters to make many useful substances
eg insulin
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Question 3 .... of 50
• What are the four different shapes of
bacteria?
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Answer 3 .... of 50
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Rod shaped
Curved rod
Spherical
spiral
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Question 4 .... of 50
• How do bacteria reproduce?
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Answer 4 .... of 50
• Asexual reproduction called binary fission
where the bacterium splits into 2
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Question 5 .... of 50
• Some bacteria are producers, how do they
feed?
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Answer 5 .... of 50
• Some bacteria that are producers use light
energy for photosynthesis, others use
chemicals such as hydrogen sulphide or
ammonia to make their own food.
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Question 6 .... of 50
What is aseptic technique?
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Answer 6 .... of 50
• When handling bacteria:
• Wear disposable gloves
• Wash hands before and after working with
bacteria
• Disinfect work areas
• Sterilise equipment before and after use
• Replace all lids on containers
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Question 7 .... of 50
• What problems are caused by the rapid
reproduction of bacteria?
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Answer 7 .... of 50
• Food spoilage
• Inside the body, diseases such as food
poisoning, cholera, whooping cough, typhoid,
tetanus
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Question 8 .... of 50
• What is the use of a flagellum, cell wall and
DNA in a bacterium?
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Answer 8 .... of 50
flagellum – allows bacterium to move
cell wall – keeps the shape and prevents
bursting
DNA – controls activities and replication of the
bacterium
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Question 9 .... of 50
• Which kingdom is yeast included in?
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Answer ....
9 of 50
• fungus
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Question 10 .... of 50
• How is yeast similar to but different from a
plant cell?
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Answer 10 .... of 50
• Yeast has a cell wall and a vacuole but is
different because it has no chloroplasts
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Question 11 .... of 50
• How does yeast reproduce?
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Answer 11 .... of 50
• Yeast reproduces asexually by budding
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Question 12 .... of 50
• What is a virus made up of?
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Answer 12 .... of 50
• Viruses are made up of a protein coat
containing a strand of genetic material
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Question 13 .... of 50
• What are the optimum conditions for the
growth of yeast?
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Answer 13 .... of 50
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Food source
Optimum pH
Optimum temperature
Removal of waste products
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Question 14 .... of 50
• What happens to the rate of growth in yeast
when the temperature rises by 10°C?
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Answer 14 .... of 50
• The rate of reaction would double until the
optimum temperature when enzymes would
begin to denature and the yeast would die
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Question 15 .... of 50
• How do viruses reproduce?
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Answer 15 .... of 50
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Viruses reproduce inside cells:
Virus attaches to the cell
Virus injects genetic material into the cell
Viral DNA enters the nucleus
mRNA is made which travels to the ribosomes
to build proteins
• The host cell dies and splits open releasing
many viruses
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Question 16 .... of 50
• What is the name for a harmful
microorganism?
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Answer 16 .... of 50
• A pathogen
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Question 17 .... of 50
• Give an example of a disease caused by a
bacterium, virus and fungus
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Answer 17 .... of 50
• Bacterium – cholera, food poisoning
• Virus – flu, chickenpox
• Fungus – athlete’s foot
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Question 18 .... of 50
• What are the stages in an illness?
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Answer 18 .... of 50
• Pathogen enters the body
• Incubation period – pathogen numbers
increase
• Pathogen makes harmful toxins
• Symptoms appear, fever, high temperature
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Question 19 .... of 50
• How are diseases spread?
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Answer 19 .... of 50
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Contact eg sexually transmitted diseases
Droplet infection – sneezing etc eg flu
Contaminated water eg cholera
Contaminated food eg food poisoning
(salmonella)
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Question 20 .... of 50
• What is an epidemic and a pandemic?
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Answer 20 .... of 50
• Epidemic – out break of a disease within a
population
• Pandemic – a disease that spreads across the
world
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Question 26 .... of 50
what is the problem of overuse of antibiotics?
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Answer 26 .... of 50
• Bacteria have become resistant to diseases
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Question 27 .... of 50
• What did Louis Pasteur discover?
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Answer 27 .... of 50
• ‘germ theory of disease’, bacteria in the air
make food decay
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Question 28 .... of 50
• What did Lister discover?
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Answer 28 .... of 50
• Antiseptics killed microorganisms in infected
wounds
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Question 29 .... of 50
• What did Fleming discover?
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Answer 29 .... of 50
• Antibiotics. He found that penicillin killed
bacteria
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Question 30 .... of 50
• How does resistance arise in bacteria?
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Answer 30 .... of 50
• Mutations give some an advantage
• Bacteria pass DNA to other bacteria passing
on resistance
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Question 31 .... of 50
• How can resistance in bacteria be slowed
down?
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Answer 31 .... of 50
• Only prescribe antibiotics when needed
• Complete the whole course of antibiotics
• Hand hygiene etc between patients in hospital
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Question 32 .... of 50
• What are the uses of bacteria?
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Answer 32 .... of 50
• Yoghurt, silage, cheese, vinegar, compost
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Question 33 .... of 50
• What is fermentation?
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Answer 33 .... of 50
• When yeast respires anaerobically to form
ethanol and carbon dioxide
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Question 34 .... of 50
• What are the stages in yoghurt production?
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Answer 34 .... of 50
• Pasteurise milk at 95°C
Add bacterial culture and incubate at 46°C
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Question 35 .... of 50
• How are spirits made?
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Answer 35 .... of 50
• by distillation
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Question 36 .... of 50
• How are different flavoured wines made and
why do they contain different amounts of
alcohol?
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Answer 36 .... of 50
• Using different strains of yeast that have
different tolerances to alcohol
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Question 37 .... of 50
• What is a biofuel?
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Answer 37 .... of 50
Fuel made from a organic material eg biogas and
wood
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Question 38 .... of 50
• What is biogas?
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Answer 38 .... of 50
A mixture of gases usually 60% methane and
40% carbon dioxide with traces of hydrogen,
nitrogen and hydrogen sulphide
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Question 39 .... of 50
• what is the best temperature for biogas
production?
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Answer 39 .... of 50
• 45°C
• Above this temperature enzymes denature
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Question 40 .... of 50
• What is biogas used for?
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Answer 40 .... of 50
• To make enzymes used in respiration and
photosynthesis
• So they don’t have discoloured leaves and
poor fruit/flower growth
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Question 41 .... of 50
• Why do plants need phosphates?
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Answer 41 .... of 50
• To generate electricity
• To produce hot water and steam
• As a fuel for vehicles
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Question 42 .... of 50
• What are the advantages of biofuels?
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Answer 42 .... of 50
• Recycles carbon dioxide used by plants
• No particulates are formed
• Alternative to fossil fuels
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Question 43 .... of 50
• What are the disadvantages of biogas?
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Answer 43 .... of 50
• May use large areas of land that could be used
for food production
• Destroys natural habitats and reduces
diversity
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Question 44 .... of 50
• What is soil made up of?
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Answer 44 .... of 50
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Mineral particles
Living organisms
Decaying remains of organisms
Air
Water
Dissolved minerals
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Question 45 .... of 50
• Why do plants grow in soil?
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Answer 45 .... of 50
• Absorb water
• Absorb minerals
• anchorage
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Question 46 .... of 50
• What are the advantages/disadvantages of
sandy soil?
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Answer 46 .... of 50
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Large particles so drains well
Big air spaces
Minerals may leach away
Soil dries out quickly
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Question 47 .... of 50
• What are the advantages/disadvantages of a
clay soil?
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Answer 47 .... of 50
• Small particles mineral rich
• Easily water logged
• Little air
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Question 48 .... of 50
• What is a loam soil?
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Answer 48 .... of 50
• Contains clay and sand
• Large amounts of humus that retain water,
add minerals and create air spaces
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Question 49 .... of 50
• How can soils be improved?
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Answer 49 .... of 50
• Add sand to clay to improve drainage
• Add humus to sandy soils to retain water
• Aerate the soil by adding sand, humus and
ploughing to allow oxygen for roots and
animals
• Add lime to acid soils to neutralise them
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Question 50 .... of 50
• How do earthworms improve soil structure?
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Answer 50 .... of 50
• Burrows aerate the soil and allow drainage
• Burrows mix the soil layers
• Moving organic materials from the surface
into the soil forms humus
• Adds chalk from its digestive gland to
neutralise soil
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