Download Cell Cycle/Protein Synthesis Unit 1 Study Guide

Name: _________________________________________________ Test date: _________________ Per: ________
Cell Cycle/Protein Synthesis Unit 1 Study Guide
Always remember to use your notes/lectures first, then book, then other sources to help you find the
right answers. Be as thorough and specific as possible—there is a direct correlation between your
effort/complete answers and how well you perform on tests! You are responsible for learning the
material.
1) What happens during each of the three parts of interphase?
2)
What is mitosis? Why do cells go through mitosis?
3)
Describe the four stages of mitosis.
Prophase –
Metaphase –
Anaphase –
Telophase –
4) What happens during Cytokinesis?
5) Mitosis starts after
and ends before
6. Meiosis produces cells with how many chromosomes in humans?
7. What type of cells are haploid cells?
8. Two similar chromosomes that you inherit from your parents (one from your mother, one from your
father) are called what? How many pairs of these chromosomes do humans have?
9. What happens to sister chromatids in meiosis II?
10. What does meiosis produce?
Name: _________________________________________________ Test date: _________________ Per: ________
11. In what phase of meiosis are sister chromatids separated?
12. What are polar bodies and which cell division type produces them?
13. Which gender produces polar bodies? Why?
14. The genome of a goldfish contains 96 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell
have after meiosis is complete?
15. Which diagram represents
mitosis?
16. Which diagram represents
meiosis?
17. Which letter in meiosis shows
sister chromatids separating?
18. What process produces somatic cells?
19. What processes produces sex cells?
33. What does diploid mean?
34. What does haploid mean?
In what stages of mitosis are these onion cells
in?
A:
How can you tell?
B:
How can you tell?
C:
How can you tell?
D:
How can you tell?
35. How are mitosis and meiosis different? Name as many ways as you can come up with.
36. How are mitosis and meiosis the same? Name as many ways as you can come up with.
37. What is crossing over? What is the benefit of crossing over?
38. During what type of cell division does crossing over occur?
39. Describe non-disjunction.
40. Homologous chromosomes are an important part of meiosis. Describe what is meant by the term
homologous chromosomes.
41. What are homologous chromosome pairs and autosomes? How do you find out the total homologous
pairs or autosomes when given species chromosome # (Use “Name that species activity” and notes for
reference)?
42. What happens during transcription?
43. What happens during translation?
44. What is the purpose of protein synthesis?
45. What is central dogma?
46. Fill in the diagram to the above
47. In addition to knowing all the parts of the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis you will be responsible for
defining the following vocabulary: Interphase, identical daughter
cells, zygote, homologous chromosomes, crossing over, diploid, haploid, genetic recombination,
oogenesis, chromosome, chromatid, tetrad, gametes, polar bodies, sexual reproduction, asexual
reproduction, centromere, karyotype, non-disjunction,
REVIEW: Protein synthesis: Use your notes, Ch. 8.4 and 8.5 to help you answer the following:
1. Which process happens first--transcription or translation? Why?
2. List and describe ALL the stages of transcription and translation (INCLUDE labeled diagrams):
3. Write the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following DNA
strand: GTAGTCA.
4. What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?
5. Figure 8.2 on the next page shows a single strand of DNA. Write the first three nucleotides of the
complementary RNA strand.
6. Describe translation.
7. What is the main function of tRNA?
8. How many amino acids are coded for by the strand of mRNA shown below? Assume the reading frame
begins with the first nucleotide.
CGAUAC
9. What are the three main differences between DNA and RNA?
Using the following DNA sequence, what are the amino acids that would be in this protein?
TACGCGGCTGTGAAA
10. What process is shown to right (Ch. 8)?
11. Label all of the numbered parts on the figure 8.3 to the right:
12. What is the end result of this process in fig. 8.3 to the right?