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Chapter 6 Reading Guide
Air-Sea Interaction
Surface currents in the oceans are a direct result of
.
Solar energy heats the
and creates
, which in turn, drive most of the
.
Periodic extremes of atmospheric weather,
, are related
to
.
In the 1980s, studies confirmed that Earth’s average temperature
. Global warming may be due to
.
6.1 What Causes Earth’s Seasons?
The tilt of
(not its
) causes the Earth to have
.
Label the Diagram
In the Northern Hemisphere, the longest day occurs on the
about June
, and the shortest day on the
,
, about December
.
6.2 How Does Uneven Solar heating Affect Earth?
The Earth is spherical so the amount and intensity of solar radiation
.

Sunlight strikes low latitudes (near the equator) at a
, so the
. Sunlight strikes high
1
latitudes (near the poles) at a
, so the
.

Earth’s atmosphere absorbs some radiation, so
(near the poles) than at
(near the equator) because sunlight
(near the poles).
Draw a diagram showing the uneven heating described above.
Look at Figure 6.2
Describe the albedo.
Why do high latitudes have a high albedo?
How does the angle at which the sunlight strikes the ocean determine how much is absorbed or
reflected?
.
The polar regions are always considerably colder than the equatorial zone,
.
Circulation in
.
6.3 What Physical Properties Does the Atmosphere Possess?
Composition - 78%
, 21%
,
% other gasses.
Temperature - The lowermost portion of the atmosphere is called the
where all
and this is
.
Within the troposphere, temperature
.
Density - Warm air is
. Don’t read the rest of
, so it
this: heat does not rise. Warm air rises.
Cool air is
, so it
.
Read about Figure 6.5 and be certain that you can explain what is happening.
2
A convection cell forms, composed of
fashion.
Water Vapor Content - Warm air can hold
water vapor than
The addition of water vapor (to warm air)
the
air.
because
. Thus humid air (with water vapor) is
.
Pressure - Atmospheric pressure is about
pounds per square inch at sea level and
.
Atmospheric pressure depends on

.
A column of cool, dense air causes
. Sinking air tends
to

because of compression.
A column of warm, less dense air causes
. Rising air tends to
because of expansion.
Movement - Air ALWAYS moves from
. This moving air is called
.
6.4 How Does the Coriolis Effect Influence Moving Objects?
The Coriolis effect causes
.
In the Northern Hemisphere
.
In the Southern Hemisphere
.
The direction right and left are the
.
The Coriolis effect is a result of the Earth’s rotation
.
In reality, objects travel along
.
6.5 What Global Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Exist?
Use Figure 6.10 to draw the wind belts of the world. Table 6.4 may help. Label latitudes 0 o, 30o,
3
and 60o. Label doldrums, horse latitudes, and polar front and show if these areas are high of low
pressure. Draw arrows and label the wind belts.
This circulation model is idealized and does not always match the complexities on nature. This is
because the tilt of the Earth’s rotational axis,
.
The lower heat capacity of
.
The uneven distribution
.
6.6 What Weather and Climate Patterns Does the Ocean exhibit?
How is weather different from climate?
.
Air always moves from
toward
movement is called
. As the air moves
modifies its direction.
In the Northern Hemisphere, describe the flow of air around a high pressure.
and that
In the Northern Hemisphere, describe the flow of air around a low pressure.
4
Sea and Land Breezes
Storms are
.
Air masses are
.
A warm front is
.
A cold front is
.
Hurricanes
Category
Wind Speed
(MPH)
Storm Surge
(FT)
Damage
6.7 How Do Sea Ice and Icebergs Form?
Sea ice is frozen
.
Icebergs originate by breaking off (
) from
Shelf ice is the thick floating sheet of ice at the edge of a
.
.
6.8 What Causes the Atmosphere’s Greenhouse Effect?
5
The greenhouse effect keeps Earth’s surface and lower atmosphere
.
The three main greenhouse gases are
which occurs naturally.
which comes from the combustion of fossil fuel
Which comes from domestic cattle and rice agriculture.
Name four things that can happen because of global warming.
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