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19.1 Diversity of Protists KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms. TEKS 8B, 8C 19.1 Diversity of Protists TEKS 8B, 8C ! Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike. • Protists are eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi. 19.1 Diversity of Protists • Animal-like protists consume other organisms. – heterotrophs – single-celled TEKS 8B, 8C 19.1 Diversity of Protists TEKS 8B, 8C ! Animal-like protists move in various ways. • Animal-like protists are often called protozoa. macronucleus contractile vacuole food vacuole oral groove micronucleus cilia 19.1 Diversity of Protists • Protozoa with flagella are zooflagellates. – flagella help zooflagellates swim – more than 2000 zooflagellates TEKS 8B, 8C 19.1 Diversity of Protists • Some protists move with pseudopods. – change shape as they move – amoebas TEKS 8B, 8C 19.1 Diversity of Protists • Some protists move with pseudopods. – change shape as they move – amoebas – foraminifera TEKS 8B, 8C 19.1 Diversity of Protists TEKS 8B, 8C • Some protozoa move with cilia. – cilia help protists swim and capture food – more than 8000 ciliates macronucleus contractile vacuole food vacuole oral groove micronucleus cilia 19.1 Diversity of Protists TEKS 8B, 8C ! Some animal-like protists cause disease. • Protists cause some wellknown infectious diseases. • Malaria is caused by Plasmodium and spread by mosquitoes. • Sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma and spread by flies. • A giardia infection is caused by Giardia and spread through water. human liver sporozoites liver cells developed parasites red blood cells Malaria Infection 19.1 Diversity of Protists • Plantlike protists are photosynthetic. – single-celled, colonial, or multicellular – no roots, stems, or leaves TEKS 8B, 8C 19.1 Diversity of Protists TEKS 8B, 8C ! Plantlike protists can be single-celled or multicellular. • Photosynthetic plantlike protists are called algae. colony daughter colony 19.1 Diversity of Protists TEKS 8B, 8C • Euglenoids are a large group of plantlike protists. – mostly photosynthetic – some heterotrophic – single-celled – one or two flagellapellicle nucleus contractile vacuole flagellum chloroplast eye spot 19.1 Diversity of Protists • Dinoflagellates are mostly marine plantlike protists. – have two flagella – may be bioluminescent – have stiff protective plates – can cause red tide Dinoflagellates TEKS 8B, 8C 19.1 Diversity of Protists • Diatoms are plantlike protists with glasslike shells. – shells made of silica – produce large amounts of oxygen TEKS 8B, 8C 19.1 Diversity of Protists • Multicellular algae are classified by their pigments. – Green algae contain chlorophyll a and b. – Brown algae contain chlorophyll c. – Red algae contain chlorophyll a and phycoerythrin. TEKS 8B, 8C 19.1 Diversity of Protists • Funguslike protists decompose dead organisms. – heterotrophs – can move, whereas fungi cannot TEKS 8B, 8C 19.1 Diversity of Protists ! Protists are difficult to classify. • Protista is one kingdom in the domain Eukarya. TEKS 8B, 8C 19.1 Diversity of Protists • Protist classification will likely change. – Some protists are not closely related. – Molecular evidence supports reclassification. TEKS 8B, 8C