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Poland
Introduction
Key Economic Facts
Poland is a country in Central Europe bordered by Belarus,
Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Russia, Slovakia, and
Ukraine. The geography of Poland is flat with mountains
along the southern border. The
government system is a republic; the chief
of state is the president, and the head of
government is the prime minister. Poland
has a mixed economic system which
includes a variety of private freedom, combined with
centralized economic planning and government regulation.
Poland is a member of the European Union (EU).
Income Level (by per capita
GNI):
Level of Development:
GDP, PPP (current international
$):
GDP growth (annual %):
GDP per capita, PPP (current
international $):
Manufacturing, value added (%
of GDP):
Current account balance (BoP,
current US$):
Inflation, consumer prices
(annual %):
Labor force, total:
Unemployment, total (% of
total labor force) (modeled ILO
estimate):
Imports of goods and services
(current US$):
Exports of goods and services
(current US$):
Location:
Capital City:
Chief of State:
Head of Govt.:
Currency:
Major Languages:
Eastern Europe
Warsaw (+1 GMT)
President Andrzej Duda
Prime Minister Beata Szydlo
Zlotych (PLN)
Polish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%,
other 1.1%, unspecified 1.3%
Primary Religions: Catholic 87.2%, Orthodox 1.3%,
Protestant 0.4%, other 0.4% (includes
Jehovah's Witness, Buddhist, Hare
Krishna, Gaudiya Vaishnavism,
Muslim, Jewish, Mormon), unspecified
10.8%
Calling Code: 48
Voltage: 230
Key Websites
Main Government Page: premier.gov.pl
Export Promotion Agency: trade.gov.pl
Investment Promotion paih.gov.pl
Agency:
Risk Assessment (Provided by Coface)
High Income
Developed
$1,020.40 billion (2015)
3.94% (2015)
$26,862.27 (2015)
19.69% (2015)
-$2.93 billion (2015)
-0.61% (2016)
18,322,217 (2016)
6.18% (2016)
$221.62 billion (2015)
$236.39 billion (2015)
GDP Composition %
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
34
20
Services
63
3
*Although Manufacturing is included in the Industry figures, it is also separately
reported because it plays a critical role in economy.
Rankings
Index
Corruption Perceptions Index
EY Globalization Index
Global Competitiveness Index
Global Enabling Trade Index
Global Manufacturing Competitiveness Index
(GMCI)
Global Services Location Index
Index of Economic Freedom
International Logistics Performance Index (LPI)
Inward FDI Potential Index
KOF Index of Globalization
Networked Readiness Index (NRI)
Open Budget Index
Rank
29 / 176
27 / 60
36 / 138
31 / 136
15 / 40
10 / 55
45 / 180
33 / 160
43 / 139
23 / 187
42 / 139
21 / 102
Country rating: A3 - Changes in generally good but
somewhat volatile political and economic environment can
affect corporate payment behavior. A basically secure
business environment can nonetheless give rise to
occasional difficulties for companies. Corporate default
probability is quite acceptable on average.
Business Climate rating: A2 - The business environment
is good. When available, corporate financial information is
reliable. Debt collection is reasonably efficient. Institutions
generally perform efficiently. Intercompany transactions
usually run smoothly in the relatively stable environment
rated A2.
Strengths
• Market of 38 million inhabitants
• Proximity to West European markets
• Price competitiveness and qualified and inexpensive
labor
• Integrated into the German production chain
• Primary beneficiary of European structural funds
• Diversified economy (agriculture, various industries
and services)
• Resilient financial sector
• Coal resources
Weaknesses
• Insufficient investment/insufficient domestic savings
• Low levels of research and development
• Development in the eastern regions lagging behind
• Rigid labor market favoring the shadow economy
estimated at 23%
• High level of structural unemployment and low
employment rate for women
• Lack of competition
• Low birth rate
U.S. Embassy
Aleje Ujazdowskie 29/31
00-540 Warsaw Poland
American Embassy Warsaw,
US Department of State
Washington DC 20521
Tel.: +48-22/504-2000
http://poland.usembassy.gov/
Country Memo Provided by: globalEDGE.msu.edu and EXPORT.GOV