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Rhyzo-Link® solutions are for innovative producers seeking greater nutrient utilization, elevated coping
mechanisms, and a higher level of plant productivity without the degenerative effects on soil health typically
promoted by conventional fertilizers. This “Bio-Charged” fertilizer with included plant growth promoting
rhizobacteria (PGPR) promotes an environment more conducive to plant growth, as well as to provide improved
tolerance to biotic and abiotic plant interactions which occur throughout the growing season. Rhyzo-Link®
solutions are a proprietary convergence of a high quality fertilizer with a pure culture, poly-microbial component
while ensuring a wide range of plant benefits which directly affect many physiological cycles and processes.
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WHAT IS Rhyzo-Link®?
Rhyzo-Link® solutions are the next generation in plant fertility, combining a high quality NPK fertilizer with a pure culture, poly-microbial
component (PGPR) for use in a wide range of environmental conditions and cropping systems. This “Bio-Charged” fertility solution is
designed to provide greater nutrient utilization and efficiency via increased plant biomass, as well as better adaptability to biotic and
abiotic factors which occur through numerous physical, chemical, and environmental interactions. Rhyzo-Link® solutions provide a
buffering or moderating “link” between soil health/ chemistry and plant productivity through efficient balance, placement, and recovery
of soil/plant nutrients.
WHAT IS PowerBlend™?
PowerBlend™ is a patented Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) which is unique
to the marketplace. It is a pure culture, multi-strain, poly-microbial solution formulated to
enhance fertilizer solutions. It has the natural ability to improve nutrient utilization which helps
the plant to better tolerate biotic and abiotic interactions. This is done through the production
and ultimate release of secondary metabolites (i.e. enzymes, lipopeptides, biosurfactants, etc.)
into the rhizosphere which then impact plant processes such as nutrient availability, root hair
proliferation, and systemic mechanisms, just to name a few. Once applied to the rhizosphere
and/or phyllosphere and absorbed by the plant, it helps to promote a healthy plant with a more pronounced root system, and ultimately
helps to improve crop yield and productivity. PowerBlend™, when incorporated into fertilizer solutions, truly becomes an easy to use
“Bio-Charged” fertility package.
SOIL RHIZOSPHERE DEFINED
NACHURS Rhyzo-Link® is designed to build a healthy
soil rhizosphere which can support increased plant
growth and productivity. The rhizosphere is the
narrow region of soil that is directly influenced by root
secretions and associated soil microorganisms (see
Figure 1.).
Figure 1. Source: The Rhizosphere - Roots, Soil and Everything In Between, David H. McNear Jr.
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The rhizosphere contains many bacteria that feed
on sloughed-off plant cells, and the proteins and
sugars released by roots (root exudates). Protozoa
and nematodes that graze on bacteria are also more
abundant in the rhizosphere. Much of the nutrient
cycling needed by plants occurs immediately adjacent
to roots.
PLANT/RHIZOSPHERE INTERACTIONS
Due to many factors, the rhizosphere is a desirable environment for the growth and proliferation of many organisms (beneficial and
deleterious) which have both positive and negative effects on plant growth and development. These beneficial organisms include symbiotic
bacteria (rhizobium ssp.), mychorrhizal fungi, and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) just to name a few (see Figure 2.).
Plants have naturally evolved as a survival mechanism to change root morphology as environmental conditions change. This is done
by altering the composition of root exudates, which changes the chemical environment of the rhizosphere and also acts as a signal
compound to beneficial microorganisms.
Figure 2.
Root exudates include secretions which are actively released from the root, diffusates which are passively released due to an osmotic
gradient, and lysates from cortical/epidermal cells in the root (see Table 1.). These root exudates include a wide variety of amino
acids, sugars, organic acids, proteins, etc., which are then utilized by microorganisms as a food source. In turn, these beneficial
microorganisms release metabolites which are used by the plant to further growth and development. In short, NACHURS Rhyzo-Link®
solutions help to provide an environmental balance between soil and plant by “linking” cycles and processes that occur in the soil and
plant together.
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Table 1. Organic compounds and enzymes identified in root exudates of different plant speciesa
Amino
acids
Organic
acids
Sugars
Vitamins
Purines/nucleosides
Enzymes
Inorganic ions and
gaseous molecules
α-alanine
β-alanine
asparagine
aspartate
cystein
cystine
glutamate
glycine
isoleucine
leucine
lysine
methionine
serine
threonine
proline
valine
tryptophan
ornithine
histidine
arginine
homoserine
phenylalanine
γ -Aminobutyric acid
α-Aminoadipic acid
citric
oxalic
malic
fumaric
succinic
acetic
butyric
valeric
glycolic
piscidic
formic
aconitic
lactic
pyruvic
glutaric
malonic
aldonic
erythronic
tetronic
glucose
fructose
galactose
maltose
ribose
xylose
rhamnose
arabinose
raffinose
desoxyribose
oligosaccharides
biotin
thiamin
niacin
pantothenate
rhiboflavin
adenine
guanine
cytidine
uridine
acid/alkalinephosphatase
invertase
amylase
protease
HCO3 −
OH−
H+
CO2
H2
a Compiled from West (1939), Fries and Forsman (1951), Rovira and Harris (1961), Vancura (1964), Vancura and Hovadik (1965), Boutler
et al. (1966), Rovira (1969), Gardner et al. (1983), Lipton et al. (1987), Fox and Comerford (1990), Ae et al. (1990), Ohwaki and Hirata
(1992), Hoffland et al. (1992) and Gagnon and Ibrahim (1998). The root exudates of plants studied include Bison and Novelty flax, barley,
wheat, oat, cucumber, tomato, red pepper, turnip cabbage, pea, soybean, chickpea, peanut, lupin, alfalfa, slash pine, pigeon pea and rape.
intense colonization of the rhizosphere can itself lead
to stiff competition between microbes and the plant for
HOW DO PGPR’s
WORK?
nutrient
resources.
In addition to serving as chemotactic signals and
growth promoters
of rhizosphere
bacteria
(Table 2),
Similar to fermentation,
where microbes
assimilate
sugars
root exudates also control the N nutrition of symbiotic
and exude alcohols,
our unique
blend of PGPR’s
transform
legumes.
These nodulating
plants routinely
use flavonmolecules
root exudates
to induce
transcription
sugars and otheroid
nutrients
intoinuseful
metabolites.
These
of nodulation (nod) genes in rhizobia, leading to
include:
nodule formation and N2 fixation. The compounds involved are typically flavonoid in nature, although roles
for betaines (Phillips et al., 1992) and aldonic acids
• Phytocompounds
(Gagnon and Ibrahim, 1998) have also been reported
• Siderophores
(Table 3). The flavonoid nod gene inducers are either
• Lipopeptides
exuded directly by roots of N2 -fixing legumes (Phillips,Antagonists
1992) or by root border cells present in exudates
• Microbial
(Zhu et al., 1998). It has been shown that root exudates
• Enzymes
of legumes growing in an extremely acidic medium
• Systemic
Triggers
cause
reduced induction of nod genes (Richardson et
• Chitinases
These metabolites immediately go to work in the soil to
enhance nutrient uptake, lateral root growth, root hair
proliferation, biotic and abiotic functionality, and systemic
mechanisms within the plant, just to name a few. When the
sporulated bacteria are placed in an environment which
is conducive to growth, they come out of their “protective
shell” and rapidly expand in number and begin producing
these metabolites.
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al., 1988), clearly indicating that the quality of root
exudate determines the level of nod gene transcription.
In fact, legumes which are inhibited in the biosynthesis and exudation
of phenolic nod-gene inducers,
Enzymes
exhibit reduced nodulation and N2 fixation for their
N nutrition (Phillips et al., 1994). However, because
high soil N inhibits nodulation and N2 fixation, and
Phytocompounds of certain nutrients stimulate the
low concentrations
biosynthesis of isoflavone nod gene inducers in symbiotic legumes (Dakora and Phillips, 1996), low-nutrient
soils would seem to be the ideal for stimulating N2 fixation
and increased N nutrition in nodulated legumes.
Antagonists
Whatever the case,Sustainable
root exudates
contain
the signals
Plant
Growth
for transcription of nod genes in symbiotic rhizobia,
and therefore control the extent of legume dependence
on N2 fixation for its N nutrition.
LipopeptiesAn important consideration is the persistenceNutrient/Water
of
Use
Bio-Surfactants
these signals in soil. Depending on their stability, Efficiency
the
activity of individual molecules could be short-lived
MULTIPLE
Modes-Of-Action
Performance
Soil Health
Siderophores
Chitinases
Systemic
Mechanisms
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The initial deployment form of the PGPR is a bacterial endospore. The endospore is
a survival mechanism employed gram positive bacteria, including those contained in
PowerBlend™. The spore can be considered a defensive structure enabling the bacteria to
survive under conditions too harsh for survival of the vegetative cell, which include:
Figure 3.
•
•
•
•
•
Starvation
High temperature
pH extremes
Salt environments
Toxic chemicals
16 oz/ac of Pathway PowerBlend™ with grower standard
Once these bacterial endospores “germinate”, they
begin normal multiplication and colonization of
the rhizosphere (see Figure 3.). This gives rise to
increased root and shoot growth, lateral root and root
hair development, increased leaf surface area and
chlorophyll content, and higher plant productivity.
SPECIFIC ROLES OF METABOLITES
As stated previously, PGPR’s assimilate root exudates into
beneficial metabolites which are used in a variety of plant and/or
soil processes, resulting in increased plant productivity.
PHOSPHATE UTILIZATION ENZYMES
• Phytase – Involved in the mineralization of organic P
contained in plant residue.
• Phosphatase – Involved in the solubilization of inorganic P
which is not available to the plant.
ANTAGONISTS AND LYTIC ENZYMES
• Lipopeptides (Surfactin) – Produced as a result of
increased levels of plant signaling compounds in response
to systemic mechanisms.
Untreated
Treated
Treated
Untreated
• Chitinase – Involved in the destruction of chitin (through
hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds), which is the chief structural
component of fungal and nematode cell walls.
• Protease – Involved in protein catabolism (contained
in pathogen cell walls) through the hydrolysis of peptide
bonds, thus leaving individual monomer units (amino
acids).
ANTIOXIDATIVE ENZYMES
• Catalase – Iron containing enzyme that decomposes
harmful hydrogen peroxide molecules into water and oxygen
during stressed conditions. It has one of the highest
turnover rates for all enzymes; one molecule of catalase
can convert 6 million molecules of hydrogen peroxide to
water and oxygen per minute.
PAGE 4
• Peroxidases – A family of enzymes that play an essential
role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS)
thereby providing protection against cell damage and/or
destruction during periods of plant stress caused by biotic
or abiotic factors.
OTHERS
• Siderophores – Small, high affinity, iron chelating
compounds produced by microorganisms.
• Nitrogenases – A long chain of enzymatic events
and processes involved in nitrogen fixation into nonleguminous plants.
• ACC deaminase – Prevents ethylene levels from becoming
growth inhibitory during plant stress.
• Amylase – Involved in the assimilation of starch into
sugar, especially during seed germination.
PURE CULTURE, MULTI-STRAIN, POLY-MICROBIAL SCIENCE
Rhyzo-Link® is formulated with PowerBlend™, which utilizes the latest advancements in microbial technology and pure culture science
to provide enhanced plant nutrient uptake and availability via the production of rooting and meristematic compounds, antioxidants,
enzymes, biosurfactants, lipopeptides, etc. and the stimulation of systemic mechanisms.
Note: Strains are not limited to the specific functions listed. Pathway products are formulated with diverse PGPR and microbial active
ingredients providing redundancy for each reaction in the rhizosphere. This bio-redundancy insures desired in-soil reactions are
performed and metabolic pathways within the plant are optimized under varying environmental conditions.
Bacillus subtilis
• Superior enzyme production; Increases nutrient availability/nutrient solubilization.
• Breaks down organic matter creating macro-aggregates; Lipopeptide production.
Bacillus methylotrophicus
• Produces siderophores that naturally chelate iron; Solubilize phosphate.
• Converts atmospheric nitrogen into plant usable form; Nutrient retention.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
• Siderophore and phytocompound production; Biosurfactan production; Nutrient retention;
Increasing rooting and mineral uptake.
• Biosurfactan production; Nutrient retention;Increased rooting; Lipopeptide production.
Bacillus megaterium
• Increases root growth, root exudates, and nutrient uptake; Increased enzyme production;
Triggers systemic mechanisms.
Bacillus lichenformis
• Increased rooting and leaf surface area.
WHAT THIS MEANS FOR THE END-USER
With the plant signaling mechanism (triggered by environmental
conditions) via the release of root exudates, to the ultimate
production of beneficial plant metabolites by PGPR, soil and plant
processes are “linked” together to result in increased growth and
yield by the following actions:
PAGE 5
• Improved seedling vigor and stand establishment
• Improved handling of biotic and abiotic interactions
• Improved nutrient uptake and efficiency
• Improved soil health and water use efficiency
• Improved adaptive and coping mechanisms
• Improved flowering and fruit quality
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AVAILABLE PRODUCTS:
Rhyzo-Link® Technology, left. Check, right.
Rhyzo-Link® Technology, left. Check, right.
Rhyzo-Link® 9-15-3
9-15-3-1S-.25Zn
Rhyzo-Link® 3-10-13
3-10-13-1S-.1Zn
Rhyzo-Link® 0-0-15-5S
0-0-15-5S
Rhyzo-Link® LF
Rhyzo-Link® SI
Rhyzo-Link Technology, left. Check, right.
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Rhyzo-Link Technology, left. Check, right.
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SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS WHEN COMBINED WITH Bio-K®
There is a direct correlation in the amount of energy produced in
a plant to the rate of photosynthesis and therefore to the amount
of carbon which is assimilated by the plant. Plants transfer and
release 20-30% of their assimilated photosynthate in the form
or root exudates, which act as signaling compounds as well as
a food source for microorganisms. The acetate molecule is also
a precursor and structural component of sterols, phenolic acids,
terpenes, and polyketides, which are all metabolites produced
by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Bio-K® helps build
rather than degrade soil structure/chemistry, thus helping to
provide a suitable environment for the growth and colonization of
microorganisms in the plant rhizosphere.
Potassium is essential for
the growth and development
of all plants. It increases
water use efficiency, helps
cells maintain turgor
pressure, aids in enzymatic actions, and affects the speed of
almost all plant biological systems. In summary, potassium
makes a plant operate and function more efficiently. Farmers
who choose Rhyzo-Link® solutions will also be utilizing the latest
in potassium technology called Bio-K®, which is very important
in the functionality of the PGPR contained
fertilizer solution. Bio-K® is a combination
of an inorganic salt reacted with an organic
acid to form a potassium acetate fertilizer.
What makes Bio-K® unique is its organicbased carrier (anion), the acetate molecule.
As discussed previously, plants naturally
release exudates from roots, which contain
a large percentage of organic acids, one of
which is acetic acid. Acetate is a natural
plant metabolite that has many important
roles and functions within the plant. It
Rhyzo-Link® Technology, left.
drives the TCA cycle, which is at the core
In-furrow treatment only, right.
of energy production (ATP) in the plant.
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In addition to the soil benefits provided
by Bio-K®, nutrients are more rapidly and
readily taken up by plants, which in turn
leads to increased potassium use efficiency
and higher plant productivity. Rhyzo-Link®
and Bio-K®, when linked together, provide
farmers with a truly unique fertility solution,
formed on the basis of nutrient stewardship
and efficiency, resulting in increased plant
productivity and return on investment.
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© 2017. NACHURS ALPINE SOLUTIONS. All rights reserved. “
“PowerBlend™” is a trademark of Pathway Biologic, LLC.
”, “NACHURS”, “Bio-K®”, and “Rhyzo-Link®” are trademarks of NACHURS ALPINE SOLUTIONS.