Download It`s Alive!!! Or is it???

It’s Alive!!! Or is it???
Book A, Chapter 1
Mrs. Armstrong
Chapter A1
It’s Alive!! Or Is It?
Table of Contents
Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
Chapter A1
Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things
Bellringer
What are four living and nonliving things that you interact with
every day? How do you know whether each is living or
nonliving? Do you know what the word inanimate means? If so,
write out a definition. Does nonliving mean the same thing as
dead? Explain your answer.
Write your answers in your science journal.
Chapter A1
Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things
Objectives
• Describe the six characteristics of of living things.
• Describe how organisms maintain stable internal conditions.
• Explain how asexual reproduction differs from sexual
reproduction.
Chapter A1
Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things
Living Things Have Cells
• All living things are composed of one or more cells.
• A cell is a membrane-covered structure that contains all of the
materials necessary for life.
• Some organisms are made up of only one cell and some are
made up of trillions of cells. In an organism with many cells,
different kinds of cells perform specialized functions.
Chapter A1
Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things
Living Things Sense and Respond to Change
• A stimulus is anything that causes a reaction or change in an
organism or any part of an organism.
• Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal
environment.
• Responding to External Change Organisms must respond to
change in the external environment in order to maintain their
homeostasis.
Chapter A1
Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things
Living Things Reproduce
• Organisms make other organisms similar to themselves.
• In sexual reproduction, two parents produce offspring that
will share characteristics of both parents.
• In asexual reproduction, a single parent produces offspring
that are identical to the parent.
Chapter A1
Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things
Living Things Have DNA
• The cells of all living things contain the molecule
deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.
•DNA controls the structure and function of cells.
•The passing of traits through DNA is called heredity.
Chapter A1
Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things
Living Things Use Energy
• Organisms use energy to carry out the activities of life.
• An organism’s metabolism is the total of all of the
chemical activities that the organism performs.
Chapter A1
Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things
Living Things Grow and Develop
• All living things, whether they are made of one cell or many
cells, grow during periods of their lives.
• Living things may develop and change as they grow.
Chapter A1
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
Bellringer
What do you think your mass would be if there were no
water in your body? What else besides water is your body
composed of? Where do you think you get the minerals
that make up your body mass?
Record your answers in your science journal.
Chapter A1
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
Objectives
• Explain why organisms need food, water, air, and living
space.
• Describe the chemical building blocks of cells.
Chapter A1
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
Water
• Your cells and the cells of almost all living organisms are
approximately 70% water. Most of the chemical reactions
involved in metabolism require water.
Air
• Air is a mixture of several different gases, including
oxygen and carbon dioxide. Most living things use oxygen
in the chemical process that releases energy from food.
Chapter A1
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
A Place to Live
• All organisms need a place to live that contains all of the things they need to
survive. Space on Earth is limited, so organisms are often in competition with
each other.
Food
• All living things need food. Food gives organism energy and the raw material
needed to carry on life processes.
• Making Food Some organisms, such as plants, are called producers. Producers
can make their own food by using energy from their surroundings.
• Taking Food Other organisms are called consumers because they must eat
(consume) other organisms to get food. Decomposers are consumers that get
their food by breaking down the nutrients in dead organisms or animal wastes.
Chapter A1
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
Putting It All Together
• All organisms need to break down that food in order to use
the nutrients in it.
• Nutrients are made up of molecules.
• Molecules found in living things are usually made up of six
elements: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus,
and sulfur.
Chapter A1
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
Proteins
• Proteins are large molecules made up of amino acids.
•Making Proteins Organisms break down the proteins in
food to supply their cells with amino acids that are then
linked together to form new proteins.
• Proteins in Action Some proteins form structures that are
easy to see. Other proteins help cells do their jobs. Proteins
called enzymes start or speed up chemical reactions in cells.
Chapter A1
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
Carbohydrates
• Molecules made of sugars are called carbohydrates.
•Simple Carbohydrates Simple carbohydrates are made up
of one sugar molecule or a few sugar molecules linked
together.
• Complex Carbohydrates Complex carbohydrates are made
of hundreds of sugar molecules linked together. Organisms
store extra sugar as complex carbohydrates.
Chapter A1
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
Lipids
• Lipids are compounds that cannot mix with water.
•Phospholipids are the molecules that form much of the
cell membrane.
• Fats and Oils Fats and oils are lipids that store energy.
When an organism has used up most of its carbohydrates,
it can get energy from these lipids.
Chapter A1
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
Chapter A1
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
ATP
• Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is the major energycarrying molecule in cells.
• The energy in carbohydrates and lipids must first be
transferred to ATP, which then provides fuel for cellular
activities.
Chapter A1
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
Nucleic Acids
• Nucleic acids are large molecules made up of subunits
called nucleotides.
• Nucleic acids are sometimes called the blueprints of life
because they have all the information needed for a cell to
make proteins.
• DNA is a nucleic acid.
Chapter A1
Concept Map
Chapter A1
Concept Map - Answers
Chapter A1 – It’s Alive!!! Or is it??
The End
Chapter A1
Standardized Test Preparation
Reading
Read each of the passages. Then, answer the questions that follow each passage.
Passage 1 Organisms make other organisms similar to
themselves. They do so in one of two ways: by sexual
reproduction or by asexual reproduction. In sexual
reproduction, two parents produce offspring that will share
characteristics of both parents. Most animals and plants
reproduce in this way. In asexual reproduction, a single parent
produces offspring that are identical to the parent. Most singlecelled organisms reproduce in this way.
Chapter A1
Standardized Test Preparation
1. In the passage, what does the term asexual reproduction
mean?
A A single parent produces offspring.
B Two parents make identical offspring.
C Plants make offspring.
D Animals make offspring.
Chapter A1
Standardized Test Preparation
2. What is characteristic of offspring produced by sexual
reproduction?
F They are identical to both parents.
G They share the traits of both parents.
H They are identical to one parent.
I They are identical to each other.
Chapter A1
Standardized Test Preparation
3. What is characteristic of offspring produced by asexual
reproduction?
A They are identical to both parents.
B They share the traits of both parents.
C They are identical to one parent.
D They are usually plants.
Chapter A1
Standardized Test Preparation
4. What is the difference between sexual and asexual
reproduction?
F the number of offspring produced
G the number of parents needed to produce offspring
H the number of traits produced
I the number of offspring that survive
Chapter A1
Passage 2
Standardized Test Preparation
In 1996, a group of researchers led by NASA scientists studied a 3.8-billion-
year-old meteorite named ALH84001. These scientists agree that ALH84001 is a potatosized piece of the planet Mars. They also agree that it fell to Earth about 13,000 years
ago. It was discovered in Antarctica in 1984. According to the NASA team, ALH84001
brought with it evidence that life once existed on Mars.
Scientists found certain kinds of organic molecules (molecules containing carbon) on the
surface of ALH84001. These molecules are similar to those left behind when living things
break down substances for food. When these scientists examined the interior of the
meteorite, they found the same organic molecules throughout. Because these molecules
were spread throughout the meteorite, scientists concluded that the molecules were not
contamination from Earth. The NASA team believes that these organic compounds are
strong evidence that tiny organisms similar to bacteria lived, ate, and died on Mars
millions of years ago.
Chapter A1
Standardized Test Preparation
1. How old is the meteorite named ALH84001?
A 13,000 years old
B millions of years old
C 3.8 billion years old
D 3.8 trillion years old
2. Which of the following would best support a claim that
life might have existed on Mars?
F remains of organisms
G water
H meteorite temperatures similar to Earth temperatures
I oxygen
Chapter A1
Standardized Test Preparation
Interpreting Graphics
The graph below shows an ill person’s body temperature. Use the graph below to
answer the questions that follow.
1. A fever is a spike in
temperature. On which
day does this person
have a fever?
A Sunday
B Monday
C Wednesday
D Saturday
Chapter A1
2. A body with a fever is often
fighting an infection. Fevers
help eliminate the pathogens
that cause the infection.
According to the chart, when
does this person probably
have the highest fever?
F Sunday
G Monday
H Wednesday
I Saturday
Standardized Test Preparation
Chapter A1
3. What is the highest temperature
that this fever reaches?
A 37°C
B 38°C
C 39°C
D 40°C
Standardized Test Preparation
Chapter A1
4. What is probably this person’s
normal body temperature?
F 37°C
G 38°C
H 39°C
I 40°C
Standardized Test Preparation
Chapter A1
Standardized Test Preparation
Math
Read each question, and choose the best answer.
1. An aquarium is a place where fish can live.
What is the volume of the aquarium shown
below?
A 0.25 m
B 0.25 m2
C 0.25 m3
D 0.52 m3
Chapter A1
Standardized Test Preparation
2. The cost of admission to a natural history museum is $7
per adult. What is the total cost of admission for a group
of five adults?
F $25
G $35
H $45
I $55
Chapter A1
Standardized Test Preparation
3. Lee biked 25.3 km on Monday, 20.7 km on Tuesday, and
15.6 km on Wednesday. How many kilometers did Lee bike
during those three days?
A 66.1 km
B 61.6 km
C 51.6 km
D 16.6 km
Chapter A1
Standardized Test Preparation
4. Laura collected 24 leaves. One-third of the leaves were
oak leaves. How many oak leaves did Laura collect?
F6
G8
H 12
I 24