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A1. All of the following are characteristics of ventilation EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. E. A2. Intrapleural pressure is always less than intrapulmonary pressure During forced inhalation, the superior/inferior dimensions of the lung may increase Activation of external intercostal muscles decreases lung volume As the diaphragm flattens, alveolar pressure decreases B&D In regards to the distribution of respiratory gases, which of the following is NOT TRUE? A. B. C. D. E. pO2 of expired air is greater than alveolar air pO2 of interstitial fluids is less than pO2 in blood leaving the lungs pO2 in the blood is greater than alveolar air pCO2 of blood returning from the lungs equals that found in the alveoli C&D For Question A3 refer to the following table. Vessel 1 2 3 4 5 6 A3. Splenic vein Superior mesenteric vein Gastric vein Hepatic vein Inferior vena cava Inferior mesenteric vein Blood flowing through the hepatic portal vein may have flowed through all of the following vessels EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. E. A4. 2,4&5 2, 3 & 4 4 only 4&5 4, 5 & 6 In regards to blood flow from organs of the abdominal cavity, which of the following is NOT TRUE? A. B. C. D. E. The internal iliac vein drains blood from reproductive organs Blood from the transverse colon drains into the inferior mesenteric vein Blood from the left gonad drains into the left renal vein The right suprarenal vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava C&D Use the following table to answer Question A5. 1 2 3 Bowman’s capsule Proximal convoluted tubule Descending loop of Henle 4 5 6 Ascending loop of Henle Distal convoluted tubule Collecting ducts A5. Which of the above regions of the nephron include cells with aquaporins on the luminal side of the side of the cell? A. B. C. D. E. A6. In regards to the nephron, which is NOT TRUE? A. B. C. D. E. A7. 1, 3 & 4 2, 3 & 4 2. 3 & 5 2. 3, 4 & 5 All of the above The afferent arteriole gives rise to the peritubular capillary Juxtamedullary nephrons have longer loops of henle than cortical nephrons Filtration slits lie between neighboring podocytes The basement membrane repels plasma proteins A&C In regards to blood flow of the lower appendage, which of the following is TRUE? A. B. C. D. E. The fibular vein drains into the posterior tibial vein All blood returning from the leg must pass through the popliteal artery Veins conveying blood from the superficial posterior leg must pass through the popliteal vein before reaching the femoral vein A&C B&C For Question A8 refer to the following table. 1 2 3 4 5 6 A8. Vessel Great saphenous vein Superior mesenteric vein Internal iliac vein Azygos vein Basilic vein Splenic Which of the above does NOT correctly match the vessel with the body tissue it supplies or drains? A. B. C. D. E. A9. Tissue Deep medial thigh Small interstine Abdominal organs Anterior intercostal spaces Superficial lateral forearm Stomach 1 only 1, 2 & 6 1&3 1, 3 & 5 All are correctly matched In regards to the anatomy of the kidney, all of the following are true EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. Medullary pyramids are made up of collecting ducts Urine drains from the renal pelvis into the ureter Collecting ducts drain into minor calyx The vasa recta collects fluid from the distal convoluted tubules E. A10. The gIomerulus is primarily formed from which of the following types of cells? A. B. C. D. E. A11. Inspiratory muscle contract Expiratory muscle contract Tidal volume increases VRG is inhibited Oxygen more readily dissociates from hemoglobin Which of the above are likely to result when scalenes are contracted? A. B. C. D. E. A14. Vital capacity Total lung capacity Inspiratory capacity Functional reserve capacity C&D Which of the following is the most immediate effect of the activation of the DRG? A. B. C. D. E. A13. Simple cuboidal cells with fenestrations Simple squamous cells with fenestrations Simple squamous cells with tight junctions Podocytes with fenestrations Podocytes with basement membranes that include a gelatinous layer All of the following respiratory capacities would be affected by factors that reduce the resilience of the lung EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. E. A12. B&C Proportion of expiratory reserve volume remaining in the lungs increases Tidal volume increases Proportion of inspiratory reserve volume in the lungs increases Vital capacity increases C&D In regards to the anatomy of the respiratory system, all of the following are true EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. E. The uvula covers the opening to the nasopharynx during swallowing The paranasal sinuses connect to the vestibule of the nose Bronchioles that have cartilage rings are not surrounded by smooth muscle The right lung has more segments than the left lung B&C