Download CHEMISTRY DICTIONARY

Vinnytsia National Pirogov Memorial Medical University
Biological and General Chemistry Department
Medical chemistry course
CHEMISTRY DICTIONARY
Vinnytsia 2010
1
Recommended by CMC of Vinnytsia National Medical University (protocol № 5 from 2.03.2011)
Authors:
Assistant Professor Smirnova O.V.
Assistant Professor Chervyak M.M.
Assist. Shunkov V.S.
Reviewer:
Azarov O.S.- Candidate of chemistry science, assistant professor
Department of Biological and General Chemistry VNMU
Marchak T.V.- Candidate of chemistry science, assistant professor
Department of Physiological Agriculture and Live Stock Breeding and
Chemistry VNAU
Shitova T.V. – Senior-lecturer
Department of Russian and Ukrainian languages
Head of English language courses VNMU
Printing group VNMU:
Text editor – Shunkov V.S.
Computer editor – Shunkov V.S.
Secretary Koroleva N.D.
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CHEMISTRY DICTIONARY
Alkanes
Name
Methane
Ethane
Formula
CH4
CH3 CH3
Propane
Butane
Name
Methyl
Ethyl
Propyl
CH3
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH2
CH3
CH
CH3
CH3 CH2
CH3 CH2 CH2
CH3
Isopropyl
CH3
Butyl
CH3
Secondary
butyl
CH3
Isobutyl
Isobutane
(2 – Methyl –
propane)
Radicals
Formula
CH
CH2
CH2
CH
CH
CH3
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
Tertiary butyl
C
CH3
CH3
Pentane
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH2 CH3
Pentyl
CH3
CH2
Secondary
pentyl
CH3
CH2
Isopentyl
Isopentane
(2 – Methylbutane)
CH3
CH2
CH
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH2
Tertiarypentyl
CH2
CH
CH
CH2
CH3
CH2
C
CH3
CH3
2,2 – dimethyl –
propane
CH3
C
CH3
CH3
Halogenoalkanes
Chloromethane
CH3Cl
Trichloromethane (chloroform)
CHCl3
C Cl4
Carbon tetrachloride
3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2
CH3
CH I 3
Triiodide (iodoform)
CH3
Chloroethane
CH3
Chloropropane
CH2
CH3
2 – Chloropropane
CH2
Cl
CH2
CH
Cl
CH3
Cl
CH3
Chlorobutane
CH2
CH3
2 – Chlorobutane
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH
Cl
Alkenes
Ethene
H2C
Propene
H2C CH
Butene –1
H2C CH
Butene – 2
H3C
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH CH
CH3
Pentene – 1
H2C CH
Pentene – 2
H3C CH2 CH
CH2
Arenes
(Benzene and its derivatives)
Benzene
Phenyl
CH3
Toluene
CH2
Benzyl
4
CH3
CH2
CH3
CH
CH3
CH3
Cl
CH3
Xylene:
o – xylene
(o – dimethylbenzene)
CH3
CH3
m – xylene
(m – dimethylbenzene)
CH3
CH3
p – xylene
(p – dimethylbenzene)
CH3
C2H5
Ethylbenzene
H3C
CH
CH3
Іsopropylbenzene (cumene)
CH
CH2
Sterol (vinyl benzene)
CH2 OH
Benzyl alcohol
C
Benzaldehyde
C
Benzoic acid
5
O
H
O
OH
O
C
OH
Paraoxybenzoic acid
OH
C
O
OH
Para–aminobenzoic acid
NH2
NH2
Aniline (aminobenzene)
NH2
Para–Methylaniline
CH3
CH2 NH2
Benzylamine
O
C
Salicylic acid
OH
O
C
Acetylsalicylic acid
OH
OH
O
C
O
OH
Phenol
OH
OH
Ortho–dioxybenzene (pirokatekhin )
6
CH3
OH
Meta–dioxybenzene (resorcin)
OH
OH
Para–dioxybenzene (hydroquinone)
OH
OH
Cresol:
ortho – cresol
(ortho – methylphenol)
CH3
OH
meta – cresol
(meta – methylphenol)
CH3
OH
para – cresol
(para – methylphenol )
CH3
OH
Para – nitrophenol
NO2
Alcohols (R–О– alkoxy group)
Methanol
Methoxy
Ethanol
CH3
CH2
OH
Ethoxy
CH3
CH2
O
CH3
CH3
CH3
Propanol
O
CH2
CH3
Isopropanol
OH
CH
OH
7
CH2
OH
CH3
CH3
Butanol
Secondary butanol
CH2
CH2
CH2
H3C
CH2
CH
HO
CH2
OH
CH CH3
Isobutanol
OH
CH3
CH3
OH
CH3
Tributanol
C
CH3
CH3
OH
Cyclohexanol
Vinyl alcohol
H2C CH
OH
Polyatomic alcohols
CH2
Ethylene glycol (ethandiol)
OH OH
CH2 CH
CH2
Glycerol (propantriol)
Xylitol
Sorbitol
CH2
CH2
OH
CH
OH
CH
OH
CH
CH2
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
CH2
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH2
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
Ester (ethers)
Dimethyl ether
CH3
O
CH3
Diethyl ether
(medical ether)
C2H5
O
C2H5
Phenyl ethyl ether
C6H5
O
C2H5
Amines
Metylamine
CH3
Ethylamine
CH3
Propylamine
CH3
8
NH2
CH2
CH2
NH2
CH2
NH2
CH3
Іsоpropylamine
(2 – аminоpropane)
CH
CH3
NH2
Butylamine
CH3
CH2
H3C
Secondary – butylamine
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH
NH2
CH3
NH2
Primary amine (metylamine)
CH3
Secondary –amine (dimetylamine)
NH2
CH3
NH
CH3
CH3
N
CH3
Tertiary amine (trimetylamine)
CH3
CH3
CH3
Quaternary basis
N
CH3
CH3
Biogenic amines
CH2
Calamine (ethanolamine)
N
Histamine
NH2
CH2
OH
CH2 CH2
NH2
N
H
CH2
Tryptamine
CH2
NH2
N
H
HO
CH2
Serotonin
OH
CH2
NH2
N
H
OH
Norepinephrine
HO CH CH2
OH
OH
NH2
Adrenaline
HO CH
9
CH2
NH
CH3
CH3
N
CH3
Choline
CH2
CH2
OH
CH3
CH3
Acetylcholine
CH3
N
CH3
CH2
Putrescine
CH2
NH2
CH2 CH2
Cadaverine
CH2
CH2
O
CH2
C
NH2
CH2 CH2
CH2
NH2
Thiols (mercaptans)
Methanethiol (mercaptomethane)
CH3
Еthanethiol
CH3
CH3
Dimethyl sulfide
SH
CH2
CH2
CH3
Іsopropanethiol
SH
CH2
CH
SH
S
CH3
SH
CH3
CH3
SH
Thiophenol
Aldehydes
Methanal (formaldehyde, formic)
H
C
Ethanal (acetaldehyde, acetic)
H3C
C
Trichloracetic aldehyde
Cl3 C
C
Propanal (propionic)
CH3
Butanal (oil)
CH3
Ketones
10
CH3
CH2
NH2
Propanethiol
O
CH2
CH2
O
H
O
H
O
H
C
CH2
O
H
C
O
H
CH3
C
CH3
CH3
O
C
C2H5
C6H5
O
C
C2H5
Acetone (dimethylketone)
Methylethylketone
Phenylethylketone (propiophenone)
O
Carbonic acid
Formate (methanoic, formic)
Acetate (ethanoic, acetic)
Propionate (propanoic)
Butyrate (butanoic, oil)
H C
H3C
Oxalate (sorrel)
Succinate (amber, butanedioic acid)
Glucarate (glutaric)
OH
O
C
OH
O
CH3 CH2 C
OH
O
CH3 CH2 CH2 C
OH
Dicarboxylic acids
O
Malonate (malonic)
O
HO
O
C
C
O
C
OH
CH3
O
C
OH
HO
O
O
C CH2 CH2 C
HO
OH
O
O
C CH2 CH2 CH2 C
HO
OH
Oxyacids
Lactate (milk,
2 – oxypropane)
CH3
CH
C
OH
β – Oxybutyrate
(β – hydroxybutyric,
3 – oxobutanoate)
CH3
O
Malate
(apple, 2 – oxybutanedioic)
HO
11
CH
CH2
O
OH
C
OH
C
CH2
CH
OH
C
O
OH
O
OH
OH
O
Citrate (lemon acid)
C
HO
CH2
C
CH2
O
C
O
Tartare (wine acid)
C
HO
C
OH
CH
CH
OH
OH
O
OH
O
C
OH
Oxoacids
CH3
Pyruvate (PA, pyruvic, 2 – oxopropane)
C
O
C
OH
O
CH3
Acetoacetate (3 – oxobutanoate)
O
Oxaloacetate (2 – oxobutandioic)
α – Ketoglutarate
(α – ketoglutaric,
2 – oxopentadioic)
HO
O
CH2
C
O
C
CH2
C
C
O
C
C
HO
C
CH2
CH2
O
OH
O
OH
C
O
Unsaturated carboxylic acid
Acrylate
(acrylic, 2 – propenoic)
CH2
Crotonic (2 – butenoic)
CH3
C
CH
CH
O
OH
O
C
OH
CH
Anhydrides
Formic
Acetic
H
C
H
C
H3C
C
H3C
C
O
O
O
O
O
O
Halogenanhydrides
Methyl chloride
H
12
C
O
Cl
O
OH
Acetyl chloride
H3C
C
Benzoyl chloride
C6H5
C
O
Cl
O
Cl
Amides, nitriles
O
Acetamide
H3C
C
Benzamide
C6H5
C
NH2
O
NH2
Acetonitrile
H3C
C
N
Benzоnitrile
C6H5
C
N
Esther
O
Methyl formate (methyl methanoate)
H
C
Ethyl formate
H
C
Methyl acetate
H3C
C
Ethyl acetate
H3C
C
Methyl benzoate
C6H5
13
O CH3
CH2
C
O C2H5
O
O
O
CH3
O
O
C2H5
O
CH3
Lipids
Higher fatty acids
Palmitic
C15H31COOH
Stearic
С17H35COOH
Oleic
C17H33COOH
Linoleic
C17H31COOH
C
OH
H3C
O
C
OH
H3C
H3C
O
C
C
OH
O
OH
H3C
O
C
Linolenic
C17H29COOH
OH
CH3
C
Arachidonic
C19H31COOH
Oleic
C17H33COOH
O
O
OH
CH3
H3C
C
Triacylglycerides
(tristearine)
14
H2C
O
C
HC
O
C
H2C
O
C
O
C17H35
O
C17H35
O
C17H35
O
OH
H2C
Phosphatidic acid
Phosphoglyceride
(phosphatidylcholine)
O
O
C
C17H35
O
HC
O
C
H2C
O
PH
H2C
O
C
HC
O
C
H2C
O
P
C17H33
O
OH
O
C17H35
O
C17H33
O
OH
O
H2C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
N
Amino acids
Monoaminomonocarboxylic acid
CH2
Glycine (Gly)
O
C
OH
NH2
CH3
Alanine (Ala)
O
C
CH
OH
NH2
CH3
*
Valine (Val)
Leucine* (Leu)
CH3
CH
CH
CH3
NH2
CH
CH2
CH3
Isoleucine* (ile)
CH3
CH2
Monoaminodicarboxylic acid
15
C
CH
O
OH
C
NH2
CH
CH
CH3
NH2
C
O
OH
O
OH
O
Aspartic (Asp)
(aspartate)
HO
O
Glutamic acid (Glu)
C
CH2
C
H2N
O
Glutamine (Gln)
O
C
OH
CH2
CH
C
NH2
O
Asparagine (Asn)
CH
NH2
C
HO
CH2
CH
CH2
CH2
OH
O
C
OH
NH2
C
H2N
CH2
O
C
CH
O
NH2
OH
Diaminomonocarboxylic acid
H2N
Lysine*(Lys)
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH
C
NH2
Arginine (Arg)
NH2
C
NH
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH
C
NH2
NH
Oxyamino acid
*
Serine (Ser)
CH2
CH
OH
NH2
H3C
Threonine (Thr)
O
C
CH
CH
OH
NH2
OH
O
C
OH
Sulfur-containing amino acids
Cysteine (Cys)
Methionine*(Met)
H3C
S
CH2
CH
SH
NH2
CH2
O
C
CH2
OH
CH
C
NH2
Aromatic amino acids
CH2
*
Phenylalanine (Phe)
CH
NH2
16
C
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
Tyrosine (Tyr)
CH2
HO
CH
C
O
OH
NH2
Heterocyclic amino acids
CH2
Tryptophan*(Trp)
Histidine (His)
C
CH2 CH
O
C
OH
NH2
N
H
Proline (Pro)
OH
NH2
N
H
N
CH
O
N
H
O
C
OH
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
CH2OH
H
Glucose
O
H
OH
H
H
OH
OH
H
OH
CH2OH
O
H
OH
H
H
OH
OH
H
Galactose
H
OH
CH2OH
O
H
H
H
OH
OH
OH
OH
Mannose
HO CH2
H
O
H
Fructose
H
OH
OH
H
OH
17
H2C
H
OH
HO CH2
H
Ribose
OH
O
H
H
H
HO CH2
OH
OH
H
Deoxyribose
OH
O
H
H
H
HO CH2
OH
H
H
OH
Xylose
H
O
OH
H
H
CH2O
H
H
OH
Glucose - 6 phosphate
OH
PO3H2
O
OH
H
H
OH
H
OH
CH2OH
O
H
H
H
H
OH
OH
OH
H
NH2
Glucosamine
Disaccharides
CH2OH
H
Sucrose
H
OH
O
O
H
OH
H
OH
HO CH2
OH
CH2OH
OH
Lactose
H
OH
H2C
O
H
H
H
H
OH
CH2OH
O
H
O
H
H
OH
O
18
OH
H
H
OH
H
H
H
OH
H
OH
CH2OH
H
Maltose
H
OH
CH2OH
O
H
H
H
Cellobiose
O
H
OH
CH2OH
O
H
H
OH
OH
H
OH
CH2OH
O
H
H
OH
H
O
H
H
OH
Nitrogenous base
Pyrimidine line
O
NH
Uracil
N
H
O
O
H3C
Thymine
NH
O
N
H
NH2
N
Cytosine
N
H
O
Purine line
NH2
N
Adenine
N
N
O
N
H
HN
Guanine
H2N
19
OH
H
H
OH
H
H
O
OH
H
H
OH
N
N
N
H
OH