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Forms of Energy
Chapter F3
Kinetic and Potential Energy
#1 (F62)
• ___________ is the ability to cause changes in matter
• _________, which is a form of energy, can change solid ice
into liquid
• There are two basic kind of energy-the energy of
__________ and the energy of ____________
• Any matter in motion has _________ energy and the
amount of kinetic energy an object has can ___________
quickly
• _________ energy is the energy an object has because of
where it is or because of its condition
• Once movement of an object happens, ___________ is
often changed to ____________ energy
Kinetic and Potential Energy
#2 (F63)
• This change if energy form between kinetic and potential is
called ______________ of energy
• Although energy is often changed from one form to another, the
total ___________ of energy doesn’t change
• Energy cannot be _____________ or ______________ and this is the
law of the ______________ of energy
• Using the pictures of the pole vaulter on F62-63, describe three
times the form of energy changes
• In the case of the tennis ball bouncing, energy is not destroyed
at any point, but with each bounce some of the ball’s energy
was lost as _________ and ________
• The heat caused by the _________ of the ball hitting the
floor _________ the air and the floor slightly
• Eventually, the results of bouncing turned all of the ball’s
energy into other ________
Kinetic Forms of Energy (F64)
• The kinetic energy that objects have is also called
____________ energy and is just one form of kinetic
energy
• _________ energy is another form of kinetic where the
movement of molecules of matter produces heat
• ___________ energy, also a form of kinetic, is caused
by the movement of electrons and produces shocks
as well as the picture and sound on a television
• ___________ energy from the picture moves to your
eyes in waves and ____________ energy is received by
your ears through vibrations produced by the
television
Potential and Chemical Forms
of Energy (F64)
• Elastic potential energy is the energy __________ in
compression springs, stretched rubber bands, and bent
vaulting poles-all materials that can be forced into a
shape that’s different from its natural shape
• Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object has
when its in an _____________ or a stored position
• Plants absorb ________ energy and store it as chemical
energy in the food they make
• When a runner starts to run, chemical energy stored in his
__________ is changed into _________ and ___________
energy
Electric Charges (F68)
• Electric energy runs many forms of ____________ and is the
energy that produces ___________
• Electric energy is produced by the movement of
___________
• Within an atom, electrons have a __________ charge and
protons and a _________ charge and most objects have an
________ number of protons and electrons
• But, when an object gains or loses electrons due to an
attraction to ____________ in another object, it has an
__________ charge
• An object that has gained ___________ has a negative
charge and an object that has lost electrons has a
____________ charge
• Losing electrons can lead to an object’s attracting of
electrons to replace the lost electrons and the attraction
can be felt as a ________ or even a spark
Electric Force #1 (F69)
• Most objects have no _________ because they have about
the same number of protons and electrons
• If an object has a charge, it attracts objects with the
____________ charge
• Similar to magnetic force, ________ charges attract each
other, and _______ charges repel each other
• This attraction or repulsion is called ___________ __________
and like gravitational force it depends on the ____________
of the objects
• Two charged objects produce a larger electric force
when they are __________ together
Electric Force #2 (F69)
• Charged objects have ___________ electric energy, and
can also be called static electricity because the electrons
are not _____________
• When charged objects are close to each other, potential
energy can become ___________ energy
• If the charges on the objects are the ___________, the
objects repel each other and if the charges are
___________, the objects attract each other
• If the objects touch or come very close to each other,
__________ may flow from one object to another
• Electrons flow from ____________ charged objects to
______________ charged objects
• The flow of electrons is called __________ ____________
• Once the charge have moved and are ____________,
there is no electric force remaining
Electric Circuits #1(F70)
• A _________ is used in the wire that makes an electric
circuits
• An electric circuit is any path along which ________ can
flow
• ________ and _________ are often used as conductors
• Metals are good conductors of electric current because
their atoms don’t hold ________ tightly and this allows
electrons to move along from one _______ to the next
• An electric current flows through good conductors with
little ___________
• The conductor in a circuit is wrapped with a material
called an ___________, which is a material that does not
carry ___________
Electric Circuits #2 (F70)
• Rubber, _________, glass and ______ are good insulators because
they _______ the flow of electrons through them
• Insulation keeps wires from toughing each other and completing
an _______ ________ before the electrons can reach a device; if
this does happen it is called a _________ circuit
• Some materials do not completely stop the flow of electrons, but
may _________ the flow of electrons in some way and are called
resistors
• Materials that resist electric current are important because
they allow electric energy to be __________ into other forms
• The filament in a light bulb resists the flow of electrons and
produces ________. When it gets hot enough it ________
• Electrons flowing in an electric circuit can produce heat,
________, sound, or __________ and these are all needed to
electric devices
Magnets & Electricity (F72)
• ________ are used to generate, or produce, electricity
• Electric currents produce a ___________ field around them
• Why will a compass placed next to a wire carrying an electric
current point to the wire?
• A current-carrying wire wrapped in a coil of more _______
makes a strong magnet
• A coil of current-conducting wire wrapped around an
_______ bar makes an even stronger magnet
• Around the coil is a magnetic field but it is only __________
when electric current flows through the coil and is called
an _____________
• The link between electricity and magnetism allows ______
to be produced from electric energy
• An electric motor uses electromagnets and by changing
the _________ of the electric current back and forth, these
electromagnets alternately _______ and ________each
other. This causes the motor to turn
Light Energy (F76)
• Light rays are a form of ________ that can travel
through empty space or through some kinds of
________
• Sometimes light energy is ________ when it strikes
matter and colors that bounce off objects as a
_________ are the colors we see
• Objects of a single color absorb all of the colors and
_________ only the color of the object
• When light passes through a glass window the speed
it travels _________ down and this change in speed of
traveling light causes light rays to ________
• The bending of light rays is called __________
Lenses (F77)
• A lens is a piece of clear material that _________
or refracts, light rays passing through it
• A _________ lens is thicker in the middle than at
the edges and the rays bend toward each other
thus making nearby objects appear __________
• A __________ lens is thicker around the edges
than in the middle and the rays bend away from
each other thus making nearby objects appear
____________
Light Waves (F78)
• Light energy moves as waves called ____________
waves
• Electromagnetic waves are produced when
vibrating _________ inside atoms give off __________
• Other types of electromagnetic waves are ________
waves, ___________, ____________ rays, and ____ rays
• Electromagnetic waves move fastest when there is
no _________ to slow them down, such as in space
• Within the range of visible light waves are different
wave patterns that humans sense as different
__________ of light
• We sense long wave patterns as __________, and
short wave patterns as _________
Sound Waves (F79)
• Sound also moves as ________ and are carried by ___________
matter
• Sound waves can travel through _______, ___________ and
_________
• As sound waves travel through matter, ___________ in the matter
move back and forth in the direction the sound wave is moving
• As the sound moves forward, the molecules are squeezed
together and this is called a ____________
• After the compression passes, pressure on the molecules
____________ and this is called rarefaction
• If a sound is continuous, both ____________ and _____________ are
repeated over and over
• The ___________ with which sound waves move determines the
pitch of the sound; the faster the waves, the _________ the pitch
• The more the molecules are squeezed during compression, the
__________ the sound, or volume is
Sound Energy #1 (F80)
• Like ________ waves, sound waves are waves of
energy moving through ________, and like water
waves, sound waves move molecules _______
and ________ without carrying them along with
the wave
• Because sound waves are ___________ of
molecules, molecules must be present for sound
to ________
• Where there is no ________, such as in outer
space, sound cannot travel
• The sounds we hear travel mostly as vibrations of
_______ molecules in the air around us
Sound Energy #2 (F80)
• When sound waves move through ________ materials, such
as liquids and solids, they move faster than they do
through air
• Denser objects also carry sound energy __________ than
less dense objects do
• Not all solids carry sound vibrations, and those that do are
called sound __________
• Materials that do not carry sound vibrations are called
sound ____________
• Materials with a lot of air spaces in them, such as fabrics
and plastic foam, are good sound ____________
Thermal Energy #1 (F84)
• Kinetic energy is present in the movement of
__________
• In most types of matter, molecules _________
constantly and this kinetic energy of molecules is
_________ energy
• The average kinetic energy of all the molecules of an
object is the object’s _____________
• The ____________ the molecules move, the higher the
temperature
• The amount of thermal energy depends upon the
number of ____________ present (think of a pot and a
cup of boiling water)
Thermal Energy #2 (F84)
• When rapidly moving molecules bump into
slowly moving molecules, they ____________
some of their thermal energy to the slower
molecules
• The transfer of thermal energy from one
substance to another is called __________
• Heat always flows from the __________ substance
to the __________ substance
• Heat can also change the __________ of a
substance, making a solid _________ or a liquid
____________
Transferring Thermal Energy #1 (F85)
• Thermal energy can be transferred, or
_________, between objects in three ways:
__________, ___________, and ___________
• Conduction is the __________ transfer of
heat between objects that _______ (think
of a pot on a stove/burner)
• Materials that conduct heat easily are
called ___________ (such as metals) and
materials that do not conduct heat well
are called ___________ (such as air)
Transferring Thermal Energy #2 (F85)
• Convection is heat transfer as a result of the mixing of
a __________ or a ________ and often involves the
rising of hot water, then cooling and ________ then
reheating and rising again
• Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy by
____________ waves
• Energy from the _______ is transferred to Earth by
these waves
• Conduction and convection can transfer heat
through ________, but only _________ can transfer
heat through ___________
Chemical Energy #1 (F86)
• Chemical energy is the energy stored in the
bonds between _______ when they join together
to form _________
• Some chemical reactions give off or take in
__________ energy
• This thermal energy is stored as a form of
__________ energy called chemical energy
• Chemical energy can be released as ________
energy when molecules break apart
Chemical Energy #2 (F86)
• Chemical energy can be released as
several form of kinetic energy, such as
_________ energy or __________ energy
• The potential energy of foods is measured
in units called _________
• Chemical energy can also be released as
________ and ________ when wood and
other fuels are burned