Download The two major areas of the ocean floor are the and the

Name:___________________________________________ Per: _________________ Teacher:______________________
Reading Guide: 20.2 Features on the Ocean Floor
The two major areas of the ocean floor are the _________________________ and the _______________________________.
1. Continental Margins
Diagram the features of the continental margin (fig. 20-6)
a. continental margin =
b. continental shelf =
c. continental slope =
d. What V shaped feature may be found on the continental
margins? ___________________
They are associated with __________________ and
___________________.
e. The sediment at the base of the continental slope that
form a raised wedge is called the
____________________________.
Name
Slope (steep/gentle)
Continental Shelf
Continental Slope
2. Deep Ocean Basin
a. trenches =
Water depth (deep/shallow)
The deepest trench in the world called the _____________________. How deep is it?
Trenches are associated with _________________________, _____________________ and _____________________.
c. mid-ocean ridges =
b. abyssal plains =
How are they formed?
An example of a mid-ocean ridge:
Abyssal plains have a (high/low) gradient.
Diagram the ocean floor (fig. 20-5). Label all of the features.
3. Matching
1. made up of the continental shelf, slope and rise. ______
2. most are located along the Pacific Ring of Fire. ______
3. has a rift, where magma escapes to reach the sea floor. ______
4. coverage of about one half of the deep ocean basin. ______
5. Provide the richest fishing grounds in the world. ______
6. may have trenches, abyssal plains, mid-ocean ridges and sea mounts. _____
7. example of an above sea level mid-ocean ridge. _____
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a. deep ocean basin
b. abyssal plains
c. continental shelves
d. trenches
e. continental margin
f. mid-ocean ridge
g. Iceland
Name:___________________________________________ Per: _________________ Teacher:______________________
Reading Guide: 2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet
1a Students know how the differences and similarities among the sun, the terrestrial planets, and the gas planets may have been established
during the formation of the solar system
1. The presence of which three things make the earth a unique planet within our Solar system?
a. _______________________________ b._____________________________
c.________________________________
2a. Describe the true shape of the earth:
2b. What happens at the poles vs. the equator?
3. Hydrosphere & Atmosphere components:
List the % composition of the total water on the earth _______% Ocean water _______% Fresh water______%
List the percent of each gas in the atmosphere: ______% Nitrogen
4. Zones of the earth & their characteristics:
Name
Solid/ Liquid Description/ unusual characteristics
or Both
a. Crust
_____ % Oxygen
Name the Other Gases:
Name the Two Parts:
1)
2)
1)
2)
1)
2)
b. Mantle
c. Core
Use “athenosphere” OR “lithosphere” appropriately in the spaces below.
a. made of the solid rigid parts of the upper mantle and crust _______________________
b. made of flowing material under great heat and pressure ______________________
c. is a solid with the ability to flow (i.e., it has plasticity) ______________________
5. What do seismic waves tell us about the materials of the earth’s interior?
Use the text and fig. 2-3 p25 to fill in the table below about the types of seismic waves:
Wave type names
Travel through solids, liquids, or gases ?
a. P-waves =
b. S-waves =
6. Moho =
Speed of travel ?
Cannot penetrate the liquid outer core?
What happens to the speed of P & S waves at this
region?
What does this indicate?
7. Why do you think that P and S waves travel faster in more rigid materials?
9. Gravity =
9b. Law of Gravity
On the earth, mass of an object is (greater than / less
than, the same) compared to the moon.
On the earth, weight of an object is (greater than /
b. weight =
less than, the same) compared to the moon
11a. What happens to gravity and the weight of an object as you travel from the Core of the earth, to the surface, out
into space?
10a. mass =
b. Do you weigh less on a mountain or at sea level?
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Why?
Name:___________________________________________ Per: _________________ Teacher:______________________
Reading Guide: 2.2 Movements of the Earth
5a Students know how differential heating of Earth results in circulation patterns in the atmosphere and oceans that globally distribute the heat.
5b Students know the relationship between the rotation of Earth & the circular motions of ocean currents and air in pressure centers.
6c Students know how Earth’s climate has changed over time, corresponding to changes in Earth’s geography, atmospheric composition, and other
factors, such as solar radiation and plate movement.
1a. Rotation of the earth:
Rotation diagram:
Revolution diagram:
1b. Revolution of the earth:
1 rotation of the earth =
day(s)
1 revolution of the earth =
day(s)
2. Tilt of the earth’s axis is equal to _______ degrees from the perpendicular to the plane of its orbit.
Does the direction of the axis change as the earth revolves around the sun?__________. What star does the axis always point
toward? ________________ Does the North Pole always tilt toward the sun? ____________
3. Season
4. What feature about the earth causes the seasons on the earth?
Complete the table on the major seasonal events:
Event
Dates
Tilt of No.
Relative
(Northern
Pole
hours of
Hesmishpere)
daylight
North Pole
Most in the
Summer
Solstice= Start June 21-22
tilts toward No.
of Summer
Sun
Hemisphere
Winter
Solstice =
5. Explain why it is summer in Australia (southern hemisphere)
when it is winter in California (northern hemisphere):
Show & label all on 1 diagram. See fig. 2-9, p 32
Autumnal
Equinox =
Spring
Equinox=
6. What causes the time zones?
How many time zones are there around the globe? ______ How many hours separate each time zone? ______
What is the International date line?
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Name:___________________________________________ Per: _________________ Teacher:______________________
Reading Guide: 4.1 Continental Drift
3a. features of the ocean floor (magnetic patterns, age, and sea floor topography) provide evidence for plate tectonics.
1c. evidence from geological studies of the Earth and other planets that the early Earth was very different from today.
1. Continental Drift
a. continental drift =
Proposed by _______________________ in the year _____________.
b. Pangaea =
2. Evidence for Continental Drift
a. shape of continents =
Examples:
b. fossils =
c. geologic evidence =
d. climate patterns=
e. Why did many scientists reject Wegener’s ideas of continental drift?
f. Did Wegener ever find an explanation of what caused the continents to move?
3. Sea Floor Spreading
a. How much time passed between Wegener’s death and the finding of the conclusive evidence needed to support his
hypothesis?
b. Mid-Atlantic Ridge =
c. The ocean floor is very (young/old) compared to the age of continental rocks.
d. What was Harry Hess’ hypothesis?
e. Robert Dietz named the movement of the ocean floor _______________________.
4. Paleomagnetism
a. What is the magnetic orientation of minerals when rocks harden?
b. What did scientists begin finding in the beginning of the nineteenth century in regard to magnetic declination?
c. How did studying paleomagnetism affect Hess’ ideas? Explain.
Diagram a rift zone with alternating bands of magnetism (fig. 4-3).
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Name:___________________________________________ Per: _________________ Teacher:______________________
Reading Guide: 4.2 Plate Tectonics
3b. The principal structures that form at the 3 different kinds of plate boundaries.
11k. Recognize the cumulative nature of scientific evidence.
1. Plate Tectonics
a. plate tectonics:
b. The earth’s crust is made of ______________________
plates and _______________________ plates.
c. Lithosphere:
d. Asthenosphere:
e. The continents and oceans are carried along as passengers
on moving ______________________ plates.
f. Approximately how many lithospheric plates have been
identified?
2. Lithospheric Plate Boundaries
Where can plate boundaries be found?
1.
2.
3.
The 3 types are:
A.
B.
C.
Examples:
A. Divergent Plate Boundaries:
Diagram a “divergent plate boundary” (Fig4-5; top)
Rift Valley:
What is happening at the Red Sea?
B. Convergent Plate Boundaries:
List and describe the 3 different types of convergent plate
boundaries. (What type of crust is involved?)
1.
What is a subduction zone?
2.
3.
Deep Ocean trench?
Draw and label a “convergent plate boundary” Figure 4-5; bottom) What is produced at each of the following convergent plate
boundaries?
Ocean-Continent:
Continent-Continent:
Ocean-Ocean:
C. Transform Boundaries:
Draw and label a “transform plate boundary” (Fig. 4-6)
Do the plates move by each other smoothly at this type of
boundary?
Give an example of where a transform plate boundary exists.
3. Causes of Plate Motion
a. What causes plate motion?
Diagram convection currents at a Mid-Ocean Ridge. (Fig. 4-7)
b. What is convection?
c. Where does convection occur within the Earth?
4. What are terranes? What is the “Theory of Suspect Terranes?”
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Name:___________________________________________ Per: _________________ Teacher:______________________
Conclusion Questions-OCEAN PROFILE LAB
1. How deep below the surface is the outer edge of the continental shelf?
2. How wide is the continental shelf at Cape May?_____________________________
3. How wide is the continental shelf at Cape Roca?_____________________________
4. About how many times wider is the continental shelf at Cape May than the shelf at Cape
Roca?________________________________________________________
5. Good fishing is generally associated with the continental shelves. What is your hypothesis
as to why the fishing is good in these areas?
6. Is there a difference in the continental margin between the Cape May & the Cape Roca?
7. How does the slope of the continental shelf compare to the slope of the continental rise
at Cape May?_______________________________________________________
8. How far below the surface is the top of the seamount?_________(meters)
9. What is the total height of Braciosa Island from the abyssal plain?_______(meters)
If you were a submarine navigator, what obstacles that you would have to know about?
Color and Label All FEATURES
OCEAN FLOOR DYNAMICS
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Name:___________________________________________ Per: _________________ Teacher:______________________
Video Guide: Living Machine & Birth of a Theory
Living Machine (Part 1):
1. The earth’s rigid outer shell is broken into huge moving ______________.
2. ________ ___________ are like pages in a book.
3. ___________ ____________ is the Father of Geology.
4. Radioactive dating suggests a world that is _____ ___________ years old.
Birth of a Theory (Part 2):
5. In 1912 _____________________ proposed his theory of continental drift.
6. He observed similar coastlines between the _______________ and ___________ _________________ continents.
7. This idea (was / was not) accepted.
8. Gondwana originally consisted of ____________, Antartica, South America, and _________.
9. These southern hemisphere continents shared similar __________ fossils, ______________ zones, _______________
zones, ___________ bed zones.
10. Areas of ancient _______________ matched between Africa and South America.
11. Wegener suggested that the continents were once ______________ and then ______________ apart to their current
location.
12. Scientists working in the ________________ hemisphere had trouble catching on to his hypothesis.
13. The biggest problem scientists had with his hypothesis was the ________________ that caused the continents to drift.
14. Wegener’s explanation for how the continents moved was based on _________________ force.
Living Machine (Part 3 and 4):
15. Wegener’s bold leap was to reconstruct a world where the _______________ fit together.
16. The single giant continent is called _______________.
17. Rocks from the ocean floor were found to be no older than _____ ___________ years.
18. Harry Hess proposed an idea called _______________ ________________.
19. When lava cools it acts like a _________________.
20. The earth’s magnetic field switched to the ____________ almost a million years ago.
21. Analysis of rock and marine fossils brought to the surface shows that the sea floor grows ___________ the farther away
it is from the ridge.
22. Sea floor cracks are evidence that the plates are ____________ _____________.
23. The outer shell of the globe is called the _____________________.
24. When India crashed into Asia the ____________________ Mountains were built.
25. California’s __________________________ fault is among the most studied in the world.
26. In 15 million years, Los Angeles will be a suburb of ____________________.
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Name:___________________________________________ Per: _________________ Teacher:______________________
Movement of the Continents
Describe:
Describe:
Describe:
Describe:
Adapted form the geography coloring book by Wynn Kapit
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