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www.gradeup.co (1) www.gradeup.co English Language Direction (1-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some questions. that technology have improved but it has not gone to the rural levels as it is confined to urban areas alone. There are several loopholes in the present legislation and there is no organized and regulated marketing system for marketing the agricultural produce. The farmers have to face so many hardships and have to overcome several hurdles to get fair and just price for their sweat. The agriculture sector needs wellfunctioning markets to drive growth, employment and economic prosperity in rural areas of India. In order to provide dynamism and efficiency into the marketing system, large investments are required for the development of post-harvest and cold-chain infrastructure nearer to the farmers’ field. A major portion of this investment is expected from the private sector, for which an appropriate regulatory and policy environment is necessary. Also, enabling policies need to be put in place to encourage the procurement of agricultural commodities directly from farmers’ fields and to establish effective linkage between the farm production and the retail chain and food processing industries. Accordingly, the state governments were requested to suitably amend their respective APMC Acts for deregulation of the marketing system in India, to promote investment in marketing infrastructure, thereby motivating the corporate sector to undertake direct marketing and to facilitate a national integrated market. The Department has recently taken the initiative to promote modern terminal markets for fruits, vegetables and other perishables in important urban centres in India. These markets would provide state-of the art infrastructure facilities for electronic auction, cold chain and logistics and operate through primary collection centres conveniently located in producing areas to allow easy access to farmers. The terminal markets are envisaged to operate on a „hub-and-spoke‟ format, wherein the terminal market (the hub) would be linked to a number of collection centres (the spokes). The terminal markets would be built, owned and operated by a corporate/private/co-operative entity, either by itself, or through the adoption of an outsourcing model. The enterprise could be a consortium of entrepreneurs from agribusiness, cold chain, logistics, warehousing, agri-infrastructure and/or related background. The enterprise would charge a user charge for the services provided. The total financial outlay for implementation of the above component during the Tenth Plan Period is Rs 150 crore. The proposed expenditure will be met from the budget outlay of the National Horticulture Agricultural marketing covers the services involved in moving an agricultural product from the farm to the consumer. Numerous interconnected activities are involved in doing this, such as planning production, growing and harvesting, grading, packing, transport, storage, agro -and food processing, distribution advertising and sale. Businesses that have lower costs, are more efficient, and can deliver quality products, are those that prosper. Those that have high costs, fail to adapt to changes in market demand and provide poorer quality is often forced out of business. Marketing has to be customer-oriented and has to provide the farmer, transporter, trader, processor, etc. with a profit. This requires those involved in marketing chains to understand buyer requirements, both in terms of product and business conditions. The National Commission on Agriculture defined agricultural marketing as a process which starts with a decision to produce a saleable farm commodity and it involves all aspects of market structure of system, both functional and institutional, based on technical and economic considerations and includes pre and post- harvest operations, assembling, grading, storage, transportation and distribution. The Indian council of Agricultural Research defined involvement of three important functions, namely (a) assembling (concentration) (b) preparation for consumption (processing) and (c) distribution. Agricultural marketing can be defined as the commercial functions involved in transferring agricultural products consisting of farm, horticultural and other allied products from producer to consumer. Agricultural marketing also reflect another dimension from supply of produce from rural to rural and rural to urban and from rural to industrial consumers. There are several challenges involved in marketing of agricultural produce. There is limited access to the market information, literacy level among the farmers is low, multiple channels of distribution that eats away the pockets of both farmers and consumers. The government funding of farmers is still at nascent stage and most of the small farmers still depend on the local moneylenders who are leeches and charge high rate of interest. There are too many vultures that eat away the benefits that the farmers are supposed to get. Although we say (2) www.gradeup.co Mission. The operational guidelines of the scheme have been circulated to the state governments, which have amended their respective APMC Acts to allow the setting up of markets in the private sector. The Department of Agriculture and Cooperation has three organisations dealing with marketing under its administrative control, namely, the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection, Faridabad; the Ch. Charan Singh National Institute of Agricultural Marketing, Jaipur; and the Small Farmers AgriBusiness Consortium, New Delhi. The Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act, 1937 empowers the central government to fix quality standards, known as „AGMARK‟ standards, and, to prescribe terms and conditions for using the seal of AGMARK. So far, grade standards have been notified for 181 agricultural and allied commodities. The purity standards under the provision of the PFA Act and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Act, 1986, are invariably taken into consideration while framing the grade standards. International standards framed by Codex/International Standards Organization (ISO) are also considered so that Indian produce can compete in international markets. AGMARK quality control programmes as well as improvements in marketing practices and procedures are given wide publicity through mass media. The information is disseminated through documentaries, cinema slides, printed literature, exhibitions, conferences, seminars and workshops. Agricultural Marketing, a quarterly bi-lingual journal, is also published regularly. MRIN is a central sector scheme that was launched by the Department of Agriculture and Cooperation in March 2000. The scheme aims at progressively linking important agricultural produce markets spread all over India and the State Agriculture Marketing Boards/ Directorates and the DMI for effective exchange of market information. The market information network, AGMARKNET (agmarknet.nic.in), is being implemented jointly by DMI and NIC, using NICNET facilities available throughout the country. The objective of the scheme is to facilitate collection and dissemination of information for better price realisation. The scheme provides funds to stateand national-level institutions managing the markets and executing market-led extension activities and thus, has no separate genderspecific provisions under the scheme. 1. According to the passage, agricultural marketing? what persons and building banking with farmers. up relationship 2) It refers to the science art of cultivating vegetables, medicinal and aromatic plants and plantation crops of different agriculture commodities across the country. 3) It is a process that involves assembling, storage, processing, transportation, packaging, grading and distribution of different agricultural commodities. A. Only 1 B. Only 2 C. Only 3 D. Both 1 & 3 E. Both 1 & 2 2. According to the passage, what are the problems faced by the farmers in agricultural marketing? 1) Manipulation by big traders 2) Lack of market information 3) Lack of storage facilities A. Both 1 & 3 B. Both 1 & 2 C. Only 1 D. Only 2 E. All of the above 3. Which of the following is true in the context of the passage? A. Businesses that have lower costs, are more efficient, and can deliver quality products, are those that needed. B. Agricultural marketing also reflect another dimension from supply of produce from rural to rural and rural to urban and from rural to rural consumers. C. The Department has recently taken the initiative to promote modern terminal markets for fruits, vegetables and other perishables in important rural centres in India. D. The scheme for the strengthening of development/ agricultural marketing infrastructure, grading and standardisation was launched on 20 October 2004 E. None of them 4. Choose the word which is opposite in the meaning to the word ‘NASCENT ‘given in bold as used in the passage. A. Budding B. Inchoate C. Introductory D. Embryonic E. Moribund is 5. 1) It is the process of developing high quality crops with the help of market (3) According to the passage, in agricultural marketing the dealing has high costs, are not efficient and can deliver… www.gradeup.co A. low quality of product A. Farmer Market B. good quality of product with bad effects B. Horticulture C. deliver quality products for those that are prosper C. Self-Help Group D. Marketing Research and Information Network D. deliver quality products for those that are poorer E. None of them E. None of them 6. Direction (11-15): In each of these questions, two sentences (I) and (II) are given. Each sentence bas a blank in it. Five words (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) are suggested. Out of these, only one fits at both the places in the context of each sentence. Number of that word is the answer. Choose the word which is most nearly the same in the meaning to the word ‘AMEND ‘given in bold as used in the passage. A. Aggravate B. Degrade C. Provide D. Revamp E. Harm 7. 11. I. He is ____________ with whatever little he has. II. They kept the __________of the communication a secret. A. happy B. Matter C. Gist D. Content E. Sense 12. I. It is hard to believe the ___________ of operations involved in this activity. II. The map is drawn to a _________ of 1 inch to 50 km. A. Magnitude B. size C. Scale D. Proportion E. Significance 13. I. Heavy snow did __________the rescue efforts. II. The food was kept in a _____________ A. Delay B. Bundle C. Basket D. Hamper E. Holder 14. I. They left __________after breakfast. II. It is difficult to find a __________ person for this job. A. Right B. immediately C. Suitable D. Best E. Soon 15. I. He would always do ____________ was told by his superiors. II. He appeared on stage ___________ a narrator of the drama. A. As B. What C. About D. Whatever E. Always What is the central idea of the passage? A. The government funding of farmers is still at nascent stage and most of the small farmers still depend on the local moneylenders who are leeches and charge high rate of interest. B. Agricultural marketing reflect another dimension from supply of produce from rural to rural and rural to urban and from rural to industrial consumers. C. Agricultural markets are still dominated by the private traders like moneylenders, rural political leaders, big merchants and rich farmers. The agriculture sector needs wellfunctioning markets to drive growth, employment and economic prosperity in rural areas of India. D. The enterprise could be a consortium of entrepreneurs from agri-business, cold chain, logistics, warehousing, agriinfrastructure and/or related background. E. None of them 8. According to the passage, what does DMI stand for? A. Director of Marketing & Inspection B. Director of Marketing & Investment C. Direct Marketing & Investment D. Directorate of Marketing & Inspection E. Discussion on Marketing & Investment plan 9. The purity standards are measured under the A. AGMARK B. NICNET C. DIM D. NIC Directions: In the following questions, read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. Mark the part with the error as your answer. Ignore the errors of punctuation, if any. E. None of them 10. According to the passage, which scheme was launched by the department of agriculture and cooperation? (4) www.gradeup.co 16. The Structure in many ways resembles (a)/ that of a detective story (b)/ particularly in keeping the reader alert to details (c)/ always hunting of a clue that would unravel the mystery. (d)/ No error (e)/. A. The Structure in many ways resembles B. that of a detective story C. particularly in keeping the reader alert to details D. always hunting of a clue that would unravel the mystery. E. No error 19. To produce any particular output with a fixed (a)/ proportions production function at minimal cost, (b)/ the firm may produce at the vertex of its isoquants (c)/ no matter what the input’s prices are. (d)/ No error (e). A. To produce any particular output with a fixed B. proportions production function at minimal cost, C. the firm may produce at the vertex of its isoquants D. no matter what the input’s prices are E. No error Directions: In the following questions, read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. Mark the part with the error as your answer. Ignore the errors of punctuation, if any. Directions: Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. If the sentence is correct as it is mark 'no error' as the answer. 20. One especially nice feature of Shephard’s lemma / is that it can be used to show how to drive / information about input substitution directly / from the total cost function through differentiation. / No error. A. One especially nice feature of Shephard’s lemma B. is that it can be used to show how to drive C. information about input substitution directly D. from the total cost function through differentiation E. No error 17. Efforts are on to diffuse (a)/ tension between the public and (b)/ the government on the issue (c)/ demonetization and cashless money. (d)/ No error (e). A. Efforts are on to diffuse B. tension between the public and C. the government on the issue D. demonetization and cashless money. E. No error Directions: Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. If there is no error, the answer is (5), i.e. ‘No error’. (Ignore the errors of punctuation, if any.) Direction (21-25): Rearrange the following six sentences A, B, C, D, E and F in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the questions given below. 18. With a mental make-up so thoroughly sectionalized / grading according to their social status / people who were charged or convict / of the same offence did not appear incongruous. / No error A. With a mental make-up so thoroughly sectionalized, B. grading according to their social status C. people who were charged or convict D. of the same offence did not appear incongruous E. No error A. B. C. Directions: Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. If the sentence is correct as it is, mark 'no error' as the answer. D. (5) But recent reports suggest President Barack Obama has decided to break out of this mould. As all cricket fans know, in one-day cricket the leading batsman in the side often finds himself unable to score freely in the first 45 of the allotted 50 overs. Mostly they act like lame ducks, as they are derisively referred to, engaging in warm and fuzzy non-controversial activities like presidential visits abroad, planning their presidential libraries and so on. He is said to be considering taking some serious steps to push forward his disarmament and arms control agenda which, after a lot of promise and www.gradeup.co E. F. considerable initial success, had stalled in subsequent years. He finally lets loose with his bat in the last five “slog” overs to make up for lost time, permitting himself bold and unconventional shots without fear that he might get out since the innings will end in five overs anyway. Not all U.S. Presidents view their last few months in office as “slog” overs and turn hyperactive to reach their promised targets. (###26###), influence of money and other inducements. Therefore, the EC’s action in these two constituencies may be (###27###) as one that did little but carry symbolic weight. A Commission with better resources and more manpower on the ground for the entire State — not to mention much greater courage — may have considered (###28###) of the entire Assembly election. But such a drastic course of action would have had serious ramifications for the democratic process. Even so, it must be granted that the EC went well beyond merely delivering a mild (###29###) to the parties. Its detailed order clearly recorded its displeasure with Tamil Nadu Governor K. Rosaiah, who broke both convention and propriety by asking that the polls be held before June 1, or in time for the Rajya Sabha election. In doing so, the EC underlined its independence and authority and signalled that it would not be (###30###) down by political pressure. In taking on the Governor for his overreach and refusing to quietly acquiesce in this matter, the EC deserves to be commended. 21. Which of the following will be the Last sentence? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. F 22. Which of the following will be the First sentence? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. F 23. Which of the following will be the Third sentence? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. F 24. Which of the following will be the Fourth sentence? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. F 25. Which of the following will the Second sentence? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E 26. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case. A. claimed B. pernicious C. cautioned D. helpful E. innocuous 27. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case. A. construed B. confound C. palpable D. addled E. bilked 28. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case. Direction (26-30): In the following passage there are blanks each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the pas-sage and against each, five words/phrases are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case. A. fined B. adjudication C. tenacity D. postponement E. persistence 29. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case. A. commendation B. reward C. reprimand D. adulation E. cajolery 30. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case. The events and happenings in the two constituencies differed in degree, and not in type, from what occurred elsewhere in the State. As reports from different parts of Tamil Nadu suggested, there were few constitutencies if any, that were totally free of the A. cowed B. encourage C. frightened D. hearten E. inspirit (6) www.gradeup.co SOLUTIONS 1. Ans. C 8. Ans. D Directorate of Marketing & Inspection is to implement the agricultural marketing policies and programmes for the integrated development of marketing of agricultural and other allied produce in the country with a view to safeguard the interests of farmers as well as the consumers. 9. Ans. A The Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act, 1937 empowers the central government to fix quality standards, known as AGMARK standards, and, to prescribe terms and conditions for using the seal of AGMARK. 10. Ans. D Marketing Research and Information Network was launched by the Department of Agriculture and Cooperation in March 2000. 11. Ans. D Happy fits the first blank but not the second. Matter fits the second blank and not first. Gist also fits the second blank only. Sense also doesn't fit in the first one. Content fits both the statements. For first it means, satisfied while for the second it means matter or the substance of communication. 12. Ans. C Scale is the most appropriate word for both the blanks. For first, it refers to the level and amount of operations. For the second it specifies a measurement degree. 13. Ans. D 'Hamper' fits both the sentences well. In the first statement it means 'to restrict'. For the second statement it is used as a noun which means 'a carton or a basket'. 14. Ans. A 'Right' is the most appropriate filler for both the blanks. In the first statement it means 'just after the breakfast'. In the second sentence it means 'the most appropriate or correct'. 15. Ans. A 'As' as a connector fits both the blanks appropriately. 16. Ans. D 'always hunting for a clue that will unravel the mystery' should be used to make the sentence grammatically correct. The sentence has errors of preposition and grammar. ‘For’ instead of ‘of’ and 'will' should be used instead of 'would'. 17. Ans. A ‘Efforts are on to defuse’. The verb ‘defuse’ means to make less dangerous or to remove the fuse and the verb ‘diffuse’ means to spread from a central point. According to the passage, Agricultural marketing is an efficient way by which the farmers can dispose their surplus produce at a fair and reasonable price. It is a process that involves assembling, storage, processing, transportation, packaging, grading and distribution of different agricultural commodities across the country. 2. Ans. E According to the passage, there are several challenges involved in marketing of agricultural produce. There is limited access to the market information, literacy level among the farmers is low, multiple channels of distribution that eats away the pockets of both farmers and consumers. 3. Ans. D Statement A- According to the passage, businesses that have lower costs, are more efficient, and can deliver quality products, are those that prosper. Statement B - Agricultural marketing also reflect another dimension from supply of produce from rural to rural and rural to urban and from rural to industrial consumers. Statement Cthe Department has recently taken the initiative to promote modern terminal markets for fruits, vegetables and other perishables in important urban centres in India. 4. Ans. E Moribund means (especially of an organization or business) not active or successful which is opposite to Nascent means only recently formed or started, but likely to grow larger quickly. 5. Ans. A According to the passage, businesses that have lower costs, are more efficient, and can deliver quality products, are those that prosper. Those that have high costs, fail to adapt to changes in market demand and provide poorer quality is often forced out of business. 6. Ans. E Revamp means to change or arrange something again, in order to improve it which is similar to ‘Amend’ means to change the words of a text, especially a law or a legal document. 7. Ans. C According to the passage, the central idea of the passage is that Agricultural markets are still dominated by the private traders like moneylenders, rural political leaders, big merchants and rich farmers. The agriculture sector needs well-functioning markets to drive growth, employment and economic prosperity in rural areas of India. (7) www.gradeup.com 18. Ans. C comparison be logical. Hence, the first statement should be B which serves as an introductory sentence. Next should be statement E which is a continuing statement to B (talks about the last five overs). The next statement should be F which is similar in context to sentence E (about the last five over's slog and its comparison to the president's activities). Next should be statement C which is a continuing statement of the activities performed. It should be followed by sentence A which brings a contrast in the usually followed path. Last should be statement D. (referring to 'he' used for Obama). ‘people who were charged or convicted’- The whole sentence is in past tense. ‘Or’ in the sentence doesn’t change the tense of the sentence. 19. Ans. C ‘The firm must produce at the vertex of its isoquants’- Must is used to talk about necessity. May is used to suggest something is possible. In the sentence, must supports the statement ‘fixed proportions production function at minimal cost’. 20. Ans. B Hence, the correct sequence is BEFCAD. 'Drive' will be replaced by 'derive' 26. Ans. B Derive means to take, receive, or obtain especially from a specified source. ‘drive’ means to impart a forward motion to by physical force. 'Pernicious' means having a harmful especially in a gradual or subtle way. effect, 21. Ans. D 27. Ans. A Refer to the last question of the series. 'construed' is the most suitable response. It means to deduce or explain. 22. Ans. B 28. Ans. D Refer to the last question of the series. 'Postponement' is the something; deferral. 23. Ans. E Refer to the last question of the series. action of postponing 29. Ans. C 24. Ans. C Refer to the last question of the series. 'Reprimand' is the most suitable response. It means an oral punishment/ blaming/ scolding. 25. Ans. E 30. Ans. A While arranging sentences in a meaningful paragraph we should first understand the central theme of the passage. Here, presidential activities are being compared to the way cricketers play. To draw out the comparison we should first explain the cricketer's way of playing only then will the cowed Cow - cause (someone) to submit to one's wishes by intimidation. *** (8) www.gradeup.com (9)